JAZZ 2015 Q1 DOC
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
|
| |
ý | Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2015
or
|
| |
¨ | Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-33500
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
|
| |
Ireland | 98-1032470 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
Fourth Floor, Connaught House,
One Burlington Road, Dublin 4, Ireland
011-353-1-634-7800
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
|
| | | | |
Large accelerated filer | ý | | Accelerated filer | ¨ |
| | | | |
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ | (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No ý
As of May 1, 2015, 61,066,950 ordinary shares of the registrant, nominal value $0.0001 per share, were outstanding.
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS PLC
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2015
INDEX
|
| | |
| | Page |
| |
| | |
Item 1. | | |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets – March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 | |
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - Three Months Ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 | |
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Three Months Ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 | |
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Three Months Ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 | |
| | |
| | |
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | |
| | |
Item 3. | | |
| | |
Item 4. | | |
| |
| |
| | |
Item 1. | | |
| | |
Item 1A. | | |
| | |
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | |
| | |
Item 6. | | |
We own or have rights to various copyrights, trademarks and trade names used in our business in the United States and/or other countries, including the following: Jazz Pharmaceuticals®, Xyrem® (sodium oxybate) oral solution, Erwinaze® (asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi), Erwinase® (asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi), Defitelio® (defibrotide), Prialt® (ziconotide) intrathecal infusion, FazaClo® (clozapine, USP), LeukotacTM (inolimomab) and ProstaScint® (capromab pendetide). This report also includes trademarks, service marks and trade names of other companies. Service marks, trademarks and trade names appearing in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the property of their respective owners.
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
| |
Item 1. | Financial Statements |
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS PLC
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited) |
| | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2015 | | December 31, 2014 |
ASSETS | | | |
Current assets: | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 782,603 |
| | $ | 684,042 |
|
Accounts receivable, net of allowances | 189,682 |
| | 186,371 |
|
Inventories | 30,692 |
| | 30,037 |
|
Prepaid expenses | 27,614 |
| | 12,800 |
|
Deferred tax assets, net | 50,822 |
| | 48,440 |
|
Other current assets | 21,522 |
| | 21,322 |
|
Assets held for sale | — |
| | 32,833 |
|
Total current assets | 1,102,935 |
| | 1,015,845 |
|
Property and equipment, net | 71,283 |
| | 58,363 |
|
Intangible assets, net | 1,284,308 |
| | 1,437,435 |
|
Goodwill | 654,470 |
| | 702,713 |
|
Deferred tax assets, net, non-current | 74,185 |
| | 75,494 |
|
Deferred financing costs | 31,223 |
| | 33,174 |
|
Other non-current assets | 19,189 |
| | 15,931 |
|
Total assets | $ | 3,237,593 |
| | $ | 3,338,955 |
|
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | |
Accounts payable | $ | 27,317 |
| | $ | 25,126 |
|
Accrued liabilities | 146,975 |
| | 164,091 |
|
Current portion of long-term debt | 9,388 |
| | 9,428 |
|
Income taxes payable | 26,334 |
| | 7,588 |
|
Deferred tax liability, net | 9,430 |
| | 9,430 |
|
Deferred revenue | 1,138 |
| | 1,138 |
|
Total current liabilities | 220,582 |
| | 216,801 |
|
Deferred revenue, non-current | 4,215 |
| | 4,499 |
|
Long-term debt, less current portion | 1,334,661 |
| | 1,333,000 |
|
Deferred tax liability, net, non-current | 327,683 |
| | 375,054 |
|
Other non-current liabilities | 45,122 |
| | 38,393 |
|
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) |
| |
|
|
Shareholders’ equity: | | | |
Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc shareholders' equity | | | |
Ordinary shares | 6 |
| | 6 |
|
Non-voting euro deferred shares | 55 |
| | 55 |
|
Capital redemption reserve | 471 |
| | 471 |
|
Additional paid-in capital | 1,488,262 |
| | 1,458,005 |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (278,584 | ) | | (122,097 | ) |
Retained earnings | 95,066 |
| | 34,704 |
|
Total Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc shareholders’ equity | 1,305,276 |
| | 1,371,144 |
|
Noncontrolling interests | 54 |
| | 64 |
|
Total shareholders’ equity | 1,305,330 |
| | 1,371,208 |
|
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 3,237,593 |
| | $ | 3,338,955 |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS PLC
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2015 | | 2014 |
Revenues: | | | |
Product sales, net | $ | 307,035 |
| | $ | 244,986 |
|
Royalties and contract revenues | 2,268 |
| | 1,933 |
|
Total revenues | 309,303 |
| | 246,919 |
|
Operating expenses: | | | |
Cost of product sales (excluding amortization of intangible assets) | 28,298 |
| | 30,924 |
|
Selling, general and administrative | 112,388 |
| | 106,363 |
|
Research and development | 27,181 |
| | 18,109 |
|
Acquired in-process research and development
| — |
| | 127,000 |
|
Intangible asset amortization | 24,677 |
| | 31,182 |
|
Total operating expenses | 192,544 |
| | 313,578 |
|
Income (loss) from operations | 116,759 |
| | (66,659 | ) |
Interest expense, net | (16,245 | ) | | (10,076 | ) |
Foreign currency gain | 2,245 |
| | 123 |
|
Income (loss) before income tax provision | 102,759 |
| | (76,612 | ) |
Income tax provision | 32,059 |
| | 17,027 |
|
Net income (loss) | 70,700 |
| | (93,639 | ) |
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax | — |
| | (989 | ) |
Net income (loss) attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc | $ | 70,700 |
| | $ | (92,650 | ) |
| | | |
Net income (loss) attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc per ordinary share: | | | |
Basic | $ | 1.16 |
| | $ | (1.58 | ) |
Diluted | $ | 1.12 |
| | $ | (1.58 | ) |
