Document

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.  20549
FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
þ
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016
or
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from            to

Commission File Number 1-8036
WEST PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania
23-1210010
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
 
 
530 Herman O. West Drive, Exton, PA
19341-0645
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 610-594-2900

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
þ
 
Accelerated filer
o
Non-accelerated filer
o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o No þ

As of September 30, 2016, there were 73,184,116 shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
 
Page
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
 
 
 
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
RISK FACTORS
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
EXHIBITS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.   FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)
West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
(In millions, except per share data)


 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Net sales
$
376.7

 
$
344.5

 
$
1,126.8

 
$
1,040.1

Cost of goods and services sold
255.6

 
236.2

 
749.1

 
703.9

Gross profit
121.1

 
108.3

 
377.7

 
336.2

Research and development
9.0

 
8.5

 
27.2

 
24.1

Selling, general and administrative expenses
58.3

 
54.6

 
178.9

 
170.6

Other expense (Note 12)
2.5

 
48.7

 
29.1

 
58.1

Operating profit (loss)
51.3

 
(3.5
)
 
142.5

 
83.4

Interest expense
2.2

 
3.7

 
6.7

 
11.2

Interest income
0.2

 
0.5

 
0.8

 
1.3

Income (loss) before income taxes
49.3

 
(6.7
)
 
136.6

 
73.5

Income tax expense (benefit)
14.4

 
(6.6
)
 
38.3

 
15.1

Equity in net income of affiliated companies
2.7

 
1.6

 
6.2

 
3.8

Net income
$
37.6

 
$
1.5

 
$
104.5

 
$
62.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income per share:
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

Basic
$
0.51

 
$
0.02

 
$
1.43

 
$
0.86

Diluted
$
0.50

 
$
0.02

 
$
1.40

 
$
0.85

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average shares outstanding:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Basic
73.3

 
72.2

 
73.0

 
71.9

Diluted
75.0

 
73.9

 
74.7

 
73.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends declared per share
$
0.13

 
$
0.12

 
$
0.37

 
$
0.34


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
(In millions)

 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Net income
$
37.6

 
$
1.5

 
$
104.5

 
$
62.2

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

Foreign currency translation adjustments
5.9

 
(13.5
)
 
15.9

 
(58.0
)
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plan adjustments, net of tax of $0.3, $11.4, $0.9 and $12.3, respectively
0.6

 
19.7

 
2.2

 
21.3

Net gains (losses) on derivatives, net of tax of $(0.1), $(0.1), $0.4 and $0.7, respectively
—

 
(0.4
)
 
0.7

 
1.5

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
6.5

 
5.8

 
18.8

 
(35.2
)
Comprehensive income
$
44.1

 
$
7.3

 
$
123.3

 
$
27.0


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
(In millions)
 
September 30,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
205.9

 
$
274.6

Accounts receivable, net
209.5

 
181.4

Inventories
201.1

 
181.1

Other current assets
41.6

 
36.6

Total current assets
658.1

 
673.7

Property, plant and equipment
1,551.1

 
1,440.3

Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
778.4

 
719.3

Property, plant and equipment, net
772.7

 
721.0

Investments in affiliated companies
81.4

 
61.3

Goodwill
105.2

 
104.6

Deferred income taxes
70.7

 
70.5

Intangible assets, net
24.4

 
37.6

Other noncurrent assets
22.8

 
26.4

Total Assets
$
1,735.3

 
$
1,695.1

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 

 
 

Current liabilities:
 

 
 

Notes payable and other current debt
$
2.6

 
$
69.3

Accounts payable
99.0

 
119.8

Pension and other postretirement benefits
5.7

 
5.6

Accrued salaries, wages and benefits
58.9

 
53.0

Income taxes payable
3.2

 
12.8

Other current liabilities
67.4

 
53.8

Total current liabilities
236.8

 
314.3

Long-term debt
228.6

 
228.9

Deferred income taxes
15.2

 
12.4

Pension and other postretirement benefits
62.5

 
62.0

Other long-term liabilities
49.9

 
53.6

Total Liabilities
593.0

 
671.2

 
 
 
 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)


 


 
 
 
 
Equity:
 
 
 
Preferred stock, 3.0 million shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding
—

 
—

Common stock, $0.25 par value; 100.0 million shares authorized; issued: 73.5 million and 72.4 million; outstanding: 73.2 million and 72.3 million
18.4

 
18.1

Capital in excess of par value
247.6

 
207.8

Retained earnings
1,041.9

 
964.6

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(143.8
)
 
(162.6
)
Treasury stock, at cost (0.3 million and 0.1 million shares)
(21.8
)
 
(4.0
)
Total Equity
1,142.3

 
1,023.9

Total Liabilities and Equity
$
1,735.3

 
$
1,695.1


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
(In millions)


 
Common Stock
 
Capital in Excess of Par Value
 
Treasury Stock
 
Retained earnings
 
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
 
Total
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2015
72.4

 
$
18.1

 
$
207.8

 
$
(4.0
)
 
$
964.6

 
$
(162.6
)
 
$
1,023.9

Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
104.5

 
—

 
104.5

Stock-based compensation
—

 
—

 
12.7

 
0.3

 
—

 
—

 
13.0

Shares issued under stock plans
1.2

 
0.3

 
16.9

 
8.7

 
—

 
—

 
25.9

Shares purchased under share repurchase program
—

 
—

 
—

 
(26.8
)
 
—

 
—

 
(26.8
)
Shares repurchased for employee tax withholdings
(0.1
)
 
—

 
(3.7
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3.7
)
Excess tax benefits from employee stock plans
—

 
—

 
13.9

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
13.9

Dividends declared
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(27.2
)
 
—

 
(27.2
)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
18.8

 
18.8

Balance, September 30, 2016
73.5

 
$
18.4

 
$
247.6

 
$
(21.8
)
 
$
1,041.9

 
$
(143.8
)
 
$
1,142.3


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
(In millions)

 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2016
 
2015
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
Net income
$
104.5

 
$
62.2

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Depreciation
65.9

 
63.6

Amortization
2.0

 
3.0

Stock-based compensation
14.1

 
24.4

Non-cash restructuring charges
15.9

 
—

Pension settlement charge
—

 
49.0

Other non-cash items, net
(3.7
)
 
(2.7
)
Changes in assets and liabilities
(51.1
)
 
(55.1
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
147.6

 
144.4

 
 
 
 
Cash flows from investing activities:
 

 
 

Capital expenditures
(122.7
)
 
(86.8
)
Purchase of cost-method investment
(8.4
)
 
—

Other, net
2.0

 
1.2

Net cash used in investing activities
(129.1
)
 
(85.6
)
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from financing activities:
 

 
 

Borrowings under revolving credit agreements
—

 
57.4

Repayments under revolving credit agreements
—

 
(57.4
)
Repayments of long-term debt
(69.2
)
 
(26.7
)
Dividend payments
(26.2
)
 
(23.7
)
Excess tax benefits from employee stock plans
13.9

 
4.2

Shares purchased under share repurchase program
(26.8
)
 
—

Shares repurchased for employee tax withholdings
(3.7
)
 
(5.6
)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and stock appreciation rights
21.8

 
9.7

Employee stock purchase plan contributions
2.8

 
2.3

Contingent consideration payments
(0.1
)
 
(0.1
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(87.5
)
 
(39.9
)
Effect of exchange rates on cash
0.3

 
(17.4
)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
(68.7
)
 
1.5

 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
274.6

 
255.3

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
205.9

 
$
256.8


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Note 1:  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation: The condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regulations. The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. In the opinion of management, these financial statements include all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for a fair statement of the financial position, results of operations, cash flows and the change in equity for the periods presented. The condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. (which may be referred to as “West”, “the Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”) appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 (“2015 Annual Report”). The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year.

Segment Reporting: Beginning in 2016, we changed our organization and reporting structure for our next phase of growth and development, which resulted in a change to Proprietary Products and Contract-Manufactured Products as our reportable segments. Segment results presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the impact of this change. Please refer to Note 15, Segment Information, for additional details.

