Document
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
 
(Mark One)
x
Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended July 31, 2018
OR
¨
Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Commission File Number: 001-32224
 
 
salesforce.com, inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
 
Delaware
94-3320693
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
The Landmark @ One Market, Suite 300
San Francisco, California 94105
(Address of principal executive offices)
Telephone Number (415) 901-7000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days:    Yes  x   No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x   No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer  x
Accelerated filer
¨
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer   ¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
¨
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.     ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨   No  x
As of July 31, 2018, there were approximately 756.7 million shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding.


Table of Contents


INDEX
 
 
 
Page No.
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
Item 1A.
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
Item 5.
 
 
 
Item 6.



2

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
salesforce.com, inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in millions)
(unaudited) 
 
July 31,
2018
 
January 31, 2018 (as adjusted)
Assets
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
2,319

 
$
2,543

Marketable securities
1,108

 
1,978

Accounts receivable, net
1,980

 
3,921

Costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts, net
669

 
671

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
726

 
471

Total current assets
6,802

 
9,584

Property and equipment, net
1,986

 
1,947

Costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts, noncurrent, net
999

 
1,105

Capitalized software, net
145

 
146

Strategic investments
1,202

 
677

Goodwill
12,254

 
7,314

Intangible assets acquired through business combinations, net
1,976

 
827

Other assets, net
459

 
384

Total assets
$
25,823

 
$
21,984

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
$
2,083

 
$
2,047

Unearned revenue
5,883

 
6,995

Current portion of debt
503

 
1,025

Total current liabilities
8,469

 
10,067

Noncurrent debt
3,173

 
695

Other noncurrent liabilities
653

 
846

Total liabilities
12,295

 
11,608

Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Common stock
1

 
1

Additional paid-in capital
12,308

 
9,752

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(50
)
 
(12
)
Retained earnings
1,269

 
635

Total stockholders’ equity
13,528

 
10,376

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
25,823

 
$
21,984











See accompanying Notes.

3

Table of Contents

salesforce.com, inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in millions, except per share data)
(unaudited)
2
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
Six Months Ended July 31,
 
2018
 
2017 (as adjusted)
 
2018
 
2017 (as adjusted)
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support
$
3,060

 
$
2,383

 
$
5,870

 
$
4,592

Professional services and other
221

 
194

 
417

 
382

Total revenues
3,281

 
2,577

 
6,287

 
4,974

Cost of revenues (1)(2):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support
638

 
494

 
1,211

 
957

Professional services and other
211

 
176

 
405

 
364

Total cost of revenues
849

 
670

 
1,616

 
1,321

Gross profit
2,432

 
1,907

 
4,671

 
3,653

Operating expenses (1)(2):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
463

 
387

 
887

 
763

Marketing and sales
1,504

 
1,153

 
2,833

 
2,259

General and administrative
350

 
283

 
645

 
543

Total operating expenses
2,317

 
1,823

 
4,365

 
3,565

Income from operations
115

 
84

 
306

 
88

Investment income
12

 
9

 
28

 
14

Interest expense
(39
)
 
(22
)
 
(73
)
 
(44
)
Gains (losses) on strategic investments, net
143

 
(8
)
 
354

 
(5
)
Other income
0

 
0

 
1

 
0

Income before benefit from (provision for) income taxes
231

 
63

 
616

 
53

Benefit from (provision for) income taxes
68

 
(17
)
 
27

 
(6
)
Net income
$
299

 
$
46

 
$
643

 
$
47

Basic net income per share
$
0.40

 
$
0.06

 
$
0.87

 
$
0.07

Diluted net income per share
$
0.39

 
$
0.06

 
$
0.84

 
$
0.06

Shares used in computing basic net income per share
747

 
712

 
737

 
709

Shares used in computing diluted net income per share
774

 
729

 
763

 
726

_______________
(1)
Amounts include amortization of intangible assets acquired through business combinations, as follows:
 
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
Six Months Ended July 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Cost of revenues
$
52

 
$
43

 
$
91

 
$
87

Marketing and sales
67

 
31

 
97

 
61

(2)
Amounts include stock-based expense, as follows:
 
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
Six Months Ended July 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Cost of revenues
$
43

 
$
32

 
$
77

 
$
64

Research and development
81

 
67

 
147

 
131

Marketing and sales
174

 
120

 
294

 
239

General and administrative
53

 
37

 
85

 
74

See accompanying Notes.

4

Table of Contents

salesforce.com, inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(in millions)
(unaudited) 
2
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
Six Months Ended July 31,
 
2018
 
2017 (as adjusted)
 
2018
 
2017 (as adjusted)
Net income
$
299

 
$
46
*
 
$
643

 
$
47
*
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax and net of reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation and other gains (losses)
(17
)
 
16

 
(27
)
 
30

Unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities and strategic investments
0

 
(8
)
 
(4
)
 
63

Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
(17
)
 
8

 
(31
)
 
93

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
(17
)
 
8

 
(31
)
 
93

Comprehensive income
$
282

 
$
54

 
$
612

 
$
140

*Prior period information has been adjusted for Topic 606.


























See accompanying Notes.

5

Table of Contents

salesforce.com, inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in millions)
(unaudited)
2
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
Six Months Ended July 31,
 
2018
 
2017 (as adjusted)
 
2018
 
2017 (as adjusted)
Operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
299

 
$
46

 
$
643

 
$
47

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
252

 
192

 
433

 
377

Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs
1

 
7

 
17

 
15

Amortization of costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts, net
183

 
148

 
371

 
289

Expenses related to employee stock plans
351

 
256

 
603

 
508

(Gains) losses on strategic investments, net
(143
)
 
8

 
(354
)
 
5

Changes in assets and liabilities, net of business combinations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable, net
(149
)
 
(130
)
 
2,013

 
1,629

Costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts, net
(146
)
 
(185
)
 
(264
)
 
(318
)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets
4

 
6

 
(86
)
 
(179
)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
179

 
203

 
(277
)
 
(94
)
Unearned revenue
(373
)
 
(220
)
 
(1,175
)
 
(718
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
458

 
331

 
1,924

 
1,561

Investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business combinations, net of cash acquired
(4,803
)
 
0

 
(4,985
)
 
(20
)
Purchases of strategic investments
(37
)
 
(46
)
 
(184
)
 
(58
)
Sales of strategic investments
2

 
3

 
6

 
15

Purchases of marketable securities
(28
)
 
(501
)
 
(291
)
 
(1,200
)
Sales of marketable securities
335

 
139

 
1,273

 
243

Maturities of marketable securities
40

 
9

 
88

 
13

Capital expenditures
(170
)
 
(128
)
 
(292
)
 
(285
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(4,661
)
 
(524
)
 
(4,385
)
 
(1,292
)
Financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of debt, net
496

 
0

 
2,966

 
0

Proceeds from employee stock plans
182

 
183

 
383

 
343

Principal payments on capital lease obligations
(89
)
 
(66
)
 
(108
)
 
(75
)
Repayments of debt
0

 
0

 
(1,027
)
 
(200
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
589

 
117

 
2,214

 
68

Effect of exchange rate changes
11

 
0

 
23

 
5

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
(3,603
)
 
(76
)
 
(224
)
 
342

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
5,922

 
2,025

 
2,543

 
1,607

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
$
2,319

 
$
1,949

 
$
2,319

 
$
1,949


See accompanying Notes.

6

Table of Contents

salesforce.com, inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosure
(in millions)
 
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
Six Months Ended July 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Supplemental cash flow disclosure:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid during the period for:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest
$
22

 
$
21

 
$
29

 
$
27

Income taxes, net of tax refunds
$
18

 
$
9

 
$
37

 
$
27

Non-cash investing and financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of equity awards assumed
$
387

 
$
0

 
$
387

 
$
0

Fair value of common stock issued as consideration for business combinations
$
1,178

 
$
0

 
$
1,178

 
$
6








































See accompanying Notes.