Weighted-average ordinary shares used in calculating net income (loss) attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc per ordinary share: | | | |
Basic | 60,803 |
| | 58,526 |
|
Diluted | 62,964 |
| | 58,526 |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS PLC
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2015 | | 2014 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 70,700 |
| | $ | (93,639 | ) |
Other comprehensive income (loss): | | | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (156,497 | ) | | 15,016 |
|
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (156,497 | ) | | 15,016 |
|
Total comprehensive loss | (85,797 | ) | | (78,623 | ) |
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax | (10 | ) | | (712 | ) |
Comprehensive loss attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc | $ | (85,787 | ) | | $ | (77,911 | ) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS PLC
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2015 | | 2014 |
Operating activities | | | |
Net income (loss) | $ | 70,700 |
| | $ | (93,639 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | |
Intangible asset amortization | 24,677 |
| | 31,182 |
|
Share-based compensation | 20,819 |
| | 13,815 |
|
Depreciation | 2,232 |
| | 1,309 |
|
Acquired in-process research and development
| — |
| | 127,000 |
|
Loss on disposal of property and equipment | 8 |
| | 2 |
|
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation | (10,635 | ) | | (5,777 | ) |
Acquisition accounting inventory fair value step-up adjustments | — |
| | 8,022 |
|
Deferred income taxes | (9,261 | ) | | (4,378 | ) |
Provision for losses on accounts receivable and inventory | 426 |
| | 813 |
|
Other non-cash transactions | 632 |
| | 1,868 |
|
Changes in assets and liabilities: | | | |
Accounts receivable | (4,769 | ) | | (16,014 | ) |
Inventories | (1,842 | ) | | (3,071 | ) |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (15,670 | ) | | 4,357 |
|
Other long-term assets | (3,278 | ) | | (1,545 | ) |
Accounts payable | 3,303 |
| | 8,579 |
|
Accrued liabilities | (17,485 | ) | | 927 |
|
Income taxes payable | 30,163 |
| | 5,757 |
|
Deferred revenue | (285 | ) | | (273 | ) |
Contingent consideration | — |
| | (14,900 | ) |
Other non-current liabilities | 6,820 |
| | 4,689 |
|
Net cash provided by operating activities | 96,555 |
| | 68,723 |
|
Investing activities | | | |
Net proceeds from sale of business | 32,703 |
| | — |
|
Purchases of property and equipment | (14,410 | ) | | (3,527 | ) |
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | — |
| | (828,676 | ) |
Acquisition of in-process research and development | — |
| | (125,000 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 18,293 |
| | (957,203 | ) |
Financing activities | | | |
Payment of employee withholding taxes related to share-based awards | (14,778 | ) | | (9,363 | ) |
Share repurchases | (10,338 | ) | | — |
|
Repayments of long-term debt | (2,284 | ) | | (2,299 | ) |
Proceeds from employee equity incentive plans and exercise of warrants | 13,504 |
| | 21,467 |
|
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation | 10,635 |
| | 5,777 |
|
Net proceeds from issuance of debt | — |
| | 636,355 |
|
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests | — |
| | (119,175 | ) |
Payment of contingent consideration | — |
| | (35,100 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (3,261 | ) | | 497,662 |
|
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | (13,026 | ) | | 188 |
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 98,561 |
| | (390,630 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents, at beginning of period | 684,042 |
| | 636,504 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents, at end of period | $ | 782,603 |
| | $ | 245,874 |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS PLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc, a public limited company formed under the laws of Ireland, is an international biopharmaceutical company focused on improving patients’ lives by identifying, developing and commercializing meaningful products that address unmet medical needs. We have a diverse portfolio of products and product candidates with a focus in the areas of sleep and hematology/oncology. In these areas, we market Xyrem® (sodium oxybate) oral solution and Erwinaze® (asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi) in the United States, and market Erwinase® and Defitelio® (defibrotide) in Europe and other countries outside the United States. Our strategy is to create shareholder value by:
| |
• | Growing sales of the existing products in our portfolio, including by identifying new growth opportunities; |
| |
• | Acquiring additional differentiated products that are on the market or product candidates that are in late-stage development; and |
| |
• | Pursuing focused development of a pipeline of post-discovery differentiated product candidates. |
Throughout this report, unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references to “Jazz Pharmaceuticals,” “the registrant,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc and its consolidated subsidiaries. Throughout this report, all references to “ordinary shares” refer to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc’s ordinary shares.
Basis of Presentation
These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared following the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes and other financial information that are normally required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, can be condensed or omitted. The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with our annual consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
In the opinion of management, these condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for the fair presentation of our financial position and operating results. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2015, for any other interim period or for any future period.
These condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc and our subsidiaries and intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. We record noncontrolling interests in our condensed consolidated financial statements which represent the ownership interest of minority shareholders in the equity of Gentium S.p.A., or Gentium. Our condensed consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of businesses we have acquired from the date of each acquisition for the applicable reporting periods.