Note 2:  New Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Standards

In September 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance that simplifies the accounting for measurement-period adjustments in business combinations, by eliminating the requirement to account for those adjustments retrospectively. Instead, the acquirer will be required to recognize measurement-period adjustments in the reporting period in which the amounts are determined. We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2016, on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued guidance on the accounting for fees paid by a customer in a cloud computing arrangement. We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2016, on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued amended guidance that changes the analysis that a reporting entity must perform to determine whether it should consolidate certain types of legal entities. We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2016, on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

In January 2015, the FASB issued guidance which removes the concept of extraordinary items from U.S. GAAP. This guidance eliminates the requirement for companies to spend time assessing whether items meet the criteria of being both unusual and infrequent. We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2016. The adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

In June 2014, the FASB issued guidance that clarifies the accounting for share-based payments in which the terms of the award provide that a performance target that affects vesting could be achieved after the requisite service period. In this case, the performance target would be required to be treated as a performance condition, and should not be reflected in estimating the grant-date fair value of the award. The guidance also addresses when to recognize the related compensation cost. We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2016. The adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

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Standards Issued Not Yet Adopted

In August 2016, the FASB issued guidance to reduce the diversity in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. Management is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on our financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued guidance that simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. Management is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on our financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued guidance that simplifies the transition to the equity method of accounting. This guidance eliminates the requirement to retroactively adopt the equity method of accounting when there is an increase in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016. Management believes that the adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on our financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance on the accounting for leases. This guidance requires lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and to expand disclosures about leasing arrangements, both qualitative and quantitative. In terms of transition, the guidance requires adoption based upon a modified retrospective approach. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Management is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on our financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued guidance that addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Management believes that the adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on our financial statements.

In July 2015, the FASB issued guidance regarding the subsequent measurement of inventory. This guidance requires inventory measured using any method other than last-in, first-out or the retail inventory method to be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value represents estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016. Management believes that the adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on our financial statements.

In August 2014, the FASB issued guidance which defines management's responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity's ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. This guidance is effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted. Management believes that the adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on our financial statements.


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In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance on the accounting for revenue from contracts with customers that will supersede most existing revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The core principle requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the guidance requires enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from an entity's contracts with customers. The FASB subsequently issued additional clarifying standards to address issues arising from implementation of the new revenue recognition standard. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted as of one year prior to the current effective date. Entities can choose to apply the guidance using either a full retrospective approach or a modified retrospective approach. Management is continuing to evaluate the impact that this guidance will have on our financial statements.
 
Note 3:  Net Income Per Share

The following table reconciles the shares used in the calculation of basic net income per share to those used for diluted net income per share:

 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(In millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Net income
$
37.6

 
$
1.5

 
$
104.5

 
$
62.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding
73.3

 
72.2

 
73.0

 
71.9

Dilutive effect of equity awards, based on the treasury stock method
1.7

 
1.7

 
1.7

 
1.7

Weighted average shares assuming dilution
75.0

 
73.9

 
74.7

 
73.6


During the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, there were 0.1 million and 0.8 million shares, respectively, not included in the computation of diluted net income per share because their impact was antidilutive. There were 0.1 million and 0.6 million antidilutive shares outstanding during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

In December 2015, we announced a share repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of up to 700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock from time to time on the open market or in privately-negotiated transactions as permitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 10b-18. The number of shares to be repurchased and the timing of such transactions will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions. The program commenced on January 1, 2016 and is expected to be completed by December 31, 2016. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company purchased 117,310 shares of its common stock under this program at a cost of $9.6 million, or an average price of $81.46 per share. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company purchased 370,810 shares of its common stock under this program at a cost of $26.8 million, or an average price of $72.14 per share.


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Note 4:  Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (on a first-in, first-out basis) or market. Inventory balances were as follows:
($ in millions)
September 30,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Raw materials
$
82.5

 
$
74.4

Work in process
32.2

 
30.1

Finished goods
86.4

 
76.6

 
$
201.1

 
$
181.1


Note 5:  Affiliated Companies

During the second quarter of 2016, we made an $8.4 million cost-method investment in an intradermal drug delivery company. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the aggregate carrying amount of investments in equity-method affiliates was $68.0 million and $56.3 million, respectively, and the aggregate carrying amount of cost-method investments was $13.4 million and $5.0 million, respectively. Please refer to Note 5, Affiliated Companies, to the consolidated financial statements in our 2015 Annual Report for additional details.

Note 6:  Debt

The following table summarizes our long-term debt obligations, net of current maturities and unamortized debt issuance costs. The interest rates shown in parentheses are as of December 31, 2015.

($ in millions)
September 30,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Euro note B, due February 27, 2016 (4.38%)
$
—

 
$
66.8

Term loan, due January 1, 2018 (1.74%)
35.4

 
37.1

Note payable, due December 31, 2019
0.2

 
0.2

Revolving credit facility, due October 15, 2020 (1.71%)
28.5

 
27.1

Series A notes, due July 5, 2022 (3.67%)
42.0

 
42.0

Series B notes, due July 5, 2024 (3.82%)
53.0

 
53.0

Series C notes, due July 5, 2027 (4.02%)
73.0

 
73.0

Total debt
232.1

 
299.2

Less: current portion of long-term debt
2.6

 
69.3

Less: unamortized debt issuance costs
0.9

 
1.0

Long-term debt, net
$
228.6

 
$
228.9


Please refer to Note 8, Debt, to the consolidated financial statements in our 2015 Annual Report for additional details regarding our debt agreements.

At September 30, 2016, we had $28.5 million in outstanding borrowings under our $300.0 million multi-currency revolving credit facility, of which $4.9 million was denominated in Japanese Yen (“Yen”) and $23.6 million was denominated in Euro. The total amount outstanding under this facility at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was classified as long-term. These borrowings, together with outstanding letters of credit of $3.0 million, resulted in a borrowing capacity available under this facility of $268.5 million at September 30, 2016. Please refer to Note 7, Derivative Financial Instruments, for a discussion of the foreign currency hedges associated with this facility.

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In addition, at September 30, 2016, we had $35.4 million outstanding under our five-year term loan due January 2018, of which $2.5 million was classified as current. Please refer to Note 7, Derivative Financial Instruments, for a discussion of the interest-rate swap agreement associated with this loan.

Note 7:  Derivative Financial Instruments

Our ongoing business operations expose us to various risks such as fluctuating interest rates, foreign exchange rates and increasing commodity prices. To manage these market risks, we periodically enter into derivative financial instruments such as interest rate swaps, options and foreign exchange contracts for periods consistent with and for notional amounts equal to or less than the related underlying exposures. We do not purchase or hold any derivative financial instruments for speculation or trading purposes. All derivatives are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value.

Interest Rate Risk
  
At September 30, 2016, we had a $35.4 million forward-start interest rate swap outstanding that hedges the variability in cash flows due to changes in the applicable interest rate of our variable-rate five-year term loan. Under this swap, we receive variable interest rate payments based on one-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus a margin in return for making monthly fixed interest payments at 5.41%. We designated this swap as a cash flow hedge.

Foreign Exchange Rate Risk

In 2015, we entered into a €20.0 million forward exchange contract, designated as a fair value hedge, to neutralize our exposure to fluctuating foreign exchange rates on a cross-currency intercompany loan. Changes in the fair value of this derivative are recognized within other expense and are offset by changes in the fair value of the underlying exposure being hedged.

In addition, in 2015 and 2016, we entered into the following foreign currency hedge contracts that were designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted transactions denominated in foreign currencies.

In 2015, we entered into a series of foreign currency contracts intended to hedge the currency risk associated with a portion of our forecasted U.S. dollar (“USD”)-denominated inventory purchases made by certain European subsidiaries. The remaining notional amount is €5.5 million ($6.1 million).

We also entered into a series of foreign currency contracts in 2015 to hedge the currency risk associated with a portion of our forecasted Euro-denominated sales of finished goods by one of our USD functional-currency subsidiaries. The remaining notional amount is €4.5 million ($4.9 million).

In 2016, we entered into a series of foreign currency contracts to hedge the currency risk associated with a portion of our forecasted Yen-denominated inventory purchases made by West in the U.S. The remaining notional amount is ¥355.1 million ($3.0 million).

We also entered into a series of foreign currency contracts in 2016 to hedge the currency risk associated with a portion of our forecasted Yen-denominated inventory purchases made by certain European subsidiaries. The remaining notional amount is ¥180.0 million ($1.6 million).


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At September 30, 2016, a portion of our debt consisted of borrowings denominated in currencies other than USD. We have designated our €21.0 million ($23.6 million) Euro-denominated borrowings under our multi-currency revolving credit facility as a hedge of our net investment in certain European subsidiaries. A cumulative foreign currency translation gain of $0.3 million pre-tax ($0.2 million after tax) on this debt was recorded within accumulated other comprehensive loss as of September 30, 2016. We have also designated our ¥500.0 million ($4.9 million) Yen-denominated borrowings under our multi-currency revolving credit facility as a hedge of our net investment in Daikyo Seiko, Ltd. (“Daikyo”). At September 30, 2016, there was a cumulative foreign currency translation loss on this Yen-denominated debt of $0.8 million pre-tax ($0.5 million after tax), which was also included within accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Commodity Price Risk

Many of our proprietary products are made from synthetic elastomers, which are derived from the petroleum refining process. We purchase the majority of our elastomers via long-term supply contracts, some of which contain clauses that provide for surcharges related to fluctuations in crude oil prices. The following economic hedges did not qualify for hedge accounting treatment since they did not meet the highly effective requirement at inception.