7

Table of Contents

salesforce.com, inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies
Description of Business
Salesforce.com, inc. (the "Company") is a leading provider of enterprise software, delivered through the cloud, with a focus on customer relationship management, or CRM. The Company introduced its first CRM solution in 2000, and has since expanded its service offerings into new areas and industries with new editions, features and platform capabilities.
The Company's core mission is to empower its customers to connect with their customers in entirely new ways through cloud, mobile, social, Internet of Things (“IoT”) and artificial intelligence technologies.
The Company's Customer Success Platform is a comprehensive portfolio of service offerings providing sales force automation, customer service and support, marketing automation, digital commerce, integration solutions, community management, industry-specific solutions, analytics, application development, IoT integration, collaborative productivity tools, an enterprise cloud marketplace which the Company refers to as the AppExchange, and its professional cloud services.
Fiscal Year
The Company’s fiscal year ends on January 31. References to fiscal 2019, for example, refer to the fiscal year ending January 31, 2019.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of July 31, 2018 and January 31, 2018 and the condensed consolidated statements of operations, condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three and six months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are unaudited.
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the financial information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s balance sheets as of July 31, 2018 and January 31, 2018, and its results of operations, including its comprehensive income, and its cash flows for the three and six months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017. All adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The results for the three and six months ended July 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any subsequent quarter or for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2019.
These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 9, 2018.
The Company has adjusted its condensed consolidated financial statements from amounts previously reported due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”) as discussed below. In addition, the Company prospectively adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01, "Financial Instrument-Overall (Subtopic 825-10)" ("ASU 2016-01") and Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-16, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory" ("ASU 2016-16"), as discussed below.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.
Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include the determination of:
the standalone selling price (SSP) of performance obligations for contracts with multiple performance obligations;
the estimate of variable consideration as part of the adoption of ASU 2014-09;
the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for business combinations;
the recognition, measurement and valuation of current and deferred income taxes;
the average period of benefit associated with costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts;
the fair value of certain stock awards issued;
the useful lives of intangible assets; and
the valuation of privately-held strategic investments.

8

Table of Contents

Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the result of which forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.
Principles of Consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Segments
The Company operates as one operating segment. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, Marc Benioff, who is the co-chief executive officer, and the chairman of the board, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. Over the past few years, the Company has completed a number of acquisitions. These acquisitions have allowed the Company to expand its offerings, presence and reach in various market segments of the enterprise cloud computing market. While the Company has offerings in multiple enterprise cloud computing market segments, including as a result of the Company's acquisitions, the Company’s business operates in one operating segment because the Company's offerings operate on its single Customer Success Platform and most of the Company's products are deployed in an identical way, and the Company’s chief operating decision maker evaluates the Company’s financial information and resources and assesses the performance of these resources on a consolidated basis. Since the Company operates in one operating segment, all required financial segment information can be found in the condensed consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the Company moved to a co-chief executive officer model with the promotion of the Company's vice chairman and chief operating officer. The Company will continue to assess who the chief operating decision maker is for the purposes of segment reporting in light of this recent change.
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers
The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and accounts receivable. Collateral is not required for accounts receivable. The Company maintains an allowance for its doubtful accounts receivable. This allowance is based upon historical loss patterns, the number of days that billings are past due and an evaluation of the potential risk of loss associated with delinquent accounts. Receivables are written-off and charged against the recorded allowance when the Company has exhausted collection efforts without success.
No single customer accounted for more than five percent of accounts receivable at July 31, 2018 and January 31, 2018. No single customer accounted for five percent or more of total revenue during the six months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017. As of July 31, 2018 and January 31, 2018, assets located outside the Americas were 12 percent and 17 percent of total assets, respectively. As of July 31, 2018 and January 31, 2018, assets located in the United States were 87 percent and 81 percent of total assets, respectively.
Revenue Recognition
Adoption of Topic 606
Effective at the start of fiscal 2019, the Company adopted the provisions and expanded disclosure requirements described in ASU 2014-09 also referred to as Topic 606. The Company adopted the standard using the full retrospective method. Accordingly, the results for the prior comparable period were adjusted to conform to the current period measurement and recognition of results.
The impact of Topic 606 on reported revenue results was not material. Topic 606, however, modified the Company’s revenue recognition policy in the following ways:
Removal of the limitation on contingent revenue, which can result in the subscription and support revenue for certain multi-year customer contracts being recognized earlier in the duration of the contract term;
More allocation of subscription and support revenues across the Company’s cloud service offerings and to professional services revenue; and
Inclusion of an estimate of variable consideration, such as overage fees, in the total transaction price, which results in the estimated fees being recognized ratably over the contract term, further resulting in the recognition of subscription and support revenues before the actual variable consideration occurs.
The Company used the following transitional practical expedients in the adoption of Topic 606:
The Company has not disclosed the remaining performance obligation (formerly, remaining transaction price) for all of the reporting periods prior to the first quarter of fiscal 2019; and

9

Table of Contents

Contracts modified before fiscal 2017 were reflected using the retrospective method.
Additionally, as part of its business strategy, the Company periodically makes acquisitions of complementary businesses, services and technology. These acquired businesses may have customer arrangements that include the delivery of an on-premise software element combined with a software-as-a-service element. This was the case with the Company's acquisition of MuleSoft, Inc. (“MuleSoft”) in May 2018. The Company has to apply significant judgment to determine the appropriate revenue recognition policy for such products and services since Topic 606 eliminated the provision that service revenue accounting was appropriate when the relative selling price of one or more deliverables in a multiple element solution arrangement could not be determined.
Revenue Recognition Policy
The Company derives its revenues from two sources: (1) subscription revenues, which are comprised of subscription fees from customers accessing the Company’s enterprise cloud computing services (collectively, "Cloud Services"), software licenses, and from customers paying for additional support beyond the standard support that is included in the basic subscription fees; and (2) related professional services such as process mapping, project management and implementation services. Other revenue consists primarily of training fees.
With the adoption of Topic 606, revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products and services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. If the consideration promised in a contract includes a variable amount, for example, overage fees, contingent fees or service level penalties, the Company includes an estimate of the amount it expects to receive for the total transaction price if it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur.
The Company determines the amount of revenue to be recognized through application of the following steps:
Identification of the contract, or contracts with a customer;
Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;
Determination of the transaction price;
Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
Recognition of revenue when or as the Company satisfies the performance obligations.
The Company’s subscription service arrangements are non-cancelable and do not contain refund-type provisions.
Subscription and Support Revenues
Subscription and support revenues are comprised of fees that provide customers with access to Cloud Services, software licenses and related support and updates during the term of the arrangement.
Cloud Services allow customers to use the Company's multi-tenant software without taking possession of the software. Revenue is generally recognized ratably over the contract term.
Since the May 2018 acquisition of Mulesoft, subscription and support revenues also includes software licenses. These licenses for on-premises software provide the customer with a right to use the software as it exists when made available. Customers purchase these licenses through a subscription. Revenues from distinct licenses are generally recognized upfront when the software is made available to the customer. In cases where the Company allocates revenue to software updates and support, primarily because the updates are provided at no additional charge, revenue is recognized as the updates are provided, which is generally ratably over the contract term.
The Company typically invoices its customers annually in advance upon execution of the contract or subsequent renewals. Amounts that have been invoiced are recorded in accounts receivable and in unearned revenue or revenue, depending on whether transfer of control to customers has occurred.
Professional Services and Other Revenues
The Company’s professional services contracts are either on a time and materials, fixed fee or subscription basis. These revenues are recognized as the services are rendered for time and materials contracts, when the milestones are achieved and accepted by the customer or on a proportional performance basis for fixed price contracts and ratably over the contract term or on a proportional performance basis for subscription professional services contracts. The milestone method for revenue recognition is used when there is substantive uncertainty at the date the contract is entered into whether the milestone will be achieved. Training revenues are recognized as the services are performed.
Significant Judgments - Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations
The Company enters into contracts with its customers that may include promises to transfer multiple Cloud Services, software licenses, premium support and professional services. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract with a