Significant Risks and Uncertainties
Our financial results remain significantly influenced by sales of Xyrem. In the three months ended March 31, 2015, net product sales of Xyrem were $212.7 million, which represented 69.3% of total net product sales. Our ability to maintain or increase sales of Xyrem in its approved indications is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including the potential introduction of generic competition or an alternative sodium oxybate product that competes with Xyrem, changed or increased regulatory restrictions, continued acceptance of Xyrem by physicians and patients and restrictive conditions for reimbursement required by, and the availability of reimbursement from, third party payors. Five abbreviated new drug applications, or ANDAs, have been filed with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, by third parties seeking to market generic versions of Xyrem. We have initiated lawsuits against all five third parties, and the litigation proceedings are ongoing. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of these proceedings. Although no trial date has been set in any of the ANDA suits, we anticipate that trial on some of the patents in the case against the first ANDA filer, Roxane Laboratories, Inc., or Roxane, could occur as early as the fourth quarter of 2015. In addition, certain of the ANDA filers are challenging the validity of our patents covering the distribution system for Xyrem by filing petitions for inter partes review, or IPR, by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board, or PTAB, of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Furthermore, in April 2015, a hedge fund (acting with affiliated entities and individuals and proceeding under the name of the Coalition for Affordable Drugs III LLC) filed an IPR petition challenging the validity of one of our Xyrem distribution patents that is already the subject of a previously-filed IPR petition.
The PTAB has not yet determined whether to institute proceedings with respect to the petitions for IPR. We cannot predict whether PTAB will institute any of the petitioned IPR proceedings, whether additional post-grant patent review challenges will be filed by any of the ANDA filers or any other entity, the outcome of any IPR or other proceeding if instituted, or the impact any IPR or other proceeding might have on ongoing ANDA litigation proceedings or other aspects of our Xyrem business. We expect that the approval of an ANDA that results in the launch of a generic version of Xyrem, or the approval and launch of other sodium oxybate products that compete with Xyrem, would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
We are in the process of implementing the necessary systems, processes, procedures and activities to transition to the final risk evaluation and mitigation strategy, or REMS, for Xyrem approved by the FDA in late February 2015. While we expect to implement the Xyrem REMS by late August 2015 and to submit ongoing assessments, in each case as set forth in the FDA’s Xyrem REMS approval notice, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to do so in a timely manner, that our implementation of the approved Xyrem REMS will meet FDA requirements, that the assessments will be satisfactory to the FDA, or that the Xyrem REMS will satisfy FDA’s expectations in their anticipated evaluation of the Xyrem REMS on an ongoing basis. Any failure to transition to the Xyrem REMS in a timely manner and to the satisfaction of the FDA or to comply with the REMS obligations could negatively affect sales of Xyrem, result in additional costs and expenses for us, and/or take a significant amount of time, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. In addition, we cannot predict whether the FDA will seek to require or ultimately require modifications to the Xyrem REMS, including with respect to the distribution system, or seek to otherwise impose or ultimately impose additional requirements to the Xyrem REMS, or the potential timing, terms or propriety thereof. Any such modifications or additional requirements could potentially make it more difficult or expensive for us to distribute Xyrem, make it easier for future generic competitors, and/or negatively affect sales of Xyrem.
We also expect to continue to face pressure to develop a single shared REMS with potential generic competitors for Xyrem or to license or share intellectual property pertinent to the Xyrem REMS, which is the subject of multiple issued patents, or elements of the Xyrem REMS, with generic competitors. In January 2014, the FDA held an initial meeting with us and the then-current sodium oxybate ANDA applicants to facilitate the development of a single shared REMS for sodium oxybate. The parties have had regular interactions with respect to developing a single shared REMS since the initial meeting, and we expect the interactions to continue. If we do not develop a single shared REMS or license or share intellectual property pertinent to our Xyrem REMS with a generic competitor within a time frame or on terms that the FDA considers acceptable, the FDA may assert that its waiver authority permits it to allow the generic competitor to market a generic drug with a separate REMS that includes different, but comparable, elements to assure safe use, than those in our approved Xyrem REMS. We cannot predict the outcome or impact on our business of any future action that we may take with respect to the development of a single shared REMS for sodium oxybate, licensing or sharing intellectual property pertinent to our Xyrem REMS, or the FDA’s response to a certification that a third party had been unable to obtain a license. In addition, the Federal Trade Commission, other governmental authorities or others could claim or determine that we are using the Xyrem REMS in an anticompetitive manner (including in light of the FDA’s statement in the Xyrem REMS approval notice that the Xyrem REMS could be used in an anticompetitive manner inconsistent with applicable provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act) or have engaged in other anticompetitive practices.
Sales of our second largest product, Erwinaze, continue to grow. In the three months ended March 31, 2015, net product sales of Erwinaze/Erwinase were $50.4 million which represented 16.4% of total net product sales. We seek to maintain and increase sales of Erwinaze, as well as to make Erwinaze more widely available, through ongoing sales and marketing and research and development activities. However, our ability to successfully and sustainably maintain or grow sales of Erwinaze is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including the limited population of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or ALL, and the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions to E. coli-derived asparaginase within that population, our ability to obtain clinical data on the use of Erwinaze in young adults age 18 to 39 with ALL who are hypersensitive to E. coli-derived asparaginase, particularly in light of our recent decision to terminate a clinical trial in this patient population based on an inability to enroll patients, as well as our need to apply for and receive marketing authorizations, through the European Union’s mutual recognition procedure or otherwise, in certain additional countries so we can launch promotional efforts in those countries. Another significant challenge to our ability to maintain current sales levels and to increase sales is our need to avoid supply interruptions of Erwinaze due to capacity constraints, production delays, quality challenges or other manufacturing difficulties. We have limited inventory of Erwinaze, which puts us at significant risk of not being able to meet product demand. Erwinaze is licensed from and manufactured by a single source, which was Public Health England, or PHE, through March 31, 2015. PHE has advised us that as of April 1, 2015, the facility at which Erwinaze is manufactured was transferred to Porton BioPharma Limited, a limited liability company that is wholly-owned by the U.K. Secretary of State for Health, or PBL. We were informed that all of the staff employed in the manufacture and management of Erwinaze have transferred into PBL, and we are now working with PBL on matters related to Erwinaze supply. The current manufacturing capacity for Erwinaze is nearly completely absorbed by demand for the product. As a consequence of constrained
manufacturing capacity, we have had an extremely limited ability to build an excess level of product inventory that could be used to absorb disruptions to supply resulting from any quality or other issues. If we continue to be subject to capacity constraints or experience quality or other manufacturing challenges in the future, we may be unable to build a desired excess level of product inventory, and our ability to supply the market may be compromised. Although we are taking steps to improve the Erwinaze manufacturing process, if our ongoing efforts are not successful, we could experience additional Erwinaze supply interruptions in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our sales of and revenues from Erwinaze and limit our potential future maintenance and growth of the market for this product. In addition, while we continue to work with the manufacturer of Erwinaze to evaluate potential steps to expand production capacity to increase the supply of Erwinaze over the longer term to address worldwide demand, our ability to maintain or increase sales of Erwinaze may be limited by our ability to obtain a sufficient supply of the product.