In February 2016, we purchased a series of call options for a total of 71,900 barrels of crude oil to mitigate our exposure to such oil-based surcharges and protect operating cash flows with regard to a portion of our forecasted elastomer purchases through December 2016. With these contracts we may benefit from a decline in crude oil prices, as there is no downward exposure other than the $0.2 million premium that we paid to purchase the contracts.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the gain recorded in cost of goods and services sold related to these call options was $0.1 million.


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Effects of Derivative Instruments on Financial Position and Results of Operations

The following tables summarize the effects of derivative instruments designated as hedges on other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and earnings, net of tax:

 
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI for
 
Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income for
 
Location of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
Cash Flow Hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency hedge contracts
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(0.4
)
 
Net sales
Foreign currency hedge contracts
(0.3
)
 
(0.3
)
 
—

 
—

 
Cost of goods and services sold
Interest rate swap contracts
—

 
(0.1
)
 
0.2

 
0.3

 
Interest expense
Forward treasury locks
—

 
—

 
0.1

 
0.1

 
Interest expense
Total
$
(0.3
)
 
$
(0.4
)
 
$
0.3

 
$
—

 
 
Net Investment Hedges:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
Foreign currency-denominated debt
$
(0.2
)
 
$
(0.8
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
Other expense
Total
$
(0.2
)
 
$
(0.8
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
 

 
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI for
 
Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income for
 
Location of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
Cash Flow Hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency hedge contracts
$
(0.3
)
 
$
1.4

 
$
0.1

 
$
(1.1
)
 
Net sales
Foreign currency hedge contracts
0.3

 
0.3

 
—

 
—

 
Cost of goods and services sold
Interest rate swap contracts
(0.2
)
 
(0.4
)
 
0.6

 
1.1

 
Interest expense
Forward treasury locks
—

 
—

 
0.2

 
0.2

 
Interest expense
Total
$
(0.2
)
 
$
1.3

 
$
0.9

 
$
0.2

 
 
Net Investment Hedges:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
Foreign currency-denominated debt
$
(1.3
)
 
$
4.7

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
Other expense
Total
$
(1.3
)
 
$
4.7

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
 

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, there was no material ineffectiveness related to our hedges.



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Table of Contents

Note 8:  Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The following fair value hierarchy classifies the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into one of three levels:

•
Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•
Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.
•
Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions.

The following tables present the assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis:

 
Balance at
 
Basis of Fair Value Measurements
($ in millions)
September 30,
2016
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred compensation assets
$
6.4

 
$
6.4

 
$
—

 
$
—

Foreign currency contracts
0.6

 
—

 
0.6

 
—

 
$
7.0

 
$
6.4

 
$
0.6

 
$
—

Liabilities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Contingent consideration
$
7.8

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
7.8

Deferred compensation liabilities
6.8

 
6.8

 
—

 
—

Interest rate swap contract
1.3

 
—

 
1.3

 
—

Foreign currency contracts
0.1

 
—

 
0.1

 
—

 
$
16.0

 
$
6.8

 
$
1.4

 
$
7.8


 
Balance at
 
Basis of Fair Value Measurements
($ in millions)
December 31,
2015
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred compensation assets
$
6.8

 
$
6.8

 
$
—

 
$
—

Foreign currency contracts
0.2

 
—

 
0.2

 
—

 
$
7.0

 
$
6.8

 
$
0.2

 
$
—

Liabilities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Contingent consideration
$
6.0

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
6.0

Deferred compensation liabilities
8.8

 
8.8

 
—

 
—

Interest rate swap contract
2.0

 
—

 
2.0

 
—

Foreign currency contracts
0.2

 
—

 
0.2

 
—

 
$
17.0

 
$
8.8

 
$
2.2

 
$
6.0



15
Table of Contents

Deferred compensation assets are included within other noncurrent assets and are valued using a market approach based on quoted market prices in an active market. The fair value of our foreign currency contracts, included within other current assets and other current liabilities, is valued using an income approach based on quoted forward foreign exchange rates and spot rates at the reporting date. The fair value of our contingent consideration, included within other current and other long-term liabilities, is discussed further in the section related to Level 3 fair value measurements. The fair value of deferred compensation liabilities is based on quoted prices of the underlying employees’ investment selections and is included within other long-term liabilities. Our interest rate swap, included within other long-term liabilities, is valued based on the terms of the contract and observable market inputs (i.e., LIBOR, Eurodollar synthetic forwards and swap spreads). Please refer to Note 7, Derivative Financial Instruments, for further discussion of our derivatives.

Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of the contingent consideration liability related to our SmartDose® electronic patch injector system (“SmartDose contingent consideration”) was initially determined using a probability-weighted income approach, and is revalued at each reporting date or more frequently if circumstances dictate. Changes in the fair value of this obligation are recorded as income or expense within other expense in our condensed consolidated statements of income. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the contingent consideration are the sales projections, the probability of success factors, and the discount rate. Significant increases or decreases in any of those inputs in isolation would result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement. As development and commercialization of SmartDose progresses, we may need to update the sales projections, the probability of success factors, and the discount rate used. This could result in a material increase or decrease to the contingent consideration liability.

The following table provides a summary of changes in our Level 3 fair value measurements:

 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2016
 
2015
Beginning balance
$
6.0

 
$
5.0

Increase in fair value recorded in earnings
1.9

 
0.8

Payments
(0.1
)
 
(0.1
)
Ending balance
$
7.8

 
$
5.7


Other Financial Instruments

We believe that the carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable approximate their fair values due to their near-term maturities.

The estimated fair value of long-term debt is based on quoted market prices for debt issuances with similar terms and maturities and is classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. At September 30, 2016, the estimated fair value of long-term debt was $240.4 million compared to a carrying amount of $228.6 million. At December 31, 2015, the estimated fair value of long-term debt was $225.0 million and the carrying amount was $228.9 million.

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Table of Contents


Note 9:  Stock-Based Compensation

On May 3, 2016, at our 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, our shareholders approved the adoption of the West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2016 Plan”). All remaining shares available for issuance under the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2011 Plan”) were extinguished upon adoption of the 2016 Plan. Awards granted under previous plans remain outstanding until expiration or settlement. The 2016 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards and performance awards to employees and non-employee directors. A committee of the Board of Directors determines the terms and conditions of awards to be granted. Vesting requirements vary by award. At September 30, 2016, there were 5,422,685 shares remaining in the 2016 Plan for future grants.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we granted 607,228 stock options at a weighted average exercise price of $63.75 per share based on the grant-date fair value of our stock to key employees under the 2011 and 2016 Plans. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted was $12.35 per share as determined by the Black-Scholes option valuation model using the following weighted average assumptions: a risk-free interest rate of 1.43%; expected life of 5.9 years based on prior experience; stock volatility of 21.6% based on historical data; and a dividend yield of 1.0%. Stock option expense is recognized over the vesting period, net of forfeitures.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we granted 114,029 performance vesting share (“PVS”) awards at a weighted average grant-date fair value of $60.37 per share to key employees under the 2011 and 2016 Plans. Each PVS award entitles the holder to one share of our common stock if the annual growth rate of revenue and return on invested capital targets are achieved over a three-year performance period. Shares earned under PVS awards may vary from 0% to 200% of an employee’s targeted award. The fair value of PVS awards is based on the market price of our stock at the grant date and is recognized as expense over the performance period, adjusted for estimated target outcomes and net of forfeitures.

Total stock-based compensation expense was $4.6 million and $14.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, stock-based compensation expense was $3.6 million and $24.4 million, respectively. Included in the 2015 year-to-date amount was a $10.4 million charge related to executive retirements, which was recorded within other expense. Refer to Note 12, Other Expense, for further discussion of this charge. The remainder of 2015 stock-based compensation expense was recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses.

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Table of Contents


Note 10:  Benefit Plans

The components of net periodic benefit cost for the three months ended September 30 were as follows ($ in millions):

 
Pension benefits
 
Other retirement benefits
 
Total
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Service cost
$
2.3

 
$
2.5

 
$
0.1

 
$
0.1

 
$
2.4

 
$
2.6

Interest cost
2.7

 
3.4

 
0.1

 
0.1

 
2.8

 
3.5

Expected return on assets
(3.1
)
 
(4.9
)
 
—

 
—

 
(3.1
)
 
(4.9
)
Amortization of prior service credit
(0.3
)
 
(0.3
)
 
—

 
—

 
(0.3
)
 
(0.3
)
Recognized actuarial losses (gains)
1.3

 
1.6

 
(0.3
)
 
(0.4
)
 
1.0

 
1.2

Settlements
—

 
49.0

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
49.0

Net periodic benefit cost
$
2.9

 
$
51.3

 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
(0.2
)
 
$
2.8

 
$
51.1


 
Pension benefits
 
Other retirement benefits
 
Total
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
U.S. plans
$
2.3

 
$
50.7

 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
(0.2
)
 
$
2.2

 
$
50.5

International plans
0.6

 
0.6

 
—

 
—

 
0.6

 
0.6

Net periodic benefit cost
$
2.9

 
$
51.3

 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
(0.2
)
 
$
2.8

 
$
51.1



The components of net periodic benefit cost for the nine months ended September 30 were as follows ($ in millions):

 
Pension benefits
 
Other retirement benefits
 
Total
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Service cost
$
7.6

 
$
8.0

 
$
0.4

 
$
0.4

 
$
8.0

 
$
8.4

Interest cost
7.9

 
11.2

 
0.3

 
0.3

 
8.2

 
11.5

Expected return on assets
(9.5
)
 
(16.3
)
 
—

 
—

 
(9.5
)
 
(16.3
)
Amortization of transition obligation
0.1

 
0.1

 
—

 
—

 
0.1

 
0.1

Amortization of prior service credit
(1.0
)
 
(1.0
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1.0
)
 
(1.0
)
Recognized actuarial losses (gains)
3.6

 
4.8

 
(1.0
)
 
(1.1
)
 
2.6

 
3.7

Settlements
—

 
49.0

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
49.0

Net periodic benefit cost
$
8.7

 
$
55.8

 
$
(0.3
)
 
$
(0.4
)
 
$
8.4

 
$
55.4


 
Pension benefits
 
Other retirement benefits
 
Total
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
U.S. plans
$
6.9

 
$
53.8

 
$
(0.3
)
 
$
(0.4
)
 
$
6.6

 
$
53.4

International plans
1.8

 
2.0

 
—

 
—

 
1.8

 
2.0

Net periodic benefit cost
$
8.7

 
$
55.8

 
$
(0.3
)
 
$
(0.4
)
 
$
8.4

 
$
55.4



18
Table of Contents

During the third quarter of 2015, we recorded a $49.0 million pension settlement charge, within other expense, in connection with our purchase of a group annuity contract from Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (“MetLife”) to settle $139.4 million of our $313.6 million outstanding pension benefit obligation under our U.S. qualified pension plan. MetLife assumed the obligation to pay future pension benefits and provide administrative services beginning November 1, 2015 for approximately 1,750 retirees and surviving beneficiaries who retired prior to January 1, 2015 and were receiving payments from this plan. The purchase was funded directly by plan assets.

In addition, we made contributions to the U.S. qualified pension plan in the amount of $1.3 million in September 2015 and $13.7 million in October 2015, in order to maintain the plan's funded status as of the transaction date.

Note 11:  Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
The following table presents the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016:

($ in millions)
Losses on
cash flow
hedges
 
Unrealized gains
on investment
securities
 
Defined benefit
pension and other
postretirement plans
 
Foreign
currency
translation
 
Total
Balance, December 31, 2015
$
(3.1
)
 
$
5.4

 
$
(39.6
)
 
$
(125.3
)
 
$
(162.6
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
(0.2
)
 
—

 
1.1

 
15.9

 
16.8

Amounts reclassified out
0.9

 
—

 
1.1

 
—

 
2.0

Other comprehensive income, net of tax
0.7

 
—

 
2.2

 
15.9

 
18.8

Balance, September 30, 2016
$
(2.4
)
 
$
5.4

 
$
(37.4
)
 
$
(109.4
)
 
$
(143.8
)


19
Table of Contents

A summary of the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss is presented in the following table ($ in millions):

 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
Location on Statement of Income
Detail of components
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Losses) gains on cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency contracts
 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
0.4

 
$
(0.2
)
 
$
1.3

 
Cost of goods and services sold
Interest rate swap contracts
 
(0.3
)
 
(0.4
)
 
(1.0
)
 
(1.7
)
 
Interest expense
Forward treasury locks
 
(0.1
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(0.2
)
 
(0.3
)
 
Interest expense
Total before tax
 
(0.5
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(1.4
)
 
(0.7
)
 
 
Tax expense
 
0.2

 
0.1

 
0.5

 
0.5

 
 
Net of tax
 
$
(0.3
)
 
$
—

 
$
(0.9
)
 
$
(0.2
)
 
 
Amortization of defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Transition obligation
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
(0.1
)
 
(a)
Prior service cost
 
0.3

 
0.3

 
1.0

 
1.0

 
(a)
Actuarial losses
 
(1.0
)
 
(50.2
)
 
(2.6
)
 
(52.7
)
 
(a)
Total before tax
 
(0.7
)
 
(49.9
)
 
(1.7
)
 
(51.8
)
 
 
Tax expense
 
0.2

 
18.5

 
0.6

 
19.1

 
 
Net of tax
 
$
(0.5
)
 
$
(31.4
)
 
$
(1.1
)
 
$
(32.7
)
 
 
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax
 
$
(0.8
)
 
$
(31.4
)
 
$
(2.0
)
 
$
(32.9
)
 
 

(a)     These components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost. Please refer to Note 10, Benefit Plans, for additional details.

Note 12:  Other Expense

Other expense consists of:
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Restructuring and related charges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Severance and post-employment benefits
$
1.4

 
$
—

 
$
7.8

 
$
—

Asset-related charges
0.9

 
—

 
15.9

 
—

Total restructuring and related charges
2.3

 
—

 
23.7

 
—

Pension settlement charge
—

 
49.0

 
—

 
49.0

Executive retirement and related costs
—

 
—

 
—

 
10.9

Venezuela currency devaluation
—

 
—

 
2.7

 
—

Development income
(0.4
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(1.2
)
 
(1.1
)
Contingent consideration costs
—

 
0.5

 
1.9

 
0.8

Other items
0.6

 
(0.5
)
 
2.0

 
(1.5
)
Total other expense
$
2.5

 
$
48.7

 
$
29.1

 
$
58.1



20
Table of Contents

Restructuring and Related Charges

On February 15, 2016, our Board of Directors approved a restructuring plan designed to repurpose several of our production facilities in support of growing high-value proprietary products and to realign operational and commercial activities to meet the needs of our new market-focused commercial organization.

We expect to incur total restructuring and related charges of $25.0 million to $28.0 million under this plan, which consists of approximately $8.0 million in severance charges for personnel reductions and $17.0 million to $20.0 million in non-cash asset write-downs. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded $2.3 million in restructuring and related charges, consisting of $1.4 million for severance charges and $0.9 million for a non-cash asset write-down associated with the discontinued use of certain equipment. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we incurred $23.7 million in restructuring and related charges, consisting of $7.8 million for severance charges, $10.0 million for a non-cash asset write-down associated with the discontinued use of a trademark, and $5.9 million for non-cash asset write-downs associated with the discontinued use of a patent and certain equipment. The balance of the charges related to this plan will be recognized as incurred during the remainder of 2016 and in 2017.

The following table presents activity related to our restructuring obligations:
($ in millions)
Severance
and benefits
Asset-related charges
Total
Balance, December 31, 2015
$
—

$
—

$
—

Charges
7.8

15.9

23.7

Cash payments
(1.6
)
—

(1.6
)
Non-cash asset write-downs
—

(15.9
)
(15.9
)
Balance, September 30, 2016
$
6.2

$
—

$
6.2


Other Items

During the third quarter of 2015, we recorded a $49.0 million pension settlement charge in connection with our purchase of a group annuity contract from MetLife. Please refer to Note 10, Benefit Plans, for additional details regarding this purchase.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we recorded a $10.9 million charge for executive retirement and related costs, including $2.4 million for a long-term incentive plan award for our previous Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), $8.0 million for the revaluation of modified outstanding awards to provide for continued vesting for our previous CEO and Senior Vice President of Human Resources in conjunction with their retirement, and $0.5 million for other costs, including relocation and legal fees.

On February 17, 2016, the Venezuelan government announced a devaluation of the Bolivar, from the previously-prevailing official exchange rate of 6.3 Bolivars to USD to 10.0 Bolivars to USD, and streamlined the previous three-tiered currency exchange mechanism into a dual currency exchange mechanism. As a result, during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a $2.7 million charge. After the remeasurement, as of September 30, 2016, we had $3.9 million in net monetary assets denominated in Venezuelan Bolivars, including $2.9 million in cash and cash equivalents, and $1.4 million in non-monetary assets. If there are further devaluations of the Bolivar or other changes in the currency exchange mechanisms in Venezuela in the future, a pre-tax charge of up to $6.0 million could be required. We will continue to actively monitor the political and economic developments in Venezuela.


21
Table of Contents

In addition, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recognized development income of $0.4 million and $1.2 million, respectively, within our Proprietary Products segment, related to a nonrefundable customer payment of $20.0 million received in June 2013 in return for the exclusive use of SmartDose within a specific therapeutic area. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, we recognized development income of $0.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2016, there was $14.8 million of unearned income related to this payment, of which $1.5 million was included in other current liabilities and $13.3 million was included in other long-term liabilities. The unearned income is being recognized as development income on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the agreement. The agreement does not include a future minimum purchase commitment from the customer.

Contingent consideration costs represent changes in the fair value of the SmartDose contingent consideration. Please refer to Note 8, Fair Value Measurements, for additional details.

Other items consist of foreign exchange transaction gains and losses, gains and losses on the sale of fixed assets, and miscellaneous income and charges.

Note 13:  Income Taxes

The tax provision for interim periods is determined using the estimated annual effective consolidated tax rate, based on the current estimate of full-year earnings before taxes, adjusted for the impact of discrete quarterly items. The provision for income taxes was $14.4 million and $38.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, and the effective tax rate was 29.3% and 28.1%, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a tax benefit of $0.7 million and $8.1 million, respectively, in connection with restructuring and related charges discussed in Note 12, Other Expense, as well as a discrete tax charge of $0.3 million resulting from the impact of a change in the enacted tax rate in the United Kingdom on our previously-recorded deferred tax asset balances.

During the three months ended September 30, 2015, we recorded a tax benefit of $6.6 million, which included a tax benefit of $17.9 million in connection with the $49.0 million pension settlement charge discussed in Note 10, Benefit Plans. The provision for income taxes was $15.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. In addition to the tax benefit on the pension settlement charge, our 2015 year-to-date results included a tax benefit $4.0 million in connection with a $10.9 million charge for executive retirement and related costs discussed in Note 12, Other Expense.

Note 14:  Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, we are involved in product liability matters and other legal proceedings and claims generally incidental to our normal business activities. We accrue for loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. While the outcome of current proceedings cannot be accurately predicted, we believe their ultimate resolution should not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

There have been no significant changes to the commitments and contingencies included in our 2015 Annual Report.



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Note 15:  Segment Information

In 2015, our business operations consisted of two reportable segments, the Pharmaceutical Packaging Systems segment (“Packaging Systems”) and the Pharmaceutical Delivery Systems segment (“Delivery Systems”). Beginning in 2016, we changed our organization and reporting structure for our next phase of growth and development, which resulted in a change to Proprietary Products and Contract-Manufactured Products as our reportable segments. The Proprietary Products reportable segment, which is a combination of the previous Packaging Systems segment and the proprietary products portion of the previous Delivery Systems segment, develops commercial, operational, and innovation strategies across our global network, with specific emphasis on product offerings to biologic, generic, and pharmaceutical customers. The Contract-Manufactured Products reportable segment, which consists of the contract manufacturing portion of the previous Delivery Systems segment, serves as a fully integrated business focused on the design, manufacture, and automated assembly of complex assemblies for pharmaceutical, diagnostic, and medical device customers.

Segment operating profit excludes general corporate costs, which include executive and director compensation, stock-based compensation, adjustments to annual incentive plan expense for over- or under-attainment of targets, certain pension and other retirement benefit costs, and other corporate facilities and administrative expenses not allocated to the segments. Also excluded are items that management considers not representative of ongoing operations. Such items are referred to as other unallocated items and generally include restructuring and related charges, certain asset impairments and other specifically-identified income or expense items.

The following table presents information about our reportable segments, reconciled to consolidated totals:
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Net sales:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proprietary Products
$
298.1

 
$
269.3

 
$
899.9

 
$
821.5

Contract-Manufactured Products
79.0

 
75.5

 
227.8

 
219.4

Intersegment sales elimination
(0.4
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(0.9
)
 
(0.8
)
Total net sales
$
376.7

 
$
344.5

 
$
1,126.8

 
$
1,040.1

Operating profit (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proprietary Products
$
57.5

 
$
49.5

 
$
185.6

 
$
161.3

Contract-Manufactured Products
8.9

 
8.3

 
25.6

 
22.7

Corporate
(12.8
)
 
(12.3
)
 
(42.3
)
 
(40.7
)
Other unallocated items
(2.3
)
 
(49.0
)
 
(26.4
)
 
(59.9
)
Total operating profit (loss)
$
51.3

 
$
(3.5
)
 
$
142.5

 
$
83.4

Interest expense
2.2

 
3.7

 
6.7

 
11.2

Interest income
0.2

 
0.5

 
0.8

 
1.3

Income (loss) before income taxes
$
49.3

 
$
(6.7
)
 
$
136.6

 
$
73.5


The intersegment sales elimination, which is required for the presentation of consolidated net sales, represents the elimination of components sold between our segments.


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Other unallocated items, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, consist of restructuring and related charges of $2.3 million and $23.7 million, respectively. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a charge of $2.7 million related to the devaluation of the Venezuelan Bolivar. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, we recorded a $49.0 million pension settlement charge in connection with our purchase of a group annuity contract from MetLife. In addition, the nine months ended September 30, 2015 includes a $10.9 million charge for executive retirement and related costs. Please refer to Note 12, Other Expense, for additional details of these items.

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ITEM 2.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

OVERVIEW

The following discussion is intended to further the reader’s understanding of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of our Company. It should be read in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our 2015 Annual Report. These historical financial statements may not be indicative of our future performance. This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains a number of forward-looking statements, all of which are based on our current expectations and could be affected by the uncertainties and risks discussed in Part I, Item 1A of our 2015 Annual Report and in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”).

Throughout this section, references to “Notes” refer to the footnotes to our condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited) in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q, unless otherwise indicated.

Non-U.S. GAAP Financial Measures

For the purpose of aiding the comparison of our year-over-year results, we may refer to net sales and other financial results excluding the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The constant-currency amounts are calculated by translating the current year’s functional currency results at the prior-year period’s exchange rate. We may also refer to consolidated operating profit and consolidated operating profit margin excluding the effects of unallocated items. The re-measured results excluding effects from currency translation and excluding the effects of unallocated items are not in conformity with U.S. GAAP and should not be used as a substitute for the comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures. The non-U.S. GAAP financial measures are incorporated into our discussion and analysis as management uses them in evaluating our results of operations, and believes that this information provides users a valuable insight into our results.

Our Operations

In 2015, our business operations consisted of two reportable segments, Packaging Systems and Delivery Systems. Beginning in 2016, we changed our organization and reporting structure for our next phase of growth and development, which resulted in a change to Proprietary Products and Contract-Manufactured Products as our reportable segments. The Proprietary Products reportable segment, which is a combination of the previous Packaging Systems segment and the proprietary products portion of the previous Delivery Systems segment, develops commercial, operational, and innovation strategies across our global network, with specific emphasis on product offerings to biologic, generic, and pharmaceutical customers. The Contract-Manufactured Products reportable segment, which consists of the contract manufacturing portion of the previous Delivery Systems segment, serves as a fully integrated business focused on the design, manufacture, and automated assembly of complex assemblies for pharmaceutical, diagnostic, and medical device customers. We also maintain global partnerships to share technologies and market products with affiliates in Japan and Mexico.

The information and discussion included in this Form 10-Q reflects the structure in place since January 1, 2016.

2016 Financial Performance Summary

Consolidated net sales increased by $32.2 million, or 9.4%, and $86.7 million, or 8.3%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2015, due to growth in our high-value product offerings. Excluding foreign currency translation effects, consolidated net sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased by $34.6 million, or 10.0%, and $99.3 million, or 9.5%, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2015.

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Consolidated gross profit increased by $12.8 million, or 11.8%, and $41.5 million, or 12.3%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2015, primarily as product mix improvements were partially offset by increased labor and overhead costs. Consolidated gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2016 was also affected by higher Yen-denominated material costs.

Net income per diluted share was $0.50 for the three months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to $0.02 in the same period in 2015. Results for the three months ended September 30, 2016 included restructuring and related charges and a discrete tax charge, which reduced net income per diluted share by $0.02 and $0.01, respectively, as compared to the same period in 2015. Results for the three months ended September 30, 2015 included a pension settlement charge, which reduced net income per diluted share by $0.42.

Net income per diluted share was $1.40 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to $0.85 in the same period in 2015. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 included restructuring and related charges, a charge related to the devaluation of the Venezuelan Bolivar, the impact of foreign currency translation, and a discrete tax charge, which reduced net income per diluted share by $0.21, $0.03, $0.03, and $0.01, respectively, as compared to the same period in 2015. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 included a pension settlement charge and a charge for executive retirement and related costs, which reduced net income per diluted share by $0.42 and $0.09, respectively.

At September 30, 2016, our cash and cash equivalents balance totaled $205.9 million and our borrowing capacity under our multi-currency revolving credit facility was $268.5 million.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

We evaluate the performance of our segments based upon, among other things, segment net sales and operating profit. Segment operating profit excludes general corporate costs, which include executive and director compensation, stock-based compensation, adjustments to annual incentive plan expense for over- or under-attainment of targets, certain pension and other retirement benefit costs, and other corporate facilities and administrative expenses not allocated to the segments. Also excluded are items that management considers not representative of ongoing operations. Such items are referred to as other unallocated items and generally include restructuring and related charges, certain asset impairments and other specifically-identified income or expense items.

Percentages in the following tables and throughout the Results of Operations section may reflect rounding adjustments.

Net Sales

The following table presents net sales, consolidated and by reportable segment, for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015:

 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
% Change
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
As-Reported
 
Ex-Currency
Proprietary Products
$
298.1

 
$
269.3

 
10.7
%
 
11.6
%
Contract-Manufactured Products
79.0

 
75.5

 
4.6
%
 
4.6
%
Intersegment sales elimination
(0.4
)
 
(0.3
)
 
—

 
—

Consolidated net sales
$
376.7

 
$
344.5

 
9.4
%
 
10.0
%


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Consolidated net sales increased by $32.2 million, or 9.4%, for the three months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $2.4 million. Excluding foreign currency translation effects, consolidated net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2016 increased by $34.6 million, or 10.0%, as compared to the same period in 2015. Consolidated net sales originating in the U.S. for the three months ended September 30, 2016 were $189.7 million, an increase of 12.2% from the same period in 2015. Consolidated net sales generated outside of the U.S. for the three months ended September 30, 2016 were $187.0 million, an increase of 6.6% from the same period in 2015. Excluding foreign currency translation effects, consolidated net sales generated outside of the U.S. for the three months ended September 30, 2016 increased by 8.0% from the same period in 2015.

Proprietary Products – Proprietary Products net sales increased by $28.8 million, or 10.7%, for the three months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $2.4 million. Excluding foreign currency translation effects, net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2016 increased by $31.2 million, or 11.6%, as compared to the same period in 2015, due to growth in our high-value product offerings, including our FluroTec®-coated components, our ready-to-use seals, stoppers, and plungers, and our Daikyo® and Daikyo® RSV (ready-to-sterilize validated) products. An improvement in product mix and higher sales volumes contributed 10.6 percentage points of the increase, and sales price increases contributed the remainder of the increase.

Contract-Manufactured Products – Contract-Manufactured Products net sales increased by $3.5 million, or 4.6%, for the three months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, primarily due to higher drug delivery and diagnostic product sales.

The intersegment sales elimination, which is required for the presentation of consolidated net sales, represents the elimination of components sold between our segments.

The following table presents net sales, consolidated and by reportable segment, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015:
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
% Change
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
As-Reported
 
Ex-Currency
Proprietary Products
$
899.9

 
$
821.5

 
9.5
%
 
11.1
%
Contract-Manufactured Products
227.8

 
219.4

 
3.8
%
 
3.7
%
Intersegment sales elimination
(0.9
)
 
(0.8
)
 
—

 
—

Consolidated net sales
$
1,126.8

 
$
1,040.1

 
8.3
%
 
9.5
%

Consolidated net sales increased by $86.7 million, or 8.3%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $12.6 million. Excluding foreign currency translation effects, consolidated net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased by $99.3 million, or 9.5%, as compared to the same period in 2015. Consolidated net sales originating in the U.S. for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were $552.0 million, an increase of 11.9% from the same period in 2015. Consolidated net sales generated outside of the U.S. for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were $574.8 million, an increase of 5.1% from the same period in 2015. Excluding foreign currency translation effects, consolidated net sales generated outside of the U.S. for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased by 7.4% from the same period in 2015.


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Proprietary Products – Proprietary Products net sales increased by $78.4 million, or 9.5%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $12.8 million. Excluding foreign currency translation effects, net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased by $91.2 million, or 11.1%, as compared to the same period in 2015, due to growth in our high-value product offerings, including our Daikyo and Daikyo RSV (ready-to-sterilize validated) products, our Westar® and FluroTec-coated components, and our ready-to-use seals, stoppers, and plungers. An improvement in product mix and higher sales volumes contributed 10.0 percentage points of the increase, and sales price increases contributed the remainder of the increase.

Contract-Manufactured Products – Contract-Manufactured Products net sales increased by $8.4 million, or 3.8%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, including a favorable foreign currency translation impact of $0.2 million. Excluding foreign currency translation effects, net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased by $8.2 million, or 3.7%, as compared to the same period in 2015, primarily due to higher drug delivery and diagnostic product sales, offset by lower consumer product sales.

The intersegment sales elimination, which is required for the presentation of consolidated net sales, represents the elimination of components sold between our segments.

Gross Profit

The following table presents gross profit and related gross profit margins, consolidated and by reportable segment:

 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Proprietary Products:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Profit
$
108.4

 
$
95.6

 
$
340.9

 
$
301.3

Gross Profit Margin
36.4
%
 
35.5
%
 
37.9
%
 
36.7
%
Contract-Manufactured Products:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Gross Profit
$
12.7

 
$
12.7

 
$
36.8

 
$
34.9

Gross Profit Margin
16.0
%
 
16.8
%
 
16.1
%
 
15.9
%
Consolidated Gross Profit
$
121.1

 
$
108.3

 
$
377.7

 
$
336.2

Consolidated Gross Profit Margin
32.1
%
 
31.4
%
 
33.5
%
 
32.3
%

Consolidated gross profit increased by $12.8 million, or 11.8%, and $41.5 million, or 12.3%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2015, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $0.6 million and $4.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. Consolidated gross profit margin increased by 0.7 margin points and 1.2 margin points for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2015.

Proprietary Products – Proprietary Products gross profit increased by $12.8 million, or 13.4%, and $39.6 million, or 13.1%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2015, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $0.6 million and $4.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. Proprietary Products gross profit margin increased by 0.9 margin points and 1.2 margin points for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2015, as product mix improvements and sales price increases were partially offset by increased labor and overhead costs. Proprietary Products gross profit margin for the three months ended September 30, 2016 was also affected by higher Yen-denominated material costs.


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Contract-Manufactured Products – Contract-Manufactured Products gross profit remained constant for the three months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015. Contract-Manufactured Products gross profit margin decreased by 0.8 margin points for the three months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, primarily due to increased labor and overhead costs.

Contract-Manufactured Products gross profit increased by $1.9 million, or 5.4%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015. Contract-Manufactured Products gross profit margin increased by 0.2 margin points for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, as a favorable mix of product sales and lower raw material costs were partially offset by increased labor and overhead costs.

Research and Development (“R&D”) Costs

The following table presents R&D costs, consolidated and by reportable segment:

 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Proprietary Products
$
9.0

 
$
8.5

 
$
27.2

 
$
24.1

Contract-Manufactured Products
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Consolidated R&D Costs
$
9.0

 
$
8.5

 
$
27.2

 
$
24.1


Consolidated R&D costs increased by $0.5 million, or 5.9%, and $3.1 million, or 12.9%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2015, due to continued investment in advanced delivery and container systems, process technology, and formulation development.

All of the R&D costs incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 related to Proprietary Products.

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Costs

The following table presents SG&A costs, consolidated and by reportable segment and corporate:

 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Proprietary Products
$
41.7

 
$
38.0

 
$
125.0

 
$
117.8

Contract-Manufactured Products
3.8

 
4.3

 
11.6

 
12.1

Corporate
12.8

 
12.3

 
42.3

 
40.7

Consolidated SG&A costs
$
58.3

 
$
54.6

 
$
178.9

 
$
170.6

SG&A as a % of net sales
15.5
%
 
15.8
%
 
15.9
%
 
16.4
%

Consolidated SG&A costs increased by $3.7 million, or 6.8%, and $8.3 million, or 4.9%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2015, including the impact of foreign currency translation, which decreased SG&A costs by $0.2 million and $1.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.

Proprietary Products – Proprietary Products SG&A costs increased by $3.7 million, or 9.7%, and $7.2 million, or 6.1%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, as compared to the same periods in

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2015, due to increases in compensation and information system maintenance costs. Foreign currency translation decreased Proprietary Products SG&A costs by $0.2 million and $1.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.

Contract-Manufactured Products – Contract-Manufactured Products SG&A costs decreased by $0.5 million, or 11.6%, and $0.5 million, or 4.1%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the same periods in 2015, due to decreases in compensation and travel costs.

Corporate – Corporate SG&A costs increased by $0.5 million, or 4.1%, for the three months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, due to increases in stock-based compensation expense and U.S. pension costs, partially offset by a decrease in incentive compensation costs.

Corporate SG&A costs increased by $1.6 million, or 3.9%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, due to increases in U.S. pension costs and compensation costs, partially offset by a decrease in incentive compensation costs.

Other Expense

The following table presents other income and expense items, consolidated and by reportable segment and unallocated items:

Expense (income)
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Proprietary Products
$
0.2

 
$
(0.4
)
 
$
3.1

 
$
(1.9
)
Contract-Manufactured Products
—

 
0.1

 
(0.4
)
 
0.1

Unallocated items
2.3

 
49.0

 
26.4

 
59.9

Consolidated other expense
$
2.5

 
$
48.7

 
$
29.1

 
$
58.1


Other income and expense items, consisting of foreign exchange transaction gains and losses, gains and losses on the sale of fixed assets, development income, contingent consideration costs, and miscellaneous income and charges, are generally recorded within segment results.

Consolidated other expense decreased by $46.2 million and $29.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2015.

Proprietary Products – Proprietary Products other expense increased by $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, due to losses on the sale of fixed assets recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2016.

Proprietary Products other expense increased by $5.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, due to foreign exchange transaction losses and increased contingent consideration costs.

Contract-Manufactured Products – Contract-Manufactured Products other income increased by $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, due to gains on the sale of fixed assets recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.


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Unallocated items – During the three months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded $2.3 million in restructuring and related charges, consisting of $1.4 million for severance charges and $0.9 million for a non-cash asset write-down associated with the discontinued use of certain equipment. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we incurred $23.7 million in restructuring and related charges, consisting of $7.8 million for severance charges, $10.0 million for a non-cash asset write-down associated with the discontinued use of a trademark, and $5.9 million for non-cash asset write-downs associated with the discontinued use of a patent and certain equipment. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a charge of $2.7 million related to the devaluation of the Venezuelan Bolivar. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, we recorded a pension settlement charge of $49.0 million in connection with our purchase of a group annuity contract from MetLife. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we recorded a $10.9 million charge for executive retirement and related costs. Please refer to Note 12, Other Expense, for further discussion of these items.

Operating Profit

The following table presents adjusted operating profit, consolidated and by reportable segment, corporate and unallocated items:

 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Proprietary Products
$
57.5

 
$
49.5

 
$
185.6

 
$
161.3

Contract-Manufactured Products
8.9

 
8.3

 
25.6

 
22.7

Corporate
(12.8
)
 
(12.3
)
 
(42.3
)
 
(40.7
)
Adjusted consolidated operating profit
$
53.6

 
$
45.5

 
$
168.9

 
$
143.3

Adjusted consolidated operating profit margin
14.2
%
 
13.2
 %
 
15.0
%
 
13.8
%
Unallocated items
(2.3
)
 
(49.0
)
 
(26.4
)
 
(59.9
)
Consolidated operating profit (loss)
$
51.3

 
$
(3.5
)
 
$
142.5

 
$
83.4

Consolidated operating profit (loss) margin
13.6
%
 
(1.0
)%
 
12.6
%
 
8.0
%

Consolidated operating profit (loss) increased by $54.8 million and $59.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2015, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $0.5 million and $3.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.

Proprietary Products – Proprietary Products operating profit increased by $8.0 million, or 16.2%, and $24.3 million, or 15.1%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2015, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $0.5 million and $3.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, due to the factors described above.

Contract-Manufactured Products – Contract-Manufactured Products operating profit increased by $0.6 million, or 7.2%, and $2.9 million, or 12.8%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2015, due to the factors described above.

Corporate – Corporate costs increased by $0.5 million, or 4.1%, and $1.6 million, or 3.9%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2015, due to the factors described above.


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Unallocated items – Please refer to the Other Expense section for details.

Excluding the unallocated items, our adjusted consolidated operating profit margin increased by 1.0 margin points and 1.2 margin points for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2015.

Interest Expense, Net

The following table presents interest expense, net, by significant component:

 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Interest expense
$
3.0

 
$
4.0

 
$
9.0

 
$
12.2

Capitalized interest
(0.8
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(2.3
)
 
(1.0
)
Interest income
(0.2
)
 
(0.5
)
 
(0.8
)
 
(1.3
)
Interest expense, net
$
2.0

 
$
3.2

 
$
5.9

 
$
9.9


Interest expense, net, decreased by $1.2 million, or 37.5%, and $4.0 million, or 40.4%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2015, due to lower interest expense resulting from less debt outstanding during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the same periods in 2015, and increases in capitalized interest resulting from ongoing capital projects, including the construction of our new facility in Waterford, Ireland.

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes was $14.4 million and $38.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, and the effective tax rate was 29.3% and 28.1%, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a tax benefit of $0.7 million and $8.1 million, respectively, in connection with the restructuring and related charges discussed in Note 12, Other Expense, as well as a discrete tax charge of $0.3 million resulting from the impact of a change in the enacted tax rate in the United Kingdom on our previously-recorded deferred tax asset balances.

During the three months ended September 30, 2015, we recorded a tax benefit of $6.6 million, which included a tax benefit of $17.9 million in connection with the $49.0 million pension settlement charge discussed in Note 10, Benefit Plans. The provision for income taxes was $15.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. In addition to the tax benefit on the pension settlement charge, our 2015 year-to-date results included a tax benefit of $4.0 million in connection with the $10.9 million charge for the executive retirement and related costs discussed in Note 12, Other Expense.

Equity in Net Income of Affiliated Companies

Equity in net income of affiliated companies represents the contribution to earnings from our 25% ownership interest in Daikyo and our 49% ownership interest in four companies in Mexico. Equity in net income of affiliated companies increased by $1.1 million, or 68.8%, and $2.4 million, or 63.2%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2015, due to favorable operating results at Daikyo.


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Net Income

Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2016 was $37.6 million, which included restructuring and related charges of $1.6 million (net of $0.7 million in tax) and a discrete tax charge of $0.3 million. Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was $1.5 million, which included a pension settlement charge of $31.1 million (net of $17.9 million in tax).

Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was $104.5 million, which included restructuring and related charges of $15.6 million (net of $8.1 million in tax), a charge related to the devaluation of the Venezuelan Bolivar of $2.7 million, and a discrete tax charge of $0.3 million. Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $62.2 million, which included a pension settlement charge of $31.1 million (net of $17.9 million in tax) and a charge for executive retirement and related costs of $6.9 million (net of $4.0 million in tax).

FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash Flows

The following table presents cash flow data for the nine months ended September 30:

($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
147.6

 
$
144.4

Net cash used in investing activities
$
(129.1
)
 
$
(85.6
)
Net cash used in financing activities
$
(87.5
)
 
$
(39.9
)

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities – Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, due to improved operating results and a decrease in pension plan contributions, partially offset by higher working capital requirements and an increase in income tax payments.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities – Net cash used in investing activities increased by $43.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, due to an increase in capital spending, to $122.7 million, and our $8.4 million cost-method investment in an intradermal drug delivery company. The capital spending for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 consisted of spending for new products, expansion activity, and emerging markets, including the construction of our new facility in Waterford, Ireland.

Net Cash Used in Financing Activities – Net cash used in financing activities increased by $47.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, due to net debt repayments of $69.2 million, which included the maturity of our Euro note B, and $26.8 million in purchases under the share repurchase program announced in December 2015, partially offset by increases in proceeds and excess tax benefits from employee stock plans. Please refer to Note 3, Net Income Per Share, for further discussion of the share repurchase program.


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Liquidity and Capital Resources

The table below presents selected liquidity and capital measures:

($ in millions)
September 30,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Cash and cash equivalents
$
205.9

 
$
274.6

Working capital
$
421.3

 
$
359.4

Total debt
$
231.2

 
$
298.2

Total equity
$
1,142.3

 
$
1,023.9

Net debt-to-total invested capital
2.2
%
 
2.3
%

Cash and cash equivalents include all instruments that have maturities of ninety days or less when purchased. Working capital is defined as current assets less current liabilities. Net debt is defined as total debt less cash and cash equivalents, and total invested capital is defined as the sum of net debt and total equity. Net debt and total invested capital are non-U.S. GAAP financial measures that should not be used as a substitute for the comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures. The non-U.S. GAAP financial measures are incorporated into our discussion and analysis as management believes that this information provides users a valuable insight into our overall performance and financial position.

Cash and cash equivalents – Our cash and cash equivalents balance at September 30, 2016 consisted of cash held in depository accounts with banks around the world and cash invested in high-quality, short-term investments. The cash and cash equivalents balance at September 30, 2016 included $70.5 million of cash held by subsidiaries within the U.S., and $135.4 million of cash held by subsidiaries outside of the U.S. Deferred income taxes have not been provided for any funds held by subsidiaries outside of the U.S., as such earnings are intended to be reinvested indefinitely outside of the U.S.

Working capital – Working capital at September 30, 2016 increased by $61.9 million, or 17.2%, as compared to December 31, 2015, including an increase of $2.0 million due to foreign currency translation. Excluding the impact of currency exchange rates, cash and cash equivalents decreased by $69.0 million, accounts receivable and inventories increased by $26.0 million and $17.1 million, respectively, and total current liabilities decreased by $81.1 million. Accounts receivable and inventories increased due to increased sales activity and timing, as accounts receivable and inventories are typically lower at year-end due to plant shutdowns. The decrease in current liabilities was primarily due to the maturity of our Euro note B between those period ends.

Debt and credit facilities – The $67.0 million decrease in total debt at September 30, 2016, as compared to December 31, 2015, resulted from net debt repayments of $69.2 million, which included the maturity of our Euro note B, partially offset by foreign currency rate fluctuations of $2.1 million and a reduction of $0.1 million in unamortized debt issuance costs.

Our sources of liquidity include our $300.0 million multi-currency revolving credit facility. At September 30, 2016, we had $28.5 million in outstanding borrowings under this facility, of which $4.9 million was denominated in Yen and $23.6 million was denominated in Euro. The total amount outstanding under this facility at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was classified as long-term. These borrowings, together with outstanding letters of credit of $3.0 million, resulted in a borrowing capacity available under this facility of $268.5 million at September 30, 2016. We do not expect any significant limitations on our ability to access this source of funds.

Pursuant to the financial covenants in our debt agreements, we are required to maintain established interest coverage ratios and to not exceed established leverage ratios. In addition, the agreements contain other customary covenants, none of which we consider restrictive to our operations. At September 30, 2016, we were in compliance with all of our debt covenants.


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We believe that cash on hand and cash generated from operations, together with availability under our multi-currency revolving credit facility, will be adequate to address our foreseeable liquidity needs based on our current expectations of our business operations, capital expenditures and scheduled payments of debt obligations.

Commitments and Contractual Obligations

A table summarizing the amounts and estimated timing of future cash payments resulting from commitments and contractual obligations was provided in our 2015 Annual Report. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, there were no material changes outside of the ordinary course of business to our commitments and contractual obligations.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

At September 30, 2016, we had no off-balance sheet financing arrangements other than operating leases, unconditional purchase obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business, and outstanding letters of credit related to various insurance programs, as noted in our 2015 Annual Report.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

There have been no changes to the Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates disclosed in Part II, Item 7 of our 2015 Annual Report.

NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

For information on new accounting standards that were adopted, and those issued but not yet adopted, during the three months ended September 30, 2016, and the impact, if any, on our financial position or results of operations, see Note 2, New Accounting Standards.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Our disclosure and analysis in this Form 10-Q contains some forward-looking statements that are based on management's beliefs and assumptions, current expectations, estimates and forecasts. We also provide forward-looking statements in other materials we release to the public, as well as oral forward-looking statements. Such statements provide our current expectations or forecasts of future events. They do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. We have attempted, wherever possible, to identify forward-looking statements by using words such as “plan,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” “will,” “anticipate,” “estimate” and other words of similar meaning in conjunction with, among other things, discussions of future operations and financial performance, as well as our strategy for growth, product development, market position and expenditures.  All statements that address operating performance or events or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future - including statements relating to sales and earnings per share growth, cash flows or uses, and statements expressing views about future operating results - are forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations of future events. The forward-looking statements are, and will be, based on management’s then-current views and assumptions regarding future events and operating performance, and speak only as of their dates. Investors should realize that, if underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results could vary materially from our expectations and projections. Investors are therefore cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements.


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The following are some important factors that could cause our actual results to differ from our expectations in any forward-looking statements:
•
sales demand and our ability to meet that demand;
•
competition from other providers in our businesses, including customers’ in-house operations, and from lower-cost producers in emerging markets, which can impact unit volume, price and profitability;
•
customers’ changing inventory requirements and manufacturing plans that alter existing orders or ordering patterns for the products we supply to them;
•
the timing, regulatory approval and commercial success of customer products that incorporate our products and systems;
•
whether customers agree to incorporate West’s products and delivery systems with their new and existing drug products, the ultimate timing and successful commercialization of those products and systems, which involves substantial evaluations of the functional, operational, clinical and economic viability of the Company’s products, and the rate, timing and success of regulatory approval for the drug products that incorporate the Company’s components and systems;
•
the timely and adequate availability of filling capacity, which is essential to conducting definitive stability trials and the timing of first commercialization of customers’ products in Daikyo Crystal Zenith® prefilled syringes;
•
average profitability, or mix, of products sold in any reporting period, including lower-than-expected sales growth of our high-value proprietary product offerings;
•
maintaining or improving production efficiencies and overhead absorption;
•
dependence on third-party suppliers and partners, some of which are single-source suppliers of critical materials and products, including our Japanese partner and affiliate, Daikyo;
•
the loss of key personnel or highly-skilled employees;
•
the availability and cost of skilled employees required to meet increased production, managerial, research and other needs, including professional employees and persons employed under collective bargaining agreements;
•
interruptions or weaknesses in our supply chain, which could cause delivery delays or restrict the availability of raw materials, key purchased components and finished products;
•
the successful and timely implementation of price increases necessary to offset rising production costs, including raw material prices, particularly petroleum-based raw materials;
•
the cost and progress of development, regulatory approval and marketing of new products;
•
our ability to obtain and maintain licenses in any jurisdiction in which we do business;
•
the relative strength of USD in relation to other currencies, particularly the Euro, the Danish Krone, the Singapore Dollar, Yen, Venezuelan Bolivar, Colombian and Argentinian Peso, and Brazilian Real; and
•
the potential adverse effects of global healthcare legislation on customer demand, product pricing and profitability.


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This list sets forth many, but not all, of the factors that could affect our ability to achieve results described in any forward-looking statements. Investors should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all of the factors and should not consider this list to be a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties. For further discussion of these and other factors, see the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our 2015 Annual Report. Except as required by law or regulation, we do not intend to update any forward-looking statements.

ITEM 3.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There have been no material changes in our exposure to market risk or the information provided in Part II, Item 7A of our 2015 Annual Report.

ITEM 4.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure controls are controls and procedures designed to reasonably ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this quarterly report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our disclosure controls include some, but not all, components of our internal control over financial reporting.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of September 30, 2016, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Controls
During the quarter ended September 30, 2016, there have been no changes to our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS

There are no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our 2015 Annual Report.

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ITEM 2.  UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table shows information with respect to purchases of our common stock made during the three months ended September 30, 2016 by us or any of our “affiliated purchasers” as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act. Dollars are shown in millions, except per share data.

Period
 
Total number of shares purchased (1)(2)
 
Average price paid per share (1)(2)
 
Total number of shares purchased as
part of publicly
announced plans or
programs (2)
 
Maximum number (or approximate dollar value)
of shares that may
yet be purchased
under the plans or
programs (2)
July 1 – 31, 2016
 
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
446,500

August 1 – 31, 2016
 
80,190

 
81.40

 
80,000

 
366,500

September 1 – 30, 2016
 
37,420

 
81.56

 
37,310

 
329,190

Total
 
117,610

 
$
81.45

 
117,310

 
329,190


(1)
Includes 300 shares purchased on behalf of employees enrolled in the Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan for Designated Employees (Amended and Restated Effective January 1, 2008). Under the plan, Company match contributions are delivered to the plan’s investment administrator, who then purchases shares in the open market and credits the shares to individual plan accounts.

(2)
In December 2015, we announced a share repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of up to 700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock from time to time on the open market or in privately- negotiated transactions as permitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 10b-18. The number of shares to be repurchased and the timing of such transactions will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions. The program commenced on January 1, 2016 and is expected to be completed by December 31, 2016. During the third quarter of 2016, the Company purchased 117,310 shares of its common stock under this program at a cost of $9.6 million, or an average price of $81.46 per share. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company purchased 370,810 shares of its common stock under this program at a cost of $26.8 million, or an average price of $72.14 per share.

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ITEM 6.  EXHIBITS


The list of exhibits in the Exhibit Index to this report is incorporated herein by reference.

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

WEST PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES, INC.
(Registrant)




By: /s/ William J. Federici
William J. Federici
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer



October 31, 2016

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit #
Description
3.1
Our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation are incorporated by reference from our Form 10-Q report for the quarter ended March 31, 2015.
3.2
Our Bylaws, as amended through May 5, 2015, are incorporated by reference from our Form 10-Q report for the quarter ended March 31, 2015.
4.1
Form of stock certificate for common stock is incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K dated May 6, 1999.
4.2
Article 5, 6, 8(c) and 9 of our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation are incorporated by reference from our Form 10-Q report for the quarter ended March 31, 2015.
4.3
Article I and V of our Bylaws, as amended through May 5, 2015, are incorporated by reference from our Form 10-Q report for the quarter ended March 31, 2015.
4.4
Instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt securities of West and its subsidiaries have been omitted. (1)
10.1
Employment Agreement, dated August 28, 2016 between David Montecalvo and us.
10.2
Agreement, dated August 16, 2016 to amend Agreement by and between the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company and us. (2)

31.1
Certification by the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2
Certification by the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*
Certification by the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*
Certification by the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document


(1) We agree to furnish to the SEC, upon request, a copy of each instrument with respect to issuances of long-term debt of the Company and its subsidiaries.

 (2) Certain portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a confidential treatment request submitted to the SEC.

* Furnished, not filed.

F-1