10

Table of Contents

customer to transfer products or services that are distinct. Determining whether products and services are distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately or combined as one unit of accounting may require significant judgment.
Cloud Services and software licenses are distinct as such services are often sold separately. In determining whether professional services are distinct, the Company considers the following factors for each professional services agreement: availability of the services from other vendors, the nature of the professional services, the timing of when the professional services contract was signed in comparison to the start date and the contractual dependence of the service on the customer’s satisfaction with the professional services work. To date, the Company has concluded that all of the professional services included in contracts with multiple performance obligations are distinct.
The Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price ("SSP") basis. The SSP is the price at which the Company would sell a promised product or service separately to a customer. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation.
The Company determines SSP by considering its overall pricing objectives and market conditions. Significant pricing practices taken into consideration include the Company’s discounting practices, the size and volume of the Company’s transactions, the customer demographic, the geographic area where services are sold, price lists, its go-to-market strategy, historical sales and contract prices. The determination of SSP is made through consultation with and approval by the Company’s management, taking into consideration the go-to-market strategy. As the Company’s go-to-market strategies evolve, the Company may modify its pricing practices in the future, which could result in changes to SSP.
In certain cases, the Company is able to establish SSP based on observable prices of products or services sold separately in comparable circumstances to similar customers. The Company uses a single amount to estimate SSP when it has observable prices.
If SSP is not directly observable, for example when pricing is highly variable, the Company uses a range of SSP. The Company determines the SSP range using information that may include market conditions or other observable inputs. The Company typically has more than one SSP for individual products and services due to the stratification of those products and services by customer size and geography.
Costs Capitalized to Obtain Revenue Contracts
As part of its adoption of ASU 2014-09, the Company capitalizes incremental costs of obtaining a non-cancelable subscription and support revenue contract. The provisions of ASU 2014-09 are significantly different than the Company's previous accounting for deferred commissions. The new guidance results in the capitalization of significantly more costs and longer amortization lives. Under the prior accounting guidance, the Company only capitalized sales commissions that had a direct relationship to a specific new revenue contract and amortized the capitalized amounts over the initial contract period, which was typically 12 to 36 months.
Under the new accounting, the capitalized amounts consist primarily of sales commissions paid to the Company’s direct sales force. Capitalized amounts also include (1) amounts paid to employees other than the direct sales force who earn incentive payouts under annual compensation plans that are tied to the value of contracts acquired, (2) commissions paid to employees upon renewals of subscription and support contracts, (3) the associated payroll taxes and fringe benefit costs associated with the payments to the Company’s employees, and to a lesser extent (4) success fees paid to partners in emerging markets where the Company has a limited presence.
Costs capitalized related to new revenue contracts are amortized on a straight-line basis over four years, which, although longer than the typical initial contract period, reflects the average period of benefit, including expected contract renewals. In arriving at this average period of benefit, the Company evaluated both qualitative and quantitative factors which included the estimated life cycles of its offerings and its customer attrition. Additionally, the Company amortizes capitalized costs for renewals and success fees paid to partners over two years.
The capitalized amounts are recoverable through future revenue streams under all non-cancelable customer contracts. The Company periodically evaluates whether there have been any changes in its business, the market conditions in which it operates or other events which would indicate that its amortization period should be changed or if there are potential indicators of impairment.
Amortization of capitalized costs to obtain revenue contracts is included in marketing and sales expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.
During the six months ended July 31, 2018, the Company capitalized $264 million of costs to obtain revenue contracts and amortized $371 million to marketing and sales expense. During the same period a year ago, the Company capitalized $318 million of costs to obtain revenue contracts and amortized $289 million to marketing and sales expense. Capitalized costs to obtain a revenue contract, net on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets totaled $1.7 billion at July 31, 2018 and $1.8 billion at January 31, 2018.

11

Table of Contents

Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are stated at fair value.
Marketable Securities
The Company considers all of its marketable debt securities as available for use in current operations, including those with maturity dates beyond one year, and therefore classifies these securities within current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Securities are classified as available for sale and are carried at fair value, with the change in unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported as a separate component on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income until realized. Fair value is determined based on quoted market rates when observable or utilizing data points that are observable, such as quoted prices, interest rates and yield curves. Declines in fair value judged to be other-than-temporary on securities available for sale are included as a reduction to investment income. To determine whether a decline in value is other-than-temporary, the Company evaluates, among other factors: the duration and extent to which the fair value has been less than the carrying value and its intent and ability to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. For the purposes of computing realized and unrealized gains and losses, the cost of securities sold is based on the specific-identification method. Interest on securities classified as available for sale is also included as a component of investment income.
Strategic Investments
The Company holds strategic investments in publicly held equity securities and privately held debt and equity securities in which the Company does not have a controlling interest or significant influence. Publicly held equity securities are measured using quoted prices in their respective active markets with changes recorded through net gains on strategic investments on the condensed consolidated statement of operations. Privately held equity securities without a readily determinable fair value are recorded at cost and adjusted for impairments and observable price changes with a same or similar security from the same issuer and are recorded through net gains on strategic investments on the condensed consolidated statement of operations. Privately held debt securities are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded through accumulated other comprehensive income on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. If, based on the terms of these publicly traded and privately held securities, the Company determines that the Company exercises significant influence on the entity to which these securities relate, the Company will apply the equity method of accounting for such investments.
Privately held debt and equity securities are valued using significant unobservable inputs or data in an inactive market and the valuation requires the Company's judgment due to the absence of market prices and inherent lack of liquidity. The carrying value is not adjusted for the Company's privately held equity securities if there are no observable price changes in a same or similar security from the same issuer or if there are no identified events or changes in circumstances that may indicate impairment, as discussed below. In determining the estimated fair value of its strategic investments in privately held companies, the Company utilizes the most recent data available to the Company. Valuations of privately held companies are inherently complex due to the lack of readily available market data. In addition, the determination of whether an orderly transaction is for a same or similar investment requires significant management judgment including: the rights and obligations of the investments, the extent to which those differences would affect the fair values of those investments, and the impact of any differences based on the stage of operational development of the investee.
The Company assesses its strategic investments portfolio quarterly for impairment. The Company’s impairment analysis encompasses an assessment of the severity and duration of the impairment and qualitative and quantitative analysis of other key factors including: the investee’s financial metrics, the investee’s products and technologies meeting or exceeding predefined milestones, market acceptance of the product or technology, other competitive products or technology in the market, general market conditions, management and governance structure of the investee, the investee’s liquidity, debt ratios and the rate at which the investee is using its cash. If the investment is considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired, the Company will record the investment at fair value by recognizing an impairment through the condensed consolidated statement of operations and establishing a new carrying value for the investment.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company enters into foreign currency derivative contracts with financial institutions to reduce foreign exchange risk. The Company uses forward currency derivative contracts to minimize the Company’s exposure to balances primarily denominated in the Euro, British Pound Sterling, Japanese Yen, Canadian Dollar and Australian Dollar. The Company’s foreign currency derivative contracts, which are not designated as hedging instruments, are used to reduce the exchange rate risk associated primarily with intercompany receivables and payables. The Company’s derivative financial instruments program is not designated for trading or speculative purposes. As of July 31, 2018 and January 31, 2018, the outstanding foreign currency derivative contracts were recorded at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

12

Table of Contents

Foreign currency derivative contracts are marked-to-market at the end of each reporting period with gains and losses recognized as other expense to offset the gains or losses resulting from the settlement or remeasurement of the underlying foreign currency denominated receivables and payables. While the contract or notional amount is often used to express the volume of foreign currency derivative contracts, the amounts potentially subject to credit risk are generally limited to the amounts, if any, by which the counterparties’ obligations under the agreements exceed the obligations of the Company to the counterparties.
Fair Value Measurement
The Company measures its cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and foreign currency derivative contracts at fair value. The additional disclosures regarding the Company’s fair value measurements are included in Note 5 “Fair Value Measurement.” In addition, the Company measures its publicly held equity securities at fair value. The additional disclosure regarding the Company's fair value measurements of its strategic investments are included in Note 3 "Investments."
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of those assets as follows:
Computers, equipment and software
3 to 9 years
Furniture and fixtures
5 years
Leasehold improvements
Shorter of the estimated lease term or 10 years
Building and structural components
Average weighted useful life of 32 years
Building - leased facility
27 years
Building improvements
10 years
When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from their respective accounts and any loss on such retirement is reflected in operating expenses.
Capitalized Software Costs
The Company capitalizes costs related to its enterprise cloud computing services and certain projects for internal use incurred during the application development stage. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post implementation activities are expensed as incurred. Internal-use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally three to five years. Management evaluates the useful lives of these assets on an annual basis and tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets.
Intangible Assets acquired through Business Combinations
Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Each period, the Company evaluates the estimated remaining useful life of its intangible assets and whether events or changes in circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of amortization. Management tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets.
Impairment Assessment
The Company evaluates intangible assets and long-lived assets for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. This includes but is not limited to significant adverse changes in business climate, market conditions, or other events that indicate an asset's carrying amount may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparing the carrying amount of each asset to the future undiscounted cash flows the asset is expected to generate. If the undiscounted cash flows used in the test for recoverability are less than the carrying amount of these assets, the carrying amount of such assets is reduced to fair value.
The Company evaluates and tests the recoverability of its goodwill for impairment at least annually during its fourth quarter of each fiscal year or more often if and when circumstances indicate that goodwill may not be recoverable.
There were no material impairments of capitalized software, intangible assets, long-lived assets or goodwill during the six months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017.
Business Combinations
The Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. The Company’s estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments

13

Table of Contents

to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. In addition, uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances are initially recorded in connection with a business combination as of the acquisition date. The Company continues to collect information and reevaluates these estimates and assumptions quarterly and records any adjustments to the Company’s preliminary estimates to goodwill provided that the Company is within the measurement period. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations.
In the event the Company acquires an entity with which the Company has a preexisting relationship, the Company will recognize a gain or loss to settle that relationship as of the acquisition date, which is recorded in net gains on strategic investments within the condensed consolidated statements of operations. In the event that the Company acquires an entity in which the Company previously held a strategic investment, the difference between the fair value of the shares as of the date of the acquisition and the carrying value of the strategic investment is recorded as a gain or loss and recorded within net gains on strategic investments in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
Leases and Asset Retirement Obligations
The Company categorizes leases at their inception as either operating or capital leases. In certain lease agreements, the Company may receive rent holidays and other incentives. The Company recognizes lease costs on a straight-line basis once control of the space is achieved, without regard to deferred payment terms such as rent holidays that defer the commencement date of required payments. Additionally, incentives received are treated as a reduction of costs over the term of the agreement.
The Company establishes assets and liabilities for the present value of estimated future costs to retire long-lived assets at the termination or expiration of a lease. Such assets are depreciated over the lease period to operating expense.
In the event the Company is the deemed owner for accounting purposes during construction, the Company records assets and liabilities for the estimated construction costs incurred under build-to-suit lease arrangements to the extent it is involved in the construction of structural improvements or takes construction risk prior to commencement of a lease.
The Company additionally has entered into subleases for unoccupied leased office space. To the extent there are losses associated with the sublease, they are recognized in the period the sublease is executed. Gains are recognized over the sublease life. Any sublease payments received in excess of the straight-line rent payments for the sublease are recorded as an offset to rent expense.
Stock-Based Expense
The Company recognizes stock-based expenses related to stock options and restricted stock awards on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures, over the requisite service period of the awards, which is generally the vesting term of four years.
The Company recognizes stock-based expenses related to shares issued pursuant to its Amended and Restated 2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP” or “2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan”) on a straight-line basis over the offering period, which is 12 months. The ESPP allows employees to purchase shares of the Company's common stock at a 15 percent discount and also allows employees to reduce their percentage election once during a six month purchase period (December 15 and June 15 of each fiscal year), but not increase that election until the next one-year offering period. The ESPP also includes a re-set provision for the purchase price if the stock price on the purchase date is less than the stock price on the offering date.
Stock-based expenses related to performance share grants are measured based on grant date fair value and expensed on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures, over the service period of the awards, which is generally the vesting term of three years.
The Company, at times, grants unvested restricted shares to employee stockholders of certain acquired companies in lieu of cash consideration. These awards are generally subject to continued post-acquisition employment. Therefore, the Company accounts for them as post-acquisition stock-based expense. The Company recognizes stock-based expense equal to the grant date fair value of the restricted stock awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards, which is generally four years
Income Taxes
The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax laws is recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations in the period that includes the enactment date.

14

Table of Contents

The Company’s tax positions are subject to income tax audits by multiple tax jurisdictions throughout the world. The Company recognizes the tax benefit of an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the position is sustainable upon examination by the taxing authority, solely based on its technical merits. The tax benefit recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit which is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement with the taxing authority. The Company recognizes interest accrued and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the income tax provision.
Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts that are more likely than not expected to be realized based on the weighting of positive and negative evidence. Future realization of deferred tax assets ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character (for example, ordinary income or capital gain) within the carryback or carryforward periods available under the applicable tax law. The Company regularly reviews the deferred tax assets for recoverability based on historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences and tax planning strategies. The Company’s judgments regarding future profitability may change due to many factors, including future market conditions and the ability to successfully execute its business plans. Should there be a change in the ability to recover deferred tax assets, the tax provision would increase or decrease in the period in which the assessment is changed.
In December 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Act") was enacted into law, significantly changing income tax law that affects U.S corporations. Key changes included a corporate tax rate reduction from 35 percent to 21 percent effective January 1, 2018, expensing of certain qualified property, significant changes to the U.S international tax system such as a one-time transition tax on accumulated foreign earnings, and how foreign earnings are subject to U.S. tax. The Company was required to recognize the effects of the tax law changes in the period of enactment, including the determination of the transition tax and the re-measurement of deferred taxes as well as to re-assess the realizability of the deferred tax assets. Subsequent to the enactment of the Tax Act, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("SAB 118"), which allows companies to record provisional amounts related to the effects of the Tax Act during a measurement period not to extend beyond one year from the enactment date. Due to the timing of the Tax Act and additional guidance and interpretations that may be issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and other standard-setting bodies in the future, the Company has not completed its analysis of the income tax effects of the Tax Act. The provisional estimates will be adjusted during the measurement period defined under SAB 118, based upon the Company's ongoing analysis of its data and tax positions along with new guidance from regulators and interpretations of the law.
Foreign Currency Translation
The functional currency of the Company’s major foreign subsidiaries is generally the local currency. Adjustments resulting from translating foreign functional currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are recorded as a separate component on the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in Other income in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the period. All assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. Equity transactions are translated using historical exchange rates.
Warranties and Indemnification
The Company’s enterprise cloud computing services are typically warranted to perform in a manner consistent with general industry standards that are reasonably applicable and materially in accordance with the Company’s online help documentation under normal use and circumstances.
The Company’s arrangements generally include certain provisions for indemnifying customers against liabilities if its products or services infringe a third party’s intellectual property rights. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such obligations and has not accrued any material liabilities related to such obligations in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
The Company has also agreed to indemnify its directors and executive officers for costs associated with any fees, expenses, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by any of these persons in any action or proceeding to which any of those persons is, or is threatened to be, made a party by reason of the person’s service as a director or officer, including any action by the Company, arising out of that person’s services as the Company’s director or officer or that person’s services provided to any other company or enterprise at the Company’s request. The Company maintains director and officer insurance coverage that would generally enable the Company to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. The Company may also be subject to indemnification obligations by law with respect to the actions of its employees under certain circumstances and in certain jurisdictions.

15

Table of Contents

New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in Fiscal 2019
Topic 606
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, which in addition to replacing the existing revenue recognition guidance, provides guidance on the recognition of costs related to obtaining customer contracts. The adoption was material to the Company’s reported operating results and balance sheet for fiscal 2018 and 2017, as it requires additional types of costs to be capitalized and amortized over a longer period. The Company also recorded the related income tax effects, which did not have a material impact due to the Company's valuation allowance. The adoption had no impact to the Company’s operating cash flow.
The adoption of ASU 2014-09 impacted the Company's previously reported results as follows (in millions, except per share data):
 
Three Months Ended July 31, 2017
 
Six Months Ended July 31, 2017
 
As reported
 
Change
 
As adjusted
 
As reported
 
Change
 
As adjusted
Total revenues
$
2,562

 
$
15

 
$
2,577

 
$
4,949

 
$
25

 
$
4,974

Marketing and sales
1,171

 
(18
)
 
1,153

 
2,280

 
(21
)
 
2,259

Benefit from (provision for) income taxes
(13
)
 
(4
)
 
(17
)
 
1

 
(7
)
 
(6
)
Net income
$
18

 
$
28

 
$
46

 
$
9

 
$
38

 
$
47

Diluted net income per share
$
0.02

 
$
0.04

 
$
0.06

 
$
0.01

 
$
0.05

 
$
0.06

The number of shares utilized to calculate the three and six months ended July 31, 2017 diluted net income per share was 729 million and 726 million, respectively.
The adoption of ASU 2014-09 impacted the Company's previously reported results as of January 31, 2018 as follows (in millions):
 
As reported
 
Change
 
As adjusted
Accounts receivable, net
$
3,918

 
$
3

 
$
3,921

Costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts, net
461

 
210

 
671

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
390

 
81

 
471

Costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts, noncurrent, net
413

 
692

 
1,105

Other assets, net
396

 
(12
)
 
384

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
2,010

 
37

 
2,047

Unearned revenue
7,095

 
(100
)
 
6,995

Other noncurrent liabilities
796

 
50

 
846

Stockholders’ equity
9,389

 
987

 
10,376


ASU 2016-01
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, which requires entities to measure equity instruments at fair value and recognize any changes in fair value within the statement of operations. The Company adopted ASU 2016-01 in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 on a prospective basis for privately held equity securities and a modified retrospective basis for publicly held equity investments. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-01, the Company reclassified approximately $13 million of unrealized gains related to its publicly traded equity investments and approximately $6 million reflecting the tax impact, from accumulated other comprehensive loss on the balance sheet to retained earnings. For the six months ended July 31, 2018 the Company recorded net unrealized gains of $344 million, which excludes recognized gains on the sale of investments of $10 million, which were recorded in the condensed consolidated statement of operations, and the Company anticipates additional volatility to the Company's statements of operations in future periods, due to changes in market prices of the Company's investments in publicly held equity investments and the valuation and timing of observable price changes and impairments of its investments in privately held securities.