In furtherance of our growth strategy, we have made a significant investment in Defitelio/defibrotide. We added the product to our portfolio as a result of our acquisition of Gentium that closed in January 2014, or the Gentium Acquisition, and secured worldwide rights to the product by acquiring rights to defibrotide in the Americas in August 2014. Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits from this investment is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including our ability to successfully maintain or grow sales of Defitelio in Europe, or obtain marketing approval in other countries, including the United States, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. We expect to continue to launch Defitelio in additional European countries on a rolling basis in 2015 and are in the process of making pricing and reimbursement submissions with respect to Defitelio, and discussing them with regulatory authorities, in those European countries where Defitelio is not yet launched, including in countries where pricing and reimbursement approvals are required for launch. A key challenge to our success in maintaining or growing sales of Defitelio in Europe is our ability to obtain appropriate pricing and reimbursement approvals in those European countries where Defitelio is not yet launched. If we experience delays or unforeseen difficulties in obtaining favorable pricing and reimbursement approvals, planned launches in the affected countries would be delayed, or, if we are unable to ultimately obtain favorable pricing and reimbursement approvals in countries that represent significant markets, especially where a country’s reimbursed price influences other countries, our growth prospects in Europe could be negatively affected.
We are also engaged in activities related to the potential approval of defibrotide in the United States. We initiated a rolling submission of a new drug application, or NDA, to the FDA for defibrotide for the treatment of severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease, or VOD, in December 2014 and expect to complete the submission in mid-2015. We do not expect to be required to complete any additional clinical trials prior to completion of the NDA submission for defibrotide in the United States. Even if we are able to complete the NDA submission as planned, we cannot predict whether our NDA will be approved in a timely manner, if at all. It is possible that the FDA may ask an Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee, or ODAC, which provides the FDA with independent expert advice and recommendations, to review our NDA. The ODAC may recommend against approval of our NDA, may recommend conditioning approval on our conducting one or more potentially time-consuming and costly clinical trials to provide supporting data either before approval or as a post-marketing commitment, or may recommend more narrow or restricted labeling than we expect to propose. We also face other challenges that could impact the anticipated value of Defitelio/defibrotide, including the limited size of the population of patients who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or HSCT, therapy and develop severe VOD, the need to establish U.S. pricing and reimbursement support for the product in the event we are able to obtain U.S. marketing approval for defibrotide, the possibility that we may be required to conduct time-consuming and costly clinical trials as a condition of any U.S. marketing approval for the product, the lack of experience of U.S. physicians in diagnosing and treating VOD, and challenges to our ability to develop the product for indications in addition to the treatment of severe VOD. If sales of Defitelio/defibrotide do not reach the levels we expect, our anticipated revenue from the product would be negatively affected, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
In addition to risks specifically related to Xyrem, Erwinaze and Defitelio/defibrotide, we are subject to other challenges and risks specific to our business, as well as risks and uncertainties common to companies in the pharmaceutical industry with development and commercial operations, including: the challenges of protecting and enhancing our intellectual property rights; delays or problems in the supply or manufacture of our products, particularly with respect to certain products as to which we maintain limited inventories, including products for which our supply demands are growing, and our dependence on single source suppliers to continue to meet our ongoing commercial demand or our requirements for clinical trial supplies; the need to obtain and maintain appropriate pricing and reimbursement for our products in an increasingly challenging environment due to, among other things, the attention being paid to healthcare cost containment and other austerity measures in the United States and worldwide, including the need to obtain and maintain reimbursement for Xyrem in the United States in an environment in which we are subject to increasingly restrictive conditions for reimbursement required by third party payors; and the challenges of compliance with the requirements of the FDA, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, or DEA, and non-U.S. regulatory agencies, including with respect to product labeling, requirements for distribution, obtaining sufficient DEA quotas where needed, marketing and promotional activities, adverse event reporting and product recalls or withdrawals.
Other risks and uncertainties related to our ability to execute on our strategy include: the challenges of achieving and maintaining commercial success of our products, such as obtaining sustained acceptance and support of our products by patients, physicians and payors; the risks and costs associated with business combination or product or product candidate acquisition transactions, such as the challenges inherent in the integration of acquired businesses with our historic business, the increase in geographic dispersion among our centers of operation, taking on the operation of a manufacturing plant as a result of the Gentium Acquisition and the risks that we may acquire unanticipated liabilities along with acquired businesses or otherwise fail to realize the anticipated benefits (commercial or otherwise) from such transactions; the difficulty and uncertainty of pharmaceutical product development, including the timing thereof, and the uncertainty of clinical success, such as the risk that results from preclinical studies and/or early clinical trials may not be predictive of results obtained in later and larger clinical trials planned or anticipated to be conducted for our product candidates; the inherent uncertainty associated with the regulatory approval process, especially as we continue to undertake increased activities and make growing investment in our product pipeline development projects; our potential inability to identify and acquire, in-license or develop additional products or product candidates to grow our business; and possible restrictions on our ability and flexibility to pursue certain future corporate development and other opportunities as a result of our substantial outstanding debt obligations, which increased significantly in 2014.
Concentrations of Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. Our investment policy permits investments in U.S. federal government and federal agency securities, corporate bonds or commercial paper issued by U.S. corporations, money market instruments, certain qualifying money market mutual funds, certain repurchase agreements, and tax-exempt obligations of U.S. states, agencies and municipalities and places restrictions on credit ratings, maturities, and concentration by type and issuer. We are exposed to credit risk in the event of a default by the financial institutions holding our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and issuers of investments to the extent recorded on the balance sheet.
We are also subject to credit risk from our accounts receivable related to our product sales. We monitor our exposure within accounts receivable and record a reserve against uncollectible accounts receivable as necessary. We extend credit to pharmaceutical wholesale distributors and specialty pharmaceutical distribution companies, primarily in the United States, and to other international distributors and hospitals. Customer creditworthiness is monitored and collateral is not required. We monitor deteriorating economic conditions in certain European countries which may result in variability of the timing of cash receipts and an increase in the average length of time that it takes to collect accounts receivable outstanding. Historically, we have not experienced significant credit losses on our accounts receivable and we do not expect to have write-offs or adjustments to accounts receivable which would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity or results of operations. As of March 31, 2015, five customers accounted for 87% of gross accounts receivable, including Express Scripts Specialty Distribution Services, Inc. and its affiliate CuraScript, Inc., or Express Scripts, which accounted for 69% of gross accounts receivable and IDIS Limited, or IDIS, which accounted for 9% of gross accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2014, five customers accounted for 86% of gross accounts receivable, including Express Scripts, which accounted for 66% of gross accounts receivable and IDIS, which accounted for 11% of gross accounts receivable.
We depend on single source suppliers and manufacturers for each of our products, product candidates and their active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc per Ordinary Share
Basic net income (loss) attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc per ordinary share is based on the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding. Diluted net income (loss) attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc per ordinary share is based on the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding and potentially dilutive ordinary shares outstanding.
Basic and diluted net income (loss) attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc per ordinary share were computed as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2015 | | 2014 |
Numerator: | | | |
Net income (loss) attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc | $ | 70,700 |
| | $ | (92,650 | ) |
Denominator: | | | |
Weighted-average ordinary shares used in calculating net income (loss) attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc per ordinary share - basic | 60,803 |
| | 58,526 |
|
Dilutive effect of employee equity incentive and purchase plans | 2,161 |
| | — |
|
Weighted-average ordinary shares used in calculating net income (loss) attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc per ordinary share - diluted | 62,964 |
| | 58,526 |
|
| | | |
Net income (loss) attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc per ordinary share: | | | |
Basic | $ | 1.16 |
| | $ | (1.58 | ) |
Diluted | $ | 1.12 |
| | $ | (1.58 | ) |
For the three months ended March 31, 2014, potentially dilutive ordinary shares from employee equity incentive and purchase plans and warrants were not included in the diluted net loss attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc per ordinary share because the inclusion of such shares would have an anti-dilutive effect.
Potentially dilutive ordinary shares from our employee equity incentive and purchase plans, warrants and exchangeable senior notes are determined by applying the treasury stock method to the assumed exercise of share options and warrants, the assumed vesting of outstanding restricted stock units, or RSUs, the assumed issuance of ordinary shares under our employee stock purchase plan, or ESPP, and the assumed issuance of ordinary shares upon exchange of our exchangeable senior notes. The potential issue of approximately 2.9 million ordinary shares issuable upon exchange of our exchangeable senior notes had no effect on diluted net income attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc per ordinary share because the average price of our ordinary shares for the three months ended March 31, 2015 did not exceed the effective exchange price of $199.77 per ordinary share.
The following table represents the weighted-average ordinary shares that were excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc per ordinary share for the periods presented because including them would have an anti-dilutive effect (in thousands):
|
| | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2015 | | 2014 |
1.875% exchangeable senior notes due 2021 | 2,878 |
| | — |
|
Options to purchase ordinary shares and RSUs | 1,322 |
| | 5,491 |
|
Warrants to purchase ordinary shares | — |
| | 1,257 |
|
Ordinary shares under ESPP | — |
| | 141 |
|
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In April 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2015-03, “Interest - Imputation of Interest”, or ASU No. 2015-03. ASU No. 2015-03 requires debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability to be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the debt liability instead of as an asset. ASU No. 2015-03 does not affect the recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs. ASU No. 2015-03 will be effective for us beginning January 1, 2016 and requires retrospective application. ASU-2015-03 will represent a change in accounting principle in 2016, the year of adoption. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2015-03 on the presentation of our consolidated financial statements.
In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-05, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software”, or ASU No. 2015-05. ASU No. 2015-05 provides guidance on whether a cloud computing arrangement contains a software license to be accounted for as internal-use software to assist in the evaluation of the accounting for fees paid by a customer in the arrangement. ASU No. 2015-05 will be effective for us beginning January 1, 2016 and may be applied either prospectively to
new cloud computing arrangements or retrospectively. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2015-05 on our consolidated financial statements.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, or ASU No. 2014-09, which states that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve this, an entity will need to identify the contract with a customer; identify the separate performance obligations in the contract; determine the transaction price; allocate the transaction price to the separate performance obligations in the contract; and recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies each performance obligation. ASU No. 2014-09 will be effective for us beginning January 1, 2017 and can be adopted on a full retrospective basis or on a modified retrospective basis. We are currently assessing our approach to the adoption of this standard and the impact on our results of operations and financial position.
2. Disposition
On March 20, 2015, we completed the sale of certain products that we originally acquired as part of our acquisition of EUSA Pharma Inc. and the related business. Pursuant to the agreement for this sale, the purchase price was $34.0 million, subject to pre- and post-closing purchase price adjustments. We received approximately $33 million in cash after purchase price adjustments were made prior to the closing.
We recognized a loss on disposal of $0.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 within selling, general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The related assets met the assets held for sale criteria and were reclassified to assets held for sale as of December 31, 2014. Goodwill was allocated to these assets using the relative fair value method. We have determined that the disposition of these assets did not qualify for reporting as a discontinued operation since the sale does not represent a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on our operations and financial results.
3. Fair Value Measurement
Cash and cash equivalents consisted of the following (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2015 |
| Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized Gains | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Estimated Fair Value | | Cash and Cash Equivalents |
Cash | $ | 187,491 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 187,491 |
| | $ | 187,491 |
|
Time deposits | 595,112 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 595,112 |
| | 595,112 |
|
Totals | $ | 782,603 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 782,603 |
| | $ | 782,603 |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2014 |
| Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized Gains | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Estimated Fair Value | | Cash and Cash Equivalents |
Cash | $ | 338,262 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 338,262 |
| | $ | 338,262 |
|
Time deposits | 345,780 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 345,780 |
| | 345,780 |
|
Totals | $ | 684,042 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 684,042 |
| | $ | 684,042 |
|
Cash equivalents are considered available-for-sale securities. We use the specific-identification method for calculating realized gains and losses on securities sold and include them in interest expense, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The following table summarizes, by major security type, our available-for-sale securities as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis and were categorized using the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2015 | | December 31, 2014 |
| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | | Total Estimated Fair Value | | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | | Total Estimated Fair Value |
Time deposits | $ | 595,112 |
| | $ | 595,112 |
| | $ | 345,780 |
| | $ | 345,780 |
|
As of March 31, 2015, our available-for-sale securities included time deposits which were measured at fair value using Level 2 inputs and their carrying values were approximately equal to their fair values. Level 2 inputs, obtained from various third party data providers, represent quoted prices for similar assets in active markets, or these inputs were derived from observable market data, or if not directly observable, were derived from or corroborated by other observable market data. There were no transfers between the different levels of the fair value hierarchy in 2015 or in 2014.
As of March 31, 2015, the estimated fair value of the $893.1 million principal amount of our term loans was approximately $893 million and the carrying amount was $888.6 million. The fair value was determined using quotes from the administrative agent of our credit facility that are based on the bid/ask prices of our term loans (Level 2). As of March 31, 2015, the estimated fair value of our exchangeable senior notes was approximately $669 million. The fair value of the exchangeable senior notes was estimated using quoted market prices obtained from brokers (Level 2). The fair value of other borrowings approximates book value based on the borrowing rates currently available for variable rate loans (Level 2).
As of December 31, 2014, assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis subsequent to initial recognition included assets classified as held for sale on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The carrying amount of $32.8 million for assets held for sale was equal to estimated fair value, which was based on the sales price agreed less costs to sell, and represented a Level 3 input. We completed the sale of these assets on March 20, 2015.
4. Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2015 | | December 31, 2014 |
Raw materials | $ | 2,358 |
| | $ | 3,570 |
|
Work in process | 13,319 |
| | 9,870 |
|
Finished goods | 15,015 |
| | 16,597 |
|
Total inventories | $ | 30,692 |
| | $ | 30,037 |
|
5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The gross carrying amount of goodwill was as follows (in thousands): |
| | | |
Balance at December 31, 2014 | $ | 702,713 |
|
Foreign exchange | (48,243 | ) |
Balance at March 31, 2015 | $ | 654,470 |
|
The gross carrying amounts and net book values of our intangible assets were as follows (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2015 | | December 31, 2014 |
| Remaining Weighted- Average Useful Life (In years) | | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net Book Value | | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net Book Value |
Acquired developed technologies | 12.7 | | $ | 1,317,675 |
| | $ | (256,258 | ) | | $ | 1,061,417 |
| | $ | 1,450,606 |
| | $ | (259,889 | ) | | $ | 1,190,717 |
|
Manufacturing contracts | 2.8 | | 11,616 |
| | (3,458 | ) | | 8,158 |
| | 13,012 |
| | (3,060 | ) | | 9,952 |
|
Trademarks | — | | 2,880 |
| | (2,880 | ) | | — |
| | 2,914 |
| | (2,896 | ) | | 18 |
|
Total finite-lived intangible assets | | | 1,332,171 |
| | (262,596 | ) | | 1,069,575 |
| | 1,466,532 |
| | (265,845 | ) | | 1,200,687 |
|
Acquired IPR&D assets | | | 214,733 |
| | — |
| | 214,733 |
| | 236,748 |
| | — |
| | 236,748 |
|
Total intangible assets | | | $ | 1,546,904 |
| | $ | (262,596 | ) | | $ | 1,284,308 |
| | $ | 1,703,280 |
| | $ | (265,845 | ) | | $ | 1,437,435 |
|
The decrease in the gross carrying amount of intangible assets as of March 31, 2015 compared to December 31, 2014 reflects the negative impact of foreign currency translation adjustments which is primarily due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the Euro.
The assumptions and estimates used to determine future cash flows and remaining useful lives of our intangible and other long-lived assets are complex and subjective. They can be affected by various factors, including external factors, such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our forecasts for specific product lines.
Based on finite-lived intangible assets recorded as of March 31, 2015, and assuming the underlying assets will not be impaired and that we will not change the expected lives of the assets, future amortization expenses were estimated as follows (in thousands):
|
| | | |
Year Ending December 31, | Estimated Amortization Expense |
2015 (remainder) | $ | 70,507 |
|
2016 | 90,688 |
|
2017 | 90,688 |
|
2018 | 87,168 |
|
2019 | 86,952 |
|
Thereafter | 643,572 |
|
Total | $ | 1,069,575 |
|
6. Certain Balance Sheet Items
Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2015 | | December 31, 2014 |
Construction-in-progress | $ | 49,447 |
| | $ | 37,145 |
|
Computer software | 12,460 |
| | 10,634 |
|
Computer equipment
| 8,754 |
| | 7,670 |
|
Leasehold improvements | 8,191 |
| | 7,931 |
|
Machinery and equipment | 5,804 |
| | 6,408 |
|
Furniture and fixtures | 2,171 |
| | 2,220 |
|
Land and buildings | 1,380 |
| | 1,547 |
|
Subtotal | 88,207 |
| | 73,555 |
|
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | (16,924 | ) | | (15,192 | ) |
Property and equipment, net | $ | 71,283 |
| | $ | 58,363 |
|
Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2015 | | December 31, 2014 |
Rebates and other sales deductions | $ | 58,003 |
| | $ | 51,899 |
|
Employee compensation and benefits | 27,707 |
| | 46,143 |
|
Sales returns reserve | 10,777 |
| | 14,039 |
|
Accrued interest
| 7,637 |
| | 10,327 |
|
Royalties | 7,158 |
| | 7,964 |
|
Accrued construction-in-progress | 6,050 |
| | 4,931 |
|
Professional fees | 3,726 |
| | 3,295 |
|
Other | 25,917 |
| | 25,493 |
|
Total accrued liabilities | $ | 146,975 |
| | $ | 164,091 |
|
7. Debt
As of March 31, 2015, the principal balance of our outstanding debt was $1.5 billion, which included $893.1 million of outstanding secured debt under a credit agreement that we entered into in June 2012 and subsequently amended in June 2013 and January 2014, which we refer to as our credit agreement, and $575.0 million of outstanding debt under our 1.875% exchangeable senior notes due 2021, or the 2021 Notes, which were issued in August 2014.
The following table summarizes the carrying amount of our indebtedness (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2015 | | December 31, 2014 |
1.875% exchangeable senior notes due 2021 | $ | 575,000 |
| | $ | 575,000 |
|
Unamortized discount on 1.875% exchangeable senior notes due 2021 | (120,985 | ) | | (124,735 | ) |
1.875% exchangeable senior notes due 2021, net | 454,015 |
| | 450,265 |
|
Term loans | 888,550 |
| | 890,479 |
|
Other borrowings | 1,484 |
| | 1,684 |
|
Total debt | 1,344,049 |
| | 1,342,428 |
|
Less current portion | 9,388 |
| | 9,428 |
|
Total long-term debt | $ | 1,334,661 |
| | $ | 1,333,000 |
|
The 2021 Notes were issued by Jazz Investments I Limited, or the Issuer, a 100%-owned finance subsidiary of Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc. The Issuer’s obligations under the 2021 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc. No subsidiary of Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc guaranteed the 2021 Notes. Subject to certain local law restrictions on payment of dividends, among other things, and potential negative tax consequences, we are not aware of any significant restrictions on the ability of Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc to obtain funds from the Issuer or Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc’s other subsidiaries by dividend or loan, or any legal or economic restrictions on the ability of the Issuer or Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc’s other subsidiaries to transfer funds to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc in the form of cash dividends, loans or advances. There is no assurance that in the future such restrictions will not be adopted.
As of March 31, 2015, the carrying value of the equity component of the 2021 Notes, net of equity issuance costs, was $126.9 million.
The credit agreement, which provides for term loans and a revolving credit facility, contains a financial covenant that requires Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc and its restricted subsidiaries to maintain a maximum secured leverage ratio. We were, as of March 31, 2015, and are currently in compliance with this financial covenant. As of March 31, 2015, the interest rate on the term loans was 3.25% and the effective interest rate was 4.1%. As of March 31, 2015, we had undrawn revolving credit facilities totaling $425.0 million of which $1.1 million was committed for an outstanding letter of credit.
Maturities
Scheduled maturities with respect to our long-term debt are as follows (in thousands):
|
| | | |
Year Ending December 31, | Scheduled Long-Term Debt Maturities |
2015 (remainder) | $ | 7,106 |
|
2016 | 9,391 |
|
2017 | 9,396 |
|
2018 | 868,452 |
|
2019 | 101 |
|
Thereafter | 575,134 |
|
Total | $ | 1,469,580 |
|
8. Commitments and Contingencies
Indemnification
In the normal course of business, we enter into agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnification, including indemnification associated with product liability or infringement of intellectual property rights. Our exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves future claims that may be made but have not yet been made against us. To date, we have not paid any claims or been required to defend any action related to these indemnification obligations.
We have agreed to indemnify our executive officers, directors and certain other employees for losses and costs incurred in connection with certain events or occurrences, including advancing money to cover certain costs, subject to certain limitations. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under the indemnification obligations is unlimited; however, we maintain insurance policies that may limit our exposure and may enable us to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. Assuming the applicability of coverage and the willingness of the insurer to assume coverage, and subject to certain retention, loss limits and other policy provisions, we believe the fair value of these indemnification obligations is not significant. Accordingly, we did not recognize any liabilities relating to these obligations as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. No assurances can be given that the covering insurers will not attempt to dispute the validity, applicability, or amount of coverage without expensive litigation against these insurers, in which case we may incur substantial liabilities as a result of these indemnification obligations.
Lease and Other Commitments
We have noncancelable operating leases for our office buildings and we are obligated to make payments under noncancelable operating leases for automobiles used by our sales force. Future minimum lease payments under our noncancelable operating leases at March 31, 2015 were as follows (in thousands):
|
| | | |
Year Ending December 31, | Lease Payments |
2015 (remainder) | $ | 7,422 |
|
2016 | 7,609 |
|
2017 | 7,137 |
|
2018 | 7,831 |
|
2019 | 7,145 |
|
Thereafter | 73,265 |
|
Total | $ | 110,409 |
|
In January 2015, we entered into an agreement to lease office space located in Palo Alto, California in a building to be constructed by the landlord. We expect to occupy this office space by the end of 2017. The lease has a term of 12 years from the commencement date as defined in the lease agreement and we have an option to extend the term of the lease twice for a period of five years each. We are obligated to make lease payments totaling approximately $88 million over the initial term of the lease. In connection with this lease, the landlord is providing a tenant improvement allowance for the costs associated with the design, development and construction of tenant improvements for the leased facility. We are obligated to fund all costs incurred in excess of the tenant improvement allowance. The scope of the planned tenant improvements do not qualify as “normal tenant improvements” under the lease accounting guidance. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, we have concluded
we are the deemed owner of the building during the construction period. As of March 31, 2015, we recorded project construction costs of $1.0 million incurred by the landlord as construction-in-progress in property and equipment, net and a corresponding financing obligation in other non-current liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We will increase the asset and financing obligation as additional building costs are incurred by the landlord during the construction period. Rent expense of $0.4 million associated with the ground lease during construction was recognized in the condensed consolidated statement of operations in the three months ended March 31, 2015.
As of March 31, 2015, we had $27.4 million of noncancelable purchase commitments due within one year, primarily related to agreements with third party manufacturers.
In April 2015, we amended an existing operating sublease for office space in Palo Alto, California for additional office space and extended the term of this sublease to December 2017. As a result of the amendment, we are obligated to make additional lease payments of approximately $10 million. We also obtained an option to extend the term of the sublease twice for a period of one year each.
Legal Proceedings
We are involved in several legal proceedings, including the following matters:
Xyrem ANDA Matters: On October 18, 2010, we received a notice of Paragraph IV Patent Certification, or Paragraph IV Certification, from Roxane that it had submitted an ANDA to the FDA requesting approval to market a generic version of Xyrem (sodium oxybate) oral solution. Roxane’s initial notice alleged that all five patents then listed for Xyrem in the FDA’s publication “Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations,” or Orange Book, on the date of the notice are invalid, unenforceable or not infringed by Roxane’s proposed generic product. On November 22, 2010, we filed a lawsuit against Roxane in response to Roxane’s initial notice in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey, or the District Court, seeking a permanent injunction to prevent Roxane from introducing a generic version of Xyrem that would infringe our patents. In accordance with the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, or Hatch-Waxman Act, as a result of our having filed a timely lawsuit against Roxane, FDA approval of Roxane’s ANDA was stayed for 30 months, or until April 18, 2013. That stay has expired. Additional patents covering Xyrem were issued between December 2010 and December 2012, and, after receiving Paragraph IV Certification notices from Roxane, we filed additional lawsuits against Roxane on February 4, 2011, May 2, 2011, October 26, 2012 and December 5, 2012 to include these additional patents in the litigation. All of the lawsuits filed against Roxane between 2010 and 2012 have been consolidated by the District Court into a single case, or the Roxane consolidated case, alleging that 10 of our patents covering Xyrem are or will be infringed by Roxane’s ANDA and seeking a permanent injunction to prevent Roxane from launching a generic version of Xyrem that would infringe these patents.
In December 2013, the District Court permitted Roxane to amend its answer in the Roxane consolidated case to allege additional equitable defenses, and the parties were given additional time for discovery on those new defenses. In addition, in March 2014, the District Court granted our motion to bifurcate and stay the portion of the Roxane consolidated case regarding patents related to the distribution system for Xyrem. Although no trial date has been scheduled, based on the District Court’s current schedule, we anticipate that trial on the patents in the Roxane consolidated case that are not subject to the stay could occur as early as the fourth quarter of 2015. We do not have any estimate of a possible trial date for trial on the patents in the Roxane consolidated case that are currently subject to the stay. The actual timing of events in this litigation may be significantly earlier or later than we currently anticipate, and we cannot predict the specific timing or outcome of events in this litigation.
On April 1, 2014 and January 15, 2015, we received additional notices of Paragraph IV Certification from Roxane regarding newly issued patents for Xyrem listed in the Orange Book. On February 20, 2015, we filed a new lawsuit against Roxane in the District Court, alleging that three of our patents covering Xyrem are infringed or will be infringed by Roxane’s ANDA and seeking a permanent injunction to prevent Roxane from introducing a generic version of Xyrem that would infringe these patents. On April 20, 2015, Roxane moved to dismiss claims involving our patent covering a part of the Xyrem label that instructs prescribers on adjusting the dose of Xyrem when it is being co-administered with divalproex sodium (also known as valproate or valproic acid) on the grounds that this patent does not cover patentable subject matter. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of events in this matter or its impact on the Roxane consolidated case.
On December 10, 2012, December 12, 2012 and August 8, 2013, we received notices of Paragraph IV Certification from Amneal Pharmaceuticