The following Management's Discussion and Analysis should be read in conjunction with Management's Discussion and Analysis included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on February 27, 2013, and our other filings, including Current Reports on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC through the date of this report.
Overview
Our revenue for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013 increased 15% and 17% to $682.9 million and $1.2 billion, when compared to the same periods in 2012, with foreign currency fluctuations negatively impacting revenue 3% for both periods. This increase was driven by significant growth in our Greater China region and continued growth in our North Asia and Americas regions. Sustained interest in our innovative product portfolio, including our ageLOC anti-aging products, and our business opportunity continued to drive robust year-over-year growth in our Sales Leaders and Actives, with increases of 23% and 32%, respectively. Earnings per share for the second quarter of 2013 were $1.22, compared to $0.94 in the prior year. Earnings per share for the first half of 2013 were $2.11 compared to $1.67 in the prior-year period. Earnings per share were positively impacted by our repurchase of outstanding shares over the past year. We currently plan to introduce our ageLOC TR90 weight management system through limited-time offerings in each of our regions in the second half of 2013. TR90 is a proprietary weight management system that includes four products and a comprehensive diet and lifestyle plan designed to promote healthy weight loss.
Revenue
Greater China. The following table sets forth revenue for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 for the Greater China region and its principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
2013
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mainland China
|
|
$
|
197.6
|
|
|
$
|
57.3
|
|
|
|
245%
|
|
|
$
|
321.7
|
|
|
$
|
108.1
|
|
|
|
198%
|
|
Taiwan
|
|
|
38.1
|
|
|
|
40.5
|
|
|
|
(6%)
|
|
|
|
70.6
|
|
|
|
65.4
|
|
|
|
8%
|
|
Hong Kong
|
|
|
33.4
|
|
|
|
101.9
|
|
|
|
(67%)
|
|
|
|
52.6
|
|
|
|
118.8
|
|
|
|
(56%)
|
|
Greater China total
|
|
$
|
269.1
|
|
|
$
|
199.7
|
|
|
|
35%
|
|
|
$
|
444.9
|
|
|
$
|
292.3
|
|
|
|
52%
|
|
Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations positively impacted revenue in this region by 3% and 2% during the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013. Strong revenue growth in the Greater China region reflects significant growth in our Actives and Sales Leaders and continued interest in our product portfolio, including our ageLOC products. Quarterly product expos continued to positively impact sales in the region. Revenue for the second quarter of 2012 included approximately $100 million from the regional limited-time offers of our ageLOC R2 and ageLOC Galvanic Body Spa and related products, with most of the sales recorded in Hong Kong in connection with our Greater China regional convention. Actives and Sales Leaders in Mainland China increased 199% and 88%, respectively, compared to the prior-year period. Sales Leaders in Taiwan were down 19% and Actives increased 23%, compared to the prior year. Sales Leaders and Actives in Hong Kong were up 7% and 46%, respectively, compared to the prior year. The number of Sales Leaders in the region in the prior year was positively impacted by limited-time offer related qualifications.
Our rapid growth in Greater China has put significant pressure on our supply chain and other systems and resources in this region. This has caused us to take some measures to help alleviate this pressure, including staging the limited-time offering of ageLOC TR90 in the Greater China region over the third and fourth quarters of this year, rather than limiting the offering to September as originally planned. We, along with our management team in the Greater China region, who have extensive experience with our business, continue to focus resources to successfully manage the necessary expansion of our management team, labor force, manufacturing operations, systems, government relations efforts, stores and sales support centers, including plans to triple our number of stores and sales support centers by 2015 and expand our manufacturing capabilities. In July 2013, China's Ministry of Commerce granted us authorization to expand our direct selling activities into additional provinces and districts in Mainland China.
North Asia. The following table sets forth revenue for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 for the North Asia region and its principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
2013
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japan
|
|
$
|
98.9
|
|
|
$
|
115.6
|
|
|
|
(14%)
|
|
|
$
|
205.6
|
|
|
$
|
225.7
|
|
|
|
(9%)
|
|
South Korea
|
|
|
97.9
|
|
|
|
62.1
|
|
|
|
58%
|
|
|
|
179.4
|
|
|
|
134.2
|
|
|
|
34%
|
|
North Asia total
|
|
$
|
196.8
|
|
|
$
|
177.7
|
|
|
|
11%
|
|
|
$
|
385.0
|
|
|
$
|
359.9
|
|
|
|
7%
|
|
Revenue in the region for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013 was negatively impacted approximately 12% and 10% by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.