16

Table of Contents

ASU 2016-16
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, which requires entities to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs. The Company adopted the standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 using the modified retrospective transition method and reclassified a cumulative-effect adjustment to reduce retained earnings as of the effective date of approximately $18 million.
Accounting Pronouncements Pending Adoption
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" ("ASU 2016-02"), which requires lessees to record most leases on their balance sheets but recognize the expenses on their statements of operations in a manner similar to current accounting rules. ASU 2016-02 states that a lessee would recognize a lease liability for the obligation to make lease payments and a right-to-use asset for the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The new standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 on a modified retrospective basis. The Company is in the process of implementing changes to its systems, processes and controls, in conjunction with its review of existing lease agreements, in order to adopt the new standard in its first quarter of fiscal 2020. The Company expects its leases designated as operating leases in Note 14, “Commitments,” will be reported on the consolidated balance sheets upon adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact to its consolidated financial statements and as it relates to other aspects of the business.
In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13 (ASU 2016-13) "Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments," which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss methodology, which will result in more timely recognition of credit losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019, and requires a cumulative effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on its consolidated financial statements in order to adopt the new standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2021.
In March 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-230 (ASU 2018-230) "Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract; Disclosures for Implementation Costs Incurred for Internal-Use Software and Cloud Computing Arrangements," which aligns the accounting for implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the accounting for implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software under ASC 350-40, in order to determine which costs to capitalize and recognize as an asset. ASU 2018-230 is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019, and can be applied either prospectively to implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption or retrospectively to all arrangements. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2018-230 on its consolidated financial statements.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications to fiscal 2018 balances were made to conform to the current period presentation in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and condensed consolidated statement of operations. These reclassifications include other noncurrent liabilities, temporary equity, other income (expense) and gains on strategic investments, net.
2. Revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue
Subscription and Support Revenue by the Company's core service offerings
Subscription and support revenues consisted of the following (in millions):
 
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
Six Months Ended July 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Sales Cloud
$
1,004

 
$
891

 
$
1,969

 
$
1,721

Service Cloud
892

 
700

 
1,740

 
1,356

Salesforce Platform and Other
712

 
463

 
1,287

 
887

Marketing and Commerce Cloud
452

 
329

 
874

 
628

 
$
3,060

 
$
2,383

 
$
5,870

 
$
4,592


17

Table of Contents

Total Revenue by Geographic Locations
Revenues by geographical region consisted of the following (in millions):
 
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
Six Months Ended July 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Americas
$
2,338

 
$
1,868

 
$
4,439

 
$
3,633

Europe
629

 
466

 
1,235

 
875

Asia Pacific
314

 
243

 
613

 
466

 
$
3,281

 
$
2,577

 
$
6,287

 
$
4,974

Revenues by geography are determined based on the region of the Company's contracting entity, which may be different than the region of the customer. Americas revenue attributed to the United States was approximately 96 percent during the three and six months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. No other country represented more than ten percent of total revenue during the three and six months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017.
Contract Balances
As described in Note 1, subscription and support revenue is generally recognized ratably over the contract term beginning on the commencement date of each contract. Under Topic 606 the timing and amount of revenue recognition may differ in certain situations from the revenue recognized under previous accounting guidance, which included a contingent revenue rule that limited subscription and support revenue to the customer invoice amount for the period of service (collectively billings). Under Topic 606, the Company records a contract asset when revenue recognized on a contract exceeds the billings. Contract assets were $228 million at July 31, 2018, which includes the acquired contract asset balance from the May 2018 MuleSoft acquisition. The contract assets were $81 million at January 31, 2018.
Unearned Revenue
Topic 606 introduced the concept of unearned revenue, which is substantially similar to deferred revenue under previous accounting guidance, except for the removal of the limitation on contingent revenue. The unearned revenue balance does not represent the total contract value of annual or multi-year, non-cancelable subscription agreements. Unearned revenue primarily consists of billings or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from subscription services, including software licenses, described above and is recognized as revenue when transfer of control to customers has occurred. The Company generally invoices customers in annual installments. The unearned revenue balance is influenced by several factors, including seasonality, the compounding effects of renewals, invoice duration, invoice timing, dollar size and new business linearity within the quarter.
The changes in unearned revenue were as follows (in millions):
 
Three Months Ended July 31, 2018
 
Three Months Ended April 30, 2018
Unearned revenue, beginning of period
$
6,201

 
$
6,995

Billings and other*
2,875

 
2,211

Contribution from contract asset
31

 
(6
)
Revenue recognized over time
(3,052
)
 
(2,866
)
Revenue recognized at a point in time
(229
)
 
(140
)
Unearned revenue from business combinations
57

 
7

Unearned revenue, end of period
$
5,883

 
$
6,201

*Other includes, for example, the impact of foreign currency translation
Revenue recognized over time is generally billed in advance and includes cloud services, the related support and fixed fee professional services. The majority of revenue recognized in each quarter for these services is from the beginning of period unearned revenue balance. Revenue recognized at a point in time includes professional services billed on a time and materials basis, training classes and the portion of software license arrangements allocated to the on-premise performance obligation; these items are primarily billed, delivered and recognized within the same reporting period.
Remaining Performance Obligation (Formerly "Remaining Transaction Price")
Topic 606 also introduced the concept of remaining transaction price, which is different than unbilled deferred revenue under previous accounting guidance. Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations represents

18

Table of Contents

contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes unearned revenue and unbilled amounts that will be recognized as revenue in future periods. Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligation is influenced by several factors, including seasonality, the timing of renewals, average contract terms and foreign currency exchange rates. Unbilled portions of the remaining performance obligations denominated in foreign currencies are revalued each period based on the period end exchange rates.
The Company applied the practical expedient in accordance with Topic 606 to exclude amounts related to performance obligations that are billed and recognized as they are delivered. This primarily consists of professional services contracts that are on a time-and-material basis.
Remaining performance obligation consisted of the following (in billions):
 
Current
 
Noncurrent
 
Total
As of July 31, 2018*
$
9.8

 
$
11.2

 
$
21.0

*Includes $200 million of acquired Remaining Performance Obligation from the MuleSoft May 2018 acquisition.
3. Investments
Marketable Securities
At July 31, 2018, marketable securities consisted of the following (in millions):
Investments classified as Marketable Securities
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
Corporate notes and obligations
$
676

 
$
0

 
$
(9
)
 
$
667

U.S. treasury securities
90

 
0

 
(2
)
 
88

Mortgage backed obligations
80

 
0

 
(2
)
 
78

Asset backed securities
158

 
0

 
(2
)
 
156

Municipal securities
39

 
0

 
(1
)
 
38

Foreign government obligations
53

 
0

 
(1
)
 
52

U.S. agency obligations
4

 
0

 
0

 
4

Covered bonds
25

 
0

 
0

 
25

Total marketable securities
$
1,125

 
$
0

 
$
(17
)
 
$
1,108

At January 31, 2018, marketable securities consisted of the following (in millions):
Investments classified as Marketable Securities
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
Corporate notes and obligations
$
1,223

 
$
1

 
$
(7
)
 
$
1,217

U.S. treasury securities
196

 
0

 
(2
)
 
194

Mortgage backed obligations
100

 
0

 
(1
)
 
99

Asset backed securities
251

 
0

 
(1
)
 
250

Municipal securities
53

 
0

 
(1
)
 
52

Foreign government obligations
87

 
0

 
(1
)
 
86

U.S. agency obligations
19

 
0

 
0

 
19

Commercial paper
11

 
0

 
0

 
11

Covered bonds
51

 
0

 
(1
)
 
50

Total marketable securities
$
1,991


$
1


$
(14
)

$
1,978


19

Table of Contents

The contractual maturities of the investments classified as marketable securities are as follows (in millions):
 
As of
 
July 31,
2018
 
January 31,
2018
Due within 1 year
$
157

 
$
395

Due in 1 year through 5 years
948

 
1,579

Due in 5 years through 10 years
3

 
4

 
$
1,108

 
$
1,978

As of July 31, 2018, the following marketable securities were in an unrealized loss position (in millions):
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or Greater
 
Total
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
Corporate notes and obligations
$
584

 
$
(9
)
 
$
38

 
$
0

 
$
622

 
$
(9
)
U.S. treasury securities
82

 
(2
)
 
6

 
0

 
88

 
(2
)
Mortgage backed obligations
62

 
(1
)
 
15

 
(1
)
 
77

 
(2
)
Asset backed securities
148

 
(2
)
 
9

 
0

 
157

 
(2
)
Municipal securities
27

 
(1
)
 
10

 
0

 
37

 
(1
)
Foreign government obligations
52

 
(1
)
 
0

 
0

 
52

 
(1
)
 
$
955

 
$
(16
)
 
$
78

 
$
(1
)
 
$
1,033

 
$
(17
)
The unrealized losses for each of the fixed rate marketable securities were less than $1 million. The Company does not believe any of the unrealized losses represent an other-than-temporary impairment based on its evaluation of available evidence as of July 31, 2018, such as the Company's intent to hold and whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investment before recovery of the investment's amortized basis. The Company expects to receive the full principal and interest on all of these marketable securities.
Investment Income
Investment income consists of interest income, realized gains and realized losses on the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. The components of investment income are presented below (in millions):
 
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
Six Months Ended July 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Interest income
$
12

 
$
8

 
$
32

 
$
14

Realized gains
0

 
1

 
1

 
1

Realized losses
0

 
0

 
(5
)
 
(1
)
Investment income
$
12

 
$
9

 
$
28

 
$
14

Reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income into investment income were immaterial for the three and six months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017.
Strategic Investments
Strategic investments by form and measurement category as of July 31, 2018 were as follows (in millions):
 
Measurement Category
 
Fair Value
 
Measurement Alternative
 
Other (1)
 
Total
Equity securities
$
430

 
$
667

 
$
36

 
$
1,133

Debt securities
53

 
0

 
16

 
69

Balance as of July 31, 2018
$
483

 
$
667

 
$
52

 
$
1,202


(1) Other includes the Company's investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting or amortized cost.

20

Table of Contents

Measurement Alternative Adjustments
Privately held equity investments, which are included in the table above, accounted for under the measurement alternative as of July 31, 2018 were as follows (in millions):
 
Three Months Ended July 31, 2018
 
Six Months Ended July 31, 2018
Carrying amount, beginning of period
$
554

 
$
548

Adjustments related to privately held equity investments:
 
 
 
Net additions
19

 
30

Unrealized gains, losses and impairments on strategic investments
94

 
89

Carrying amount, end of period
$
667

 
$
667

Gains (losses) on strategic investments, net
Gains and losses recognized in the three and six months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows (in millions):
2
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
Six Months Ended July 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Net gains recognized on publicly traded securities
$
65

 
$
0

 
$
276

 
$
0

Net gains (losses) recognized on privately held securities
78

 
(8
)
 
78

 
(5
)
Gains (losses) on strategic investments, net
$
143

 
$
(8
)
 
$
354

 
$
(5
)
Net gains recognized in the three and six months ended July 31, 2018 for investments still held as of July 31, 2018 were $142 million and $344 million, respectively. This excludes recognized gains on the sale of investments for the three and six months ended July 31, 2018 of $1 million and $10 million, respectively.
4. Derivatives
Details on outstanding foreign currency derivative contracts are presented below (in millions):
 
As of
 
July 31, 2018
 
January 31, 2018
Notional amount of foreign currency derivative contracts
$
1,566

 
$
1,871

Fair value of foreign currency derivative contracts
(1
)
 
12

The fair value of the Company’s outstanding derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments are summarized below (in millions):
 
 
As of
  
Balance Sheet Location
July 31, 2018
 
January 31, 2018
Foreign currency derivative contracts
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
$
1

 
$
18

Gains/losses on derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments recorded in Other income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three and six months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are summarized below (in millions):
 
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
Six Months Ended July 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Foreign currency derivative contracts
$
(10
)
 
$
3

 
$
10

 
$
10

5. Fair Value Measurement
The Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:
Level 1.    Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

21

Table of Contents


Level 2.    Significant other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3.    Significant unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.
All of the Company’s cash equivalents, marketable securities and foreign currency derivative contracts are classified within Level 1 or Level 2 because the Company’s cash equivalents, marketable securities and foreign currency derivative contracts are valued using quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing observable market inputs.
The following table presents information about the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value as of July 31, 2018 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation (in millions):
Description
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Balance as of July 31, 2018
Cash equivalents (1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Time deposits
$
0

 
$
253

 
$
0

 
$
253

Money market mutual funds
1,364

 
0

 
0

 
1,364

Marketable securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate notes and obligations
0

 
667

 
0

 
667

U.S. treasury securities
0

 
88

 
0

 
88

Mortgage backed obligations
0

 
78

 
0

 
78

Asset backed securities
0

 
156

 
0

 
156

Municipal securities
0

 
38

 
0

 
38

Foreign government obligations
0

 
52

 
0

 
52

U.S. agency obligations
0

 
4

 
0

 
4

Covered bonds
0

 
25

 
0

 
25

Foreign currency derivative contracts (2)
0

 
1

 
0

 
1

Total assets
$
1,364

 
$
1,362

 
$
0

 
$
2,726

___________ 
(1)Included in “cash and cash equivalents” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of July 31, 2018, in addition to $702 million of cash.
(2)Included in “prepaid expenses and other current assets” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of July 31, 2018.

22

Table of Contents

The following table presents information about the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value as of January 31, 2018 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation (in millions):
Description
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable Inputs (Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Balance as of January 31, 2018
Cash equivalents (1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Time deposits
$
0

 
$
543

 
$
0

 
$
543

Money market mutual funds
1,389

 
0

 
0

 
1,389

Marketable securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate notes and obligations
0

 
1,217

 
0

 
1,217

U.S. treasury securities
0

 
194

 
0

 
194

Mortgage backed obligations
0

 
99

 
0

 
99

Asset backed securities
0

 
250

 
0

 
250

Municipal securities
0

 
52

 
0

 
52

Foreign government obligations
0

 
86

 
0

 
86

U.S. agency obligations
0

 
19

 
0

 
19

Commercial paper
0

 
11

 
0

 
11

Covered bonds
0

 
50

 
0

 
50

Foreign currency derivative contracts (2)
0

 
18

 
0

 
18

Total assets
$
1,389

 
$
2,539

 
$
0

 
$
3,928

______________ 
(1)Included in “cash and cash equivalents” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2018, in addition to $611 million of cash.
(2)Included in “prepaid expenses and other current assets” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2018.
6. Property and Equipment
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in millions):
 
As of
 
July 31, 2018
 
January 31, 2018
Land
$
184

 
$
184

Buildings and building improvements
629

 
626

Computers, equipment and software
1,700

 
1,629

Furniture and fixtures
156

 
139

Leasehold improvements
952

 
825

Property and equipment, gross
3,621

 
3,403

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
(1,635
)
 
(1,456
)
Property and equipment, net
$
1,986

 
$
1,947

Depreciation and amortization expense totaled $101 million and $95 million during the three months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $190 million and $183 million during the six months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Computers, equipment and software at July 31, 2018 and January 31, 2018 included a total of $709 million and $709 million acquired under capital lease agreements, respectively. Accumulated amortization relating to computers, equipment and software acquired under capital leases totaled $484 million and $450 million, respectively, at July 31, 2018 and January 31, 2018. Amortization of assets acquired under capital leases is included in depreciation and amortization expense.

23

Table of Contents

7. Business Combinations
MuleSoft
In May 2018, the Company acquired all outstanding stock of MuleSoft, which provides a platform for building application networks that connect enterprise apps, data and devices, across any cloud and on-premise solution. The Company has included the financial results of MuleSoft in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. The transaction costs associated with its acquisition for the six months ended July 31, 2018, were approximately $24 million and were recorded in general and administrative expense. The acquisition date fair value of the consideration transferred for MuleSoft was approximately $6.4 billion, which consisted of the following (in millions):
 
Fair Value
Cash
$
4,860

Common stock issued
1,178

Fair value of stock options and restricted stock awards assumed
387

Total
$
6,425

The fair value of the stock options assumed by the Company was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The share conversion ratio of 0.3680 was applied to convert MuleSoft’s outstanding equity awards for MuleSoft’s common stock into equity awards for shares of the Company’s common stock.
The following table summarizes the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition (in millions):
 
Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents
$
59

Marketable securities
231

Accounts receivable
69

Contract asset
122

Other current and noncurrent assets
29

Acquired customer contract asset, current and noncurrent
61

Intangible assets
1,279

Goodwill
4,816

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, current and noncurrent
(40
)
Unearned revenue
(57
)
Deferred tax liability
(144
)
Net assets acquired
$
6,425

The excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. The fair values assigned to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on management’s estimates and assumptions. The deferred tax liability established was primarily a result of the difference in the book basis and tax basis related to the identifiable intangible assets. The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including current and noncurrent income taxes payable and deferred taxes, may be subject to change as additional information is received and certain tax returns are finalized. Accordingly, the provisional measurements of fair value of the income taxes payable and deferred taxes set forth above are subject to change. The Company expects to finalize the valuation as soon as practicable, but not later than one year from the acquisition date.

24

Table of Contents

The following table sets forth the components of identifiable intangible assets acquired and their estimated useful lives as of the date of acquisition (in millions):
 
Fair Value
 
Useful Life
Developed technology
$
224

 
4 years
Customer relationships
1,046

 
8 years
Other purchased intangible assets
9

 
1 year
Total intangible assets subject to amortization
$
1,279

 
 
Developed technology represents the fair value of MuleSoft's Anypoint technology. Customer relationships represent the fair values of the underlying relationships with MuleSoft customers. The goodwill balance is primarily attributed to the assembled workforce and expanded market opportunities when integrating MuleSoft's Anypoint technology with the Company’s other offerings. The goodwill balance is not deductible for U.S. income tax purposes.
The Company assumed unvested options and restricted stock with a fair value of $824 million. Of the total consideration, $387 million was allocated to the purchase consideration and $437 million was allocated to future services and will be expensed over the remaining service periods on a straight-line basis.
The amounts of revenue and pretax income of MuleSoft included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations from the acquisition date in May 2018 to the period ending July 31, 2018 are as follows (in millions):
Total revenues
$
122

Pretax loss
(105
)
The following pro forma financial information summarizes the combined results of operations for the Company and MuleSoft, as though the companies were combined as of the beginning of the Company’s fiscal 2017.
The unaudited pro forma financial information was as follows (in millions):
 
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
Six Months Ended July 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Total revenues
$
3,281

 
$
2,645

 
$
6,371

 
$
5,094

Pretax income (loss)
269

 
(78
)
 
596

 
(262
)
Net income (loss)
201

 
(96
)
 
486

 
(134
)
The pro forma financial information for all periods presented above has been calculated after adjusting the results of MuleSoft to reflect the business combination accounting effects resulting from this acquisition, including the amortization expense from acquired intangible assets and the stock-based compensation expense for unvested stock options and restricted stock awards assumed as well as the interest expense associated with the Company's issuance of debt prior to the acquisition as though the acquisition occurred as of the beginning of the Company’s fiscal year 2018, which was the driver of the net losses for the three and six months ended July 31, 2017. The historical consolidated financial statements have been adjusted in the pro forma combined financial statements to give effect to pro forma events that are directly attributable to the business combination and factually supportable. The pro forma financial information is for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place at the beginning of the Company’s fiscal 2018.
The pro forma financial information for the six months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017 combines the historical results of the Company for the six months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017, the adjusted historical results of MuleSoft for the six months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017, due to differences in reporting periods and considering the date the Company acquired MuleSoft, and the effects of the pro forma adjustments listed above. Prior to being acquired, MuleSoft's fiscal year concluded on December 31. Net income for the six months ended July 31, 2017 above includes a discrete tax benefit of $139 million, resulting from a partial release of valuation allowance in connection with the acquisition. The net deferred tax liability from the acquisition of MuleSoft provided a source of additional income to support the realizability of the Company's pre-existing deferred tax assets. The deferred tax liability considered the 21 percent corporate tax rate enacted by the Tax Act.

25

Table of Contents

CloudCraze
In April 2018, the Company acquired all outstanding stock of CloudCraze LLC ("CloudCraze"), for consideration consisting of cash and equity awards assumed. CloudCraze is a commerce platform that allows businesses to generate online revenue and scale for growth. CloudCraze delivers interactions across commerce, sales, marketing and service. The Company has included the financial results of CloudCraze in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition, which have not been material to date. The transaction costs associated with the acquisition were not material.
The acquisition date fair value consideration transferred for CloudCraze was approximately $190 million, which consisted of cash and the fair value of stock options and restricted stock awards assumed. The Company recorded approximately $58 million for developed technology and customer relationships with estimated useful lives of one to seven years. The Company recorded approximately $134 million of goodwill which is primarily attributed to the assembled workforce and expanded market opportunities from integrating CloudCraze's technology with the Company's other offerings. The goodwill balance is deductible for U.S. income tax purposes. The fair value of current and noncurrent income taxes payable and deferred taxes, may be subject to change as additional information is received and certain tax returns are finalized. The Company expects to finalize the valuation as soon as practicable, but not later than one year from the acquisition date.
8. Intangible Assets Acquired Through Business Combinations and Goodwill
Intangible assets acquired through business combinations
Intangible assets acquired through business combinations are as follows (in millions):
 
Intangible Assets, Gross
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Intangible Assets, Net
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining Useful Life (Years)
 
Jan 31, 2018
 
Additions and retirements, net
 
July 31, 2018
 
Jan 31, 2018
 
Expense and retirements, net
 
July 31, 2018
 
Jan 31, 2018
 
July 31, 2018
 
Acquired developed technology
$
1,027

 
$
241

 
$
1,268

 
$
(677
)
 
$
(91
)
 
$
(768
)
 
$
350

 
$
500

 
3.0
Customer relationships
831

 
1,086

 
1,917

 
(359
)
 
(93
)
 
(452
)
 
472

 
1,465

 
6.7
Other (1)
53

 
2

 
55

 
(48
)
 
(4
)
 
(44
)
 
5

 
11

 
1.9
Total
$
1,911

 
$
1,329

 
$
3,240

 
$
(1,084
)
 
$
(188
)
 
$
(1,264
)
 
$
827

 
$
1,976

 
5.7
(1)Included in other are trade names, trademarks and territory rights.
Amortization of intangible assets resulting from business combinations for the three months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017 was $119 million and $74 million, respectively, and for the six months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017 was $188 million and $149 million, respectively.
The expected future amortization expense for intangible assets as of July 31, 2018 is as follows (in millions):
Fiscal Period:
 
Remaining six months of Fiscal 2019
$
235

Fiscal 2020
426

Fiscal 2021
368

Fiscal 2022
305

Fiscal 2023
186

Thereafter
456

Total amortization expense
$
1,976

Goodwill
The changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill, which is generally not deductible for tax purposes, were as follows (in millions):
Balance as of January 31, 2018
 
$
7,314

CloudCraze Acquisition
 
134

Mulesoft Acquisition
 
4,816

Adjustments of acquisition date fair values, including the effect of foreign currency translation
 
(10
)
Balance as of July 31, 2018
 
$
12,254


26

Table of Contents

9. Debt
The carrying values of the Company's borrowings were as follows (in millions):
Instrument
 
Date of issuance
 
Maturity date
 
Effective interest rate for the three months ended July 31, 2018
 
July 31, 2018
 
January 31, 2018
2021 Term Loan
 
May 2018
 
May 2021
 
2.88%
 
$
499

 
$
0

2023 Senior Notes
 
April 2018
 
April 2023
 
3.26%
 
992

 
0

2028 Senior Notes
 
April 2018
 
April 2028
 
3.70%
 
1,487

 
0

2019 Term Loan
 
July 2016
 
July 2019
 
2.87%
 
499

 
498

Loan assumed on 50 Fremont
 
February 2015
 
June 2023
 
3.75%
 
199

 
199

0.25% Convertible Senior Notes
 
March 2013
 
April 2018
 
2.53% (1)
 
0

 
1,023

Total carrying value of debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,676

 
1,720

Less current portion of debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(503
)
 
(1,025
)
Total noncurrent debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
3,173

 
$
695

(1) From February 1, 2018 through maturity, the effective interest rate for the Convertible Senior Notes was 2.53%.
Each of the Company's debt agreements requires it to maintain compliance with certain debt covenants, all of which the Company was in compliance with as of July 31, 2018.
The expected future principal payments for all borrowings as of July 31, 2018 is as follows (in millions):
Fiscal period:
 
Remaining six months of Fiscal 2019
$
2

Fiscal 2020
504

Fiscal 2021
4

Fiscal 2022
504

Fiscal 2023
4

Thereafter
2,682

Total principal outstanding
$
3,700

2021 Term Loan
In April 2018, the Company entered into a new three-year unsecured term loan with Bank of America, N.A. and certain other institutional lenders for $500 million (“2021 Term Loan”) that matures in May 2021. The net proceeds of the 2021 Term Loan were for the purpose of partially funding the acquisition of MuleSoft and were received in May 2018. For the three and six months ended July 31, 2018, total interest expense recognized was $4 million. Accrued interest on the 2021 Term Loan was immaterial as of July 31, 2018. As of July 31, 2018, the noncurrent outstanding principal portion was $500 million.
2023 Senior Notes
In April 2018, the Company issued an aggregate principal amount of $1.0 billion in senior notes that will mature in April 2023 and bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.25 percent per annum ("2023 Senior Notes"). The interest is payable semi-annually in April and October of each year, commencing in October 2018. The Company incurred issuance costs of $8 million in connection with the 2023 Senior Notes that, along with the debt discount upon issuance, are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2023 Senior Notes. The 2023 Senior Notes are unsecured and rank equally in right of payment with all of the other senior unsecured indebtedness. For the three and six months ended July 31, 2018, total interest expense recognized was $8 million and $10 million, respectively. Accrued interest on the 2023 Senior Notes was $10 million as of July 31, 2018. As of July 31, 2018, the noncurrent outstanding principal portion was $1.0 billion.
2028 Senior Notes
In April 2018, the Company issued an aggregate principal amount of $1.5 billion in senior notes that will mature in April 2028 and bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.70 percent per annum ("2028 Senior Notes"). The interest is payable semi-annually in April and October of each year, commencing in October 2018. The Company incurred issuance costs of $13 million in connection with the 2028 Senior Notes that, along with the debt discount upon issuance, are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2028 Senior Notes. The 2028 Senior Notes are unsecured and rank equally in right of payment with all of the other senior unsecured indebtedness. For the three and six months ended July 31, 2018, total interest expense recognized

27

Table of Contents

was $14 million and $17 million, respectively. Accrued interest on the 2028 Senior Notes was $17 million as of July 31, 2018. As of July 31, 2018, the noncurrent outstanding principal portion was $1.5 billion.
Bridge Facility
In March 2018, the Company entered into a commitment letter, pursuant to which certain lenders agreed to provide a senior unsecured 364-day bridge loan facility of up to $3.0 billion (the "Bridge Facility”) for the purpose of providing the financing to support the Company's acquisition of MuleSoft.
Under the terms of the commitment letter, the Bridge Facility was terminated upon execution of the 2023 Senior Notes, 2028 Senior Notes and 2021 Term Loan in April 2018. For the six months ended July 31, 2018, the Company incurred costs in connection with the Bridge Facility of approximately $11 million that were recorded to interest expense.
2019 Term Loan
In July 2016, the Company entered into a credit agreement (“Term Loan Credit Agreement”) with Bank of America, N.A. and certain other institutional lenders for a $500 million term loan facility (“2019 Term Loan”) that matures in July 2019. In April 2018, the Company modified the Term Loan Credit Agreement with substantially the same terms, including the principal amount and maturity date. The Company accounted for the new 2019 Term Loan as a modification. No incremental fees were paid related to the modification of the 2019 Term Loan.
Interest on the 2019 Term Loan is due and payable in arrears quarterly for loans bearing interest at a rate based on the base rate and at the end of an interest period in the case of loans bearing interest at the adjusted LIBOR rate.
For the three months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017, total interest expense recognized was $4 million and $3 million, respectively. For the six months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017, total interest expense recognized was $7 million and $5 million, respectively. Accrued interest on the 2019 Term Loan was immaterial as of July 31, 2018. As of July 31, 2018, the current outstanding principal portion was $500 million.
Loan Assumed on 50 Fremont
The Company assumed a $200 million loan with the acquisition of 50 Fremont in San Francisco, California (“Loan”). The Loan bears an interest rate of 3.75% per annum and is due in June 2023. Starting in July 2018, principal and interest payments are required, with the remaining principal due at maturity. For the three months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017, total interest expense recognized was $2 million and $2 million, respectively. For the six months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017, total interest expense recognized was $4 million and $4 million, respectively. Accrued interest on the Loan was immaterial as of July 31, 2018. As of July 31, 2018, the current and noncurrent outstanding principal portion was $4 million and $196 million, respectively. The Loan can be prepaid at any time subject to a yield maintenance fee.
Convertible Senior Notes
In March 2013, the Company issued at par value $1.15 billion of 0.25% convertible senior notes (the “0.25% Senior Notes”, or “Notes”) due in April 2018. The Notes matured in April 2018 and the Company repaid $1.0 billion in cash of principal balance of the Notes during the Company's first quarter of fiscal 2019. The Company also distributed approximately 7 million shares of the Company's common stock to noteholders during fiscal 2019, which represents the conversion value in excess of the principal amount.
To minimize the impact of potential economic dilution upon conversion of the Notes, also in March 2013, the Company entered into convertible note hedge transactions with respect to its common stock. The Company received approximately 7 million shares of the Company's common stock from the exercise of the notes hedges related to the 0.25% Senior Notes during this same period.

28

Table of Contents

Warrants
In March 2013, the Company entered into a warrants transaction (“0.25% Warrants”), whereby the Company sold warrants to acquire, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, shares of the Company’s common stock. The 0.25% Warrants were separate transactions entered into by the Company and were not part of the terms of the 0.25% Senior Notes or the related note hedges. In June 2018, the Company entered into agreements with each of the 0.25% Warrants counterparties to amend and early settle the 0.25% Warrants prior to their scheduled expiration beginning in July 2018. As a result of this amendment, during the three months ended July 31, 2018, the Company issued, in the aggregate, approximately 6 million shares to the counterparties to settle, via a net share settlement, the entirety of the 0.25% Warrants, which increased the shares used in computing basic net income per share by 2 million and 1 million for the three and six months ended July 31, 2018, respectively.
Revolving Credit Facility
In April 2018, the Company entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement ("Revolving Loan Credit Agreement") with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, and certain other institutional lenders that provides for $1.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility (“Credit Facility”) that matures in April 2023. The Revolving Loan Credit Agreement amended and restated the Company’s existing revolving credit facility dated July 2016. The Company may use the proceeds of future borrowings under the Credit Facility for refinancing other indebtedness, working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes, including permitted acquisitions.
There were no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility as of July 31, 2018. The Company continues to pay a commitment fee on the available amount of the Credit Facility, which is included within interest expense in the Company's condensed consolidated statement of operations.
Interest Expense on Debt
The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to debt (in millions):
 
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
Six Months Ended July 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Contractual interest expense
$
31

 
$
6

 
$
42

 
$
11

Amortization of debt issuance costs
1

 
2

 
13

 
3

Amortization of debt discount
0

 
6

 
4

 
13

 
$
32

 
$
14

 
$
59

 
$
27

10. Other Balance Sheet Accounts
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in millions):
 
As of
 
July 31,
2018
 
January 31,
2018
Prepaid income taxes
$
15

 
$
33

Other taxes receivable
39

 
33

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
672

 
405

 
$
726

 
$
471

Capitalized Software, net
Capitalized software, net at July 31, 2018 and January 31, 2018 was $145 million and $146 million, respectively. Accumulated amortization relating to capitalized software, net totaled $363 million and $326 million, respectively, at July 31, 2018