During the second quarter and first half of 2013, the Japanese yen weakened against the U.S. dollar, negatively impacting our revenue in this market by 20% and18%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2012. Local-currency revenue in Japan in the second quarter and first half of 2013 increased 5% and 9%, respectively, year-over-year. This growth reflects continued interest in our strong product portfolio, including our ageLOC anti-aging products. Our Sales Leaders and Actives in Japan were up 9% and down 5%, respectively, compared to the prior year. The environment for direct selling in Japan has been challenging for several years. We expect media and regulatory scrutiny of direct selling to continue. We recently received a warning from a regional regulatory authority requesting that we take additional actions to address its concerns regarding the activities of our distributors. As a result of this warning, we have implemented additional steps to further reinforce our distributor education, training and compliance efforts. These issues also lead us to be cautious in our promotional activities. For more information regarding this matter, see "Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" below.
Local-currency revenue in South Korea increased 54% and 29% for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013, compared to the same period in 2012. This growth reflects a 38% increase in both Sales Leaders and Actives, driven by distributor initiatives and continued interest in our strong product portfolio.
South Asia/Pacific. The following table sets forth revenue for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 for the South Asia/Pacific region (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
2013
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
South Asia/Pacific
|
|
$
|
85.9
|
|
|
$
|
98.3
|
|
|
|
(13%)
|
|
|
$
|
153.2
|
|
|
$
|
175.7
|
|
|
|
(13%)
|
|
Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in South Asia/Pacific did not materially impact revenue in the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013, when compared to the same prior-year periods. Revenue in the region declined year-over-year due primarily to a difficult prior-year comparison, with revenue for the second quarter of 2012 including approximately $40 million from regional limited-time offers of our ageLOC R2 and ageLOC Galvanic Body Spa and related products. Actives in the region increased 16%, compared to the prior year, while Sales Leaders decreased 20%, compared to a large number of Sales Leaders in the prior year driven by limited-time offer related qualifications.
Americas. The following table sets forth revenue for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 for the Americas region (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
2013
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Americas
|
|
$
|
84.3
|
|
|
$
|
71.8
|
|
|
|
17%
|
|
|
$
|
160.8
|
|
|
$
|
138.1
|
|
|
|
16%
|
|
Revenue in the Americas region for both the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013 were negatively impacted approximately 5% by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. Year-over-year revenue growth in the region was positively impacted by strong growth in our Latin American markets, with revenue up 65% and 76% in these markets for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013, respectively. In the United States, revenue was up 8% for both the second quarter and first half of 2013 when compared to the same prior-year periods. Our Sales Leaders and Actives in this region increased 16% and 3%, respectively, compared to the prior year.
EMEA. The following table sets forth revenue for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 for the Europe, Middle East and Africa ("EMEA") region (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
2013
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EMEA
|
|
$
|
46.8
|
|
|
$
|
45.7
|
|
|
|
2%
|
|
|
$
|
89.2
|
|
|
$
|
89.2
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
*Less than 1%
Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in the EMEA region positively impacted revenue for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013 by 1% in both periods when compared to the prior year. Our Sales Leaders and Actives in the EMEA region decreased by 3% and increased by 4%, respectively, when compared to the prior year.
Gross profit
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 83.7% for the second quarter of 2013, compared to 83.9% for the same prior-year period. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 83.7% for the first half of 2013, compared to 83.8% for the same prior-year period.
Selling expenses
Selling expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 45.2% and 44.7% for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013 from 45.1% and 44.5% for the same periods in 2012. Selling expenses as a percentage of revenue remained elevated due to growth in our sales force, with a higher number of Sales Leaders achieving sales incentive trips, and to the accrual of expenses associated with the anticipated achievement of a special incentive in Greater China.
General and administrative expenses
As a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expenses decreased to 21.7% and 23.0% for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013 from 22.3% and 23.2% for the same periods in 2012. This improvement was due primarily to our revenue growing at a faster rate than our general and administrative expenses.
Other income (expense), net
Other income (expense), net for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013 was $1.2 million and $1.1 million of expense compared to $3.4 million of expense and $0.3 million of income for the same periods in 2012. The fluctuations in other income (expense) are largely due to the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
Provision for income taxes
Provision for income taxes for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013 was $39.0 million and $67.5 million compared to $34.1 million and $61.6 million for the same periods in 2012. The effective tax rate was 34.4% of pre-tax income during both the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013, compared to 36.1% and 36.3% in the same prior-year periods. The decrease in the effective tax rate is primarily due to a portion of our non-U.S. earnings being indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S.
Net income
As a result of the foregoing factors, net income for the second quarter and first half of 2013 was $74.4 million and $128.7 million compared to $60.4 million and $108.2 million for the same periods in 2012.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Historically, our principal uses of cash have included operating expenses, particularly selling expenses, and working capital (principally inventory purchases), as well as capital expenditures, stock repurchases, dividends, debt repayment and the development of operations in new markets. We have generally relied on cash flow from operations to fund operating activities, and we have at times incurred long-term debt in order to fund strategic transactions and stock repurchases.
We typically generate positive cash flow from operations due to favorable margins. We generated $188.9 million in cash from operations during the first half of 2013, compared to $168.4 million during the same period in 2012. This increase is attributed to significant growth in revenue and net income.
As of June 30, 2013, working capital was $292.2 million, compared to $279.3 million as of December 31, 2012. Cash and cash equivalents, including current investments at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 were $411.4 million and $333.4 million, respectively.
Capital expenditures in the first half of 2013 totaled approximately $82.5 million, and we anticipate additional capital expenditures of approximately $80 million for the remainder of 2013. Our 2013 capital expenditures are primarily related to:
|
• |
construction of an innovation center and related development projects on our Provo campus and a new Greater China regional headquarters in Shanghai, China; |
|
• |
expansion of manufacturing facilities in Mainland China; |
|
• |
the build-out and upgrade of leasehold improvements in our various markets, including stores and support centers in Mainland China; and |
|
• |
purchases of computer systems and software, including equipment and development costs. |
We currently have debt pursuant to various credit facilities and other borrowings. Our book value for both the individual and consolidated debt included in the table below approximates fair value. The estimated fair value of our debt is based on interest rates available for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities. We have classified these instruments as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The following table summarizes our long-term debt arrangements:
Facility or
Arrangement
|
|
Original Principal Amount
|
|
Balance as of
June 30, 2013(1)
|
|
Interest Rate
|
|
Repayment terms
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Multi-currency uncommitted
shelf facility:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. dollar
denominated:
|
|
$40.0 million
|
|
$22.9 million
|
|
6.2%
|
|
Notes due July 2016 with annual principal payments that began in July 2010.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$20.0 million
|
|
$11.4 million
|
|
6.2%
|
|
Notes due January 2017 with annual principal payments that began in January 2011.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japanese yen
denominated:
|
|
3.1 billion yen
|
|
0.4 billion yen ($4.5 million as of June 30, 2013)
|
|
1.7%
|
|
Notes due April 2014 with annual principal payments that began in April 2008.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.3 billion yen
|
|
1.6 billion yen ($16.3 million as of June 30, 2012)
|
|
2.6%
|
|
Notes due September 2017 with annual principal payments that began in September 2011.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.2 billion yen
|
|
1.2 billion yen ($12.5 million as of June 30, 2013)
|
|
3.3%
|
|
Notes due January 2017 with annual principal payments that began in January 2011.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.0 billion yen
|
|
8.0 billion yen
($80.5 million as of June 30, 2013)
|
|
1.7%
|
|
Notes due May 2022 with annual principal payments that begin in May 2016.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Committed loan(2):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. dollar
denominated:
|
|
$30.0 million
|
|
$15.0 million
|
|
Variable 30 day: 1.192%
|
|
Amortizes at $0.5 million every 30 days.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revolving credit facility(3)
|
|
$35.0 million
|
|
$35.0 million
|
|
Variable 30 day: 0.70%
|
|
Revolving line of credit.
|
|
(1) |
The current portion of our long-term debt (i.e. becoming due in the next 12 months) includes $10.9 million of the balance of our Japanese yen-denominated debt under the multi-currency uncommitted shelf facility, $8.6 million of the balance on our U.S. dollar denominated debt under the multi-currency uncommitted shelf facility, $15.0 million of our committed loan and $35.0 million of our revolving loan. |
|
(2) |
The committed loan is secured by deeds of trust with respect to our corporate headquarters and distribution center in Provo, Utah. |
|
(3) |
On February 5, 2013, we entered into a second amendment of the amended and restated credit agreement. The amendment increased the commitment amount from $25.0 million to $100.0 million from February 2013 to February 2014, after which the commitment amount returns to the current level over a three-month period. |
Our board of directors has approved a stock repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase our outstanding shares of Class A common stock on the open market or in private transactions. The repurchases are used primarily to offset dilution from our equity incentive plans and for strategic initiatives. During the first half of 2013, we repurchased 0.4 million shares of Class A common stock under this program for $14.6 million. At June 30, 2013, $120.7 million was available for repurchases under the stock repurchase program. In July 2013 our board of directors authorized a $400.0 million extension of our ongoing share repurchase authorization.
In February and May 2013, our board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.30 per share. These quarterly cash dividends totaling $17.5 million and $17.6 million were paid on March 13, 2013 and June 12, 2013, to stockholders of record on February 22, 2013 and May 24, 2013, respectively. In July 2013, our board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.30 per share to be paid September 11, 2013 to stockholders of record on August 23, 2013. Currently, we anticipate that our board of directors will continue to declare quarterly cash dividends and that the cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund our future dividend payments. However, the continued declaration of dividends is subject to the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon various factors, including our net earnings, financial condition, cash requirements, future prospects and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors.
As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, we held $402.7 million and $320.0 million, respectively, in cash and cash equivalents, including $337.7 million and $248.7 million, respectively, held in our operations outside of the U.S. Substantially all of our non-U.S. cash and cash equivalents are readily convertible into U.S. dollars or other currencies. We typically fund the cash requirements of our operations in the U.S. through intercompany charges for products, license fees and corporate services. We currently plan to repatriate undistributed earnings from our foreign operations as necessary, considering the cash needs of our foreign operations and the cash needs of our U.S. operations for dividends, stock repurchases, capital investments, debt repayment and strategic transactions. In all but two jurisdictions, we have not designated our investments as indefinitely reinvested, but rather have these funds available for our operations in the U.S. as needed. Our cash and cash equivalents balance at June 30, 2013 includes $50.0 million in offshore jurisdictions associated with our indefinite reinvestment strategy. We do not believe that the indefinite reinvestment of these funds offshore impairs our ability to meet our domestic debt or working capital obligations. Any repatriation of non-U.S. earnings requires payment of U.S. taxes in accordance with applicable U.S. tax rules and regulations. Accordingly, we have accrued the necessary U.S. taxes related to the funds that are not indefinitely reinvested.
We believe we have sufficient liquidity to be able to meet our obligations on both a short- and long-term basis. We currently believe that existing cash balances, future cash flows from operations and existing lines of credit will be adequate to fund our cash needs on both a short- and long-term basis. The majority of our historical expenses have been variable in nature and as such, a potential reduction in the level of revenue would reduce our cash flow needs. In the event that our current cash balances, future cash flow from operations and current lines of credit are not sufficient to meet our obligations or strategic needs, we would consider raising additional funds in the debt or equity markets or restructuring our current debt obligations. Additionally, we would consider realigning our strategic plans, including a reduction in capital spending, stock repurchases or dividend payments.
Contingent Liabilities
We are currently involved in a dispute with customs authorities in Japan related to additional customs assessments on several of our Pharmanex nutritional products made by Yokohama Customs for the period of October 2006 through September 2009 in connection with post-importation audits, as well as the disputed portion of the Company's import duties from October 2009 to the present, which the Company has or will hold in bond or pay under protest. This dispute is separate and distinct from the dispute related to customs assessments on certain of the Company's products imported into Japan during the period of October 2002 through July 2005. The aggregate amount of these assessments and disputed duties was 4.3 billion Japanese yen as of June 30, 2013 (approximately $44.1 million), net of any recovery of consumption taxes. Additional assessments related to any prior period would be barred by applicable statutes of limitations. The issue in this case is whether a United States entity utilizing a commissionaire agent in Japan to import its products can use the manufacturer's invoice or must use another valuation method, and, if an alternative method must be used, what the allowable deductions would be in determining the proper valuation. Following our review of the assessments and after consulting with our legal and customs advisors, we believe that the additional assessments are improper and are not supported by applicable customs laws. We filed letters of protest with Yokohama Customs, which were rejected. We then appealed the matter to the Ministry of Finance in Japan. In the second quarter of 2011, the Ministry of Finance in Japan denied our administrative appeal. We disagree with the Ministry of Finance's administrative decision. We are now pursuing the matter in Tokyo District Court, which we believe will provide a more independent determination of the matter. In addition, we are currently required to post a bond or make a deposit equal to the difference between our declared duties and the amount the customs authorities have determined we should be paying on all current imports. Because we believe that the assessment of higher duties by the customs authorities is an improper application of the regulations, we are currently expensing the portion of the duties we believe is supported under applicable customs law, and recording the additional deposit or payment as a receivable within long-term assets on our consolidated financial statements. If we are unsuccessful in recovering the amounts assessed and paid, we will record a non-cash expense for the full amount of the disputed assessments. We anticipate that additional disputed duties will be reduced going forward as we now purchase a majority of the affected products in Japan from a Japanese company that purchases and imports the products from the manufacturer.
Critical Accounting Policies
There were no significant changes in our critical accounting policies during the quarter ended June 30, 2013.
Seasonality and Cyclicality
In addition to general economic factors, we are impacted by seasonal factors and trends such as major cultural events and vacation patterns. For example, most Asian markets celebrate their respective local New Year in the first quarter, which generally has a negative impact on that quarter. We believe that direct selling in Japan, the United States and Europe is also generally negatively impacted during the third quarter, when many individuals, including our distributors, traditionally take vacations.
We have experienced rapid revenue growth in certain new markets following commencement of operations. This initial rapid growth has often been followed by a short period of stable or declining revenue, followed by renewed growth fueled by product introductions and an increase in the number of Actives and increased distributor productivity. The contraction following initial rapid growth has been more pronounced in certain new markets, due to other factors such as business or economic conditions or distributor distractions outside the market.
Although our product launch process may vary by market, we generally introduce new products to our distributors and consumers in all markets where the products are registered, through limited-time offers in connection with global and regional distributor events. The limited-time offers typically generate significant distributor activity and a high level of purchasing, which may result in a higher than normal increase in revenue during the quarter of the limited-time offer and skew year-over-year and sequential comparisons.
Distributor Information
The following table provides information concerning the number of Actives and Sales Leaders as of the dates indicated. "Actives" are persons who have purchased products directly from the company during the three months ended as of the date indicated. "Sales Leaders" include our independent distributors who have completed and who maintain specified sales requirements, and our sales employees and contractual sales promoters in Mainland China, who have completed certain qualification requirements.
|
As of June 30, 2013
|
|
As of June 30, 2012
|
Region:
|
Actives
|
|
Sales Leaders
|
|
Actives
|
|
Sales Leaders
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Greater China
|
376,000
|
|
30,455
|
|
170,000
|
|
20,182
|
North Asia
|
389,000
|
|
17,372
|
|
337,000
|
|
14,370
|
South Asia/Pacific
|
114,000
|
|
7,120
|
|
99,000
|
|
8,856
|
Americas
|
176,000
|
|
6,954
|
|
170,000
|
|
5,994
|
EMEA
|
124,000
|
|
4,484
|
|
119,000
|
|
4,626
|
Total
|
1,179,000
|
|
66,385
|
|
895,000
|
|
54,028
|
Currency Risk and Exchange Rate Information
A majority of our revenue and many of our expenses are recognized outside of the United States, except for inventory purchases, which are primarily transacted in U.S. dollars from vendors in the United States. The local currency of each of our subsidiaries' primary markets is considered the functional currency. All revenue and expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange rates for the periods reported. Therefore, our reported revenue and earnings will be positively impacted by a weakening of the U.S. dollar and will be negatively impacted by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar. Given the large portion of our business derived from Japan, South Korea and Mainland China, any weakening of these currencies negatively impacts reported revenue and profits, whereas a strengthening of these currencies positively impacts our reported revenue and profits. Given the uncertainty of exchange rate fluctuations, it is difficult to predict the effect of these fluctuations on our future business, product pricing and results of operations or financial condition.
Foreign exchange risk is managed in certain jurisdictions through the use of foreign currency debt. Portions of our Japanese yen borrowings have been designated, and are effective as, economic hedges of the net investment in a foreign operation. Accordingly, foreign currency transaction gains or losses due to spot rate fluctuations on these debt instruments are included in foreign currency translation adjustment within other comprehensive income. Included in the cumulative translation adjustment are $2.8 million and $7.9 million of pretax net gains for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013 and $0.7 million and $1.7 million of pretax net gains for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2012, respectively from Japanese yen borrowings.
Additionally, we may seek to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates through the use of foreign currency exchange contracts and through intercompany loans of foreign currency. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We regularly monitor our foreign currency risks and periodically take measures to reduce the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations on our operating results. At June 30, 2013 and 2012, we held forward contracts designated as foreign currency cash flow hedges with notional amounts totaling approximately 2.9 billion Japanese yen ($29.2 million as of June 30, 2013) and approximately 3.7 billion Japanese yen ($46.3 million as of June 30, 2012), respectively, to hedge forecasted foreign-currency-denominated intercompany transactions. Because of our foreign exchange contracts at June 30, 2013, the impact of a 10% appreciation or 10% depreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Japanese yen would not represent a material potential loss in fair value, earnings or cash flows against these contracts. This potential loss does not consider the underlying foreign currency transaction or translation exposures to which we are subject.
Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q, in particular "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended that represent the company's current expectations and beliefs. All statements other than statements of historical fact are "forward-looking statements" for purposes of federal and state securities laws and include, but are not limited to, statements of management's expectations regarding our performance, initiatives, strategies, new products, opportunities and risks; statements of projections regarding future operating results and other financial items; statements of belief; and statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as "believe," "expect," "project," "anticipate," "estimate," "intend," "plan," "targets," "likely," "will," "would," "could," "may," "might," the negative of these words and other similar words. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. We caution and advise readers that these statements are based on certain assumptions that may not be realized and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations and beliefs contained herein. In addition to the risks and uncertainties disclosed or incorporated by reference in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, some of the risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results, performance and achievements, or industry results to differ materially from estimates or projections contained in our forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:
(a) Our operating results could be adversely affected if our business opportunities and incentives, products and other initiatives do not generate sufficient enthusiasm and economic incentive to retain our existing Actives and Sales Leaders or to attract new Actives and Sales Leaders on a sustained basis. In addition, in our more mature markets, one of the challenges we face is keeping Sales Leaders with established businesses and high income levels motivated and actively engaged in business building activities and in developing new Sales Leaders. There can be no assurance that our initiatives will continue to generate excitement among our Actives and Sales Leaders in the long-term or that planned initiatives will be successful in maintaining distributor activity and productivity or in motivating Sales Leaders to remain engaged in business building and developing new Sales Leaders. Some initiatives may have unanticipated negative impacts on our distributors, particularly changes to our sales compensation plan. The introduction of a new product or key initiative can also negatively impact other product lines to the extent our Sales Leaders focus their efforts on the new product or initiative. In addition, if any of our products fail to gain distributor acceptance, we could see an increase in returns.
(b) Distributor activities that violate applicable laws or regulations could result in government or third party actions against us. We continue to experience general inquiries and complaints to consumer centers in Japan regarding the activities of our distributors. Over the last few years, we have received warnings from local consumer centers raising concerns about the number of these general inquiries and complaints. We recently received a warning from a regional regulatory authority requesting that we take action to further reduce the level of complaints. Although we are implementing additional steps to reinforce our distributor education, training and compliance efforts in Japan, we cannot be sure that such efforts will be successful. If the current level of inquiries or complaints does not improve, there is an increased likelihood that the government could take action against us, including sanctions and/or suspensions, or that we could receive negative media attention, all of which could harm our business. In addition, our distributor education, training and compliance efforts in Japan may negatively impact sales.
(c) If direct selling regulations in Mainland China are modified, interpreted or enforced in a manner that results in negative changes to our business model or the imposition of a range of potential penalties, our business would be significantly negatively impacted. The nature of the political, regulatory and legal systems in Mainland China gives regulatory agencies at both the local and central levels of government broad discretion to interpret and enforce regulations as they deem appropriate to promote social order. We face a risk that regulators may change the way in which they currently interpret and enforce the direct selling regulations. If our business practices are found to be in violation of applicable regulations as they may be interpreted or enforced in the future, in particular our use of the sales productivity of a Sales Leader and the sales promoters and employees that such Sales Leader leads and supervises in setting his/her quarterly compensation level, then we could be sanctioned and/or required to change our business model, either of which could significantly harm our business.
(d) Our operations in Mainland China are subject to significant government scrutiny, and we could be subject to fines or other penalties if our sales force engages in activities that violate applicable laws and regulations. The legal system in Mainland China provides governmental authorities with broad latitude to conduct investigations. We anticipate that our business will continue to attract significant governmental scrutiny, particularly as our business grows and the number of sales employees and contractual sales promoters continues to increase. We face a risk that future investigations may result in fines or other more significant sanctions. In addition, our ability to expand our business in Mainland China could be negatively impacted if we are unable to obtain additional necessary national and local government approvals in Mainland China.
(e) If we are unable to effectively manage our rapid growth in Greater China, our operations could be harmed. Our rapid growth in Greater China has put significant pressure on our supply chain and other systems and resources in this region. This has caused us to take some measures to help alleviate this pressure, including staging the limited-time offering of ageLOC TR90 in the Greater China region over the third and fourth quarters of this year, rather than limiting the offering to September as originally planned. Our results could be negatively impacted by the extended timing of the limited-time offering if it reduces demand for ageLOC TR90 or increases cannibalization of our other products. We, along with our management team in the Greater China region, who have extensive experience with our business, continue to focus resources to successfully manage the necessary expansion of our management team, labor force, manufacturing operations, government relations efforts, and stores and service centers, including plans to triple our number of stores and sales support centers by 2015, and expand our manufacturing capabilities. Insufficient management of such growth could result in, among other things, product delays or shortages, operating mistakes and errors, inadequate customer service, inappropriate claims or promotions by our sales force, and governmental inquires and investigations, all of which could harm our revenue and ability to generate sustained growth and result in unanticipated expenses. In addition, we will need to continue to attract and develop qualified management personnel to sustain growth in this market. If we are not able to successfully retain existing personnel and identify, hire and integrate new personnel, our business and growth prospects could be harmed.
(f) Global economic conditions continue to be challenging. Even with continued growth in many of our markets, difficult economic conditions could adversely affect our business in the future by causing a decline in demand for our products, particularly if the economic conditions are prolonged or worsen. In addition, such economic conditions may adversely impact access to capital for us and our suppliers, may decrease the ability of our distributors and consumers to obtain or maintain credit cards, and may otherwise adversely impact our operations and overall financial condition.
(g) Due to the international nature of our business, we are exposed to the fluctuations of numerous currencies. We purchase inventory primarily in U.S. dollars. In preparing our financial statements, we translate revenue and expenses in our markets outside the United States from their local currencies into U.S. dollars using weighted average exchange rates. Our results could be negatively impacted if the U.S. dollar strengthens relative to these currencies. In addition, our business may be negatively impacted by inflation, currency exchange restrictions, pricing controls and currency devaluation, especially in countries such as Venezuela.
(h) Our business could be negatively impacted if we fail to execute our product launch process due to increased pressure on our supply chain, information systems and management. Although our product launch process may vary by market, we generally introduce new products to our distributors and consumers in all markets where the products are registered, through limited-time offers in connection with global and regional distributor events. The limited-time offers typically generate significant distributor activity and a high level of purchasing, which may result in a higher than normal increase in revenue during the quarter of the limited-time offer and skew year-over-year and sequential comparisons. We typically make a new product generally available within a year following the regional limited-time offers. We currently anticipate that the size of these limited-time offers may increase as our Actives grow and the percentage of Actives participating in these limited-time offers increases. However, we cannot be sure whether these limited-time offers will continue to generate distributor interest and participation, or what the short- and long-term impact will be on our business. We may experience difficulty effectively managing growth associated with these limited-time offers. In addition, the size and condensed schedule of these global product launches increases pressure on our supply chain. If we are unable to accurately forecast sales levels in each market, obtain sufficient ingredients or produce a sufficient supply to meet global demand, we may incur higher expedited shipping costs and we may experience stockouts, which could negatively impact the enthusiasm of our distributors and consumers. Conversely, if we over forecast demand for a global product launch, we could incur increased inventory write-offs. Our order processing systems could have difficulties handling the high volume of orders generated by limited-time offers. Although our previous limited-time offers have not materially affected our product return rate, these events may increase our product return rate in the future.
(i) There have been a series of third party actions and governmental actions involving some of our competitors in the direct selling industry. These actions have generated negative publicity for the industry and likely have resulted in increased regulatory scrutiny of other companies in the industry. Adverse rulings in any of these cases could harm our business if they create adverse publicity or interpret laws in a manner inconsistent with our current business practices.
(j) The network marketing, nutritional supplement and personal care industries are subject to various laws and regulations throughout our markets, many of which involve a high level of subjectivity and are inherently fact-based and subject to interpretation. In addition, negative publicity concerning supplements with controversial ingredients has spurred efforts to change existing regulations or adopt new regulations in order to impose further restrictions and regulatory control over the nutritional supplement industry. If our existing business practices or products, or any new initiatives or products, are challenged or found to contravene any of these laws by any governmental agency or other third party, or if there are any new regulations applicable to our business that limit our ability to market such products or impose additional requirements on us, our revenue and profitability may be harmed. For example, the FDA recently issued warning letters to several cosmetic companies alleging improper structure/function claims regarding their cosmetic products, including, for example, product claims regarding gene activity, cellular rejuvenation, and rebuilding collagen. In addition, plaintiffs' lawyers have filed class action lawsuits against some of our competitors following the warning letters. There can be no assurance that we will not be subject to similar governmental actions or class action lawsuits, which could harm our business.
(k) While we have not been required to register our Galvanic Spa facial unit, ageLOC Body Spa or Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner as medical devices in most of our markets, we were required to register our Galvanic Spa facial unit as a medical device in Indonesia, Thailand and Colombia. Any determination by regulatory authorities in our markets that these products must be registered as medical devices could restrict our ability to import or sell the product in such market until registration is obtained. The United States Food and Drug Administration (the "FDA") has refused admission of shipments of our Galvanic Spa facial units because the FDA believes it may require clearance as a medical device. While we disagree with the FDA, we have elected to suspend distribution of Galvanic Spa facial units in the United States. In September 2012, we filed an application for clearance of an alternative facial spa unit as a low-level medical device. We currently anticipate that this process could take a year or longer. If we face delays or challenges in getting clearance or resolving the matter with the FDA, our results in the United States could be negatively impacted.
(l) Production difficulties and quality control problems could harm our business, in particular our reliance on third party suppliers to deliver quality products in a timely manner. Occasionally, we have experienced production difficulties with respect to our products, including the delivery of products that do not meet our quality control standards. These quality problems have resulted in the past, and could result in the future, in stock outages or shortages in our markets with respect to such products, harming our sales and creating inventory write-offs for unusable products.
(m) Historically, most of our products have been imported from the United States into the countries in which they are ultimately sold. These countries impose various legal restrictions on imports and typically impose duties on our products. We may be subject to prospective or retrospective increases in duties on our products imported into our markets outside of the United States, which could adversely impact our results. As discussed above under the heading "Contingent Liabilities," we are currently appealing certain assessments of duties in Japan. In addition, we are currently required to post a bond or make a deposit for duties in excess of what we believe are supported by applicable customs law, and we record the additional deposit or payment as a receivable within long-term assets on our consolidated financial statements. If we are unsuccessful in recovering the amounts assessed and paid or held in bond, we will record a non-cash expense for the full amount of the disputed assessments.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The information required by Item 3 of Part I of Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference from the section entitled "Currency Risk and Exchange Rate Information" in "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation" of Part I and also in Note 4 to the Financial Statements contained in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act")). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2013.
Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting.
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the most recent fiscal quarter covered by this report, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. |
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
No updates to report. Please refer to our recent SEC filings, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 2012 fiscal year and subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for information regarding the status of certain legal proceedings that have been previously disclosed.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
No updates to report. Please refer to our recent SEC filings, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 2012 fiscal year and subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for a detailed discussion of risks associated with our business.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not Applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
Exhibits
Regulation S-K
Number Description
10.1 |
Amended and Restated Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 7, 2013). |
10.2 |
Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. 1996 Stock Incentive Plan. |
10.3 |
Amendment to the Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan. |
10.4 |
Form of Amended & Restated 2010 Plan Director Stock Option Grant Agreement. |
10.5 |
Form of Amended & Restated 2010 Plan Director Restricted Stock Unit Grant Agreement. |
31.1 |
Certification by M. Truman Hunt, President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002. |
31.2 |
Certification by Ritch N. Wood, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
32.1 |
Certification by M. Truman Hunt, President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
32.2 |
Certification by Ritch N. Wood, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
101.INS |
XBRL Instance Document |
101.SCH |
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
101.CAL |
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
101.DEF |
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
101.LAB |
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
101.PRE |
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
August 2, 2013
NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
By: |
/s/ Ritch N. Wood |
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Ritch N. Wood |
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Its: |
Chief Financial Officer |
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(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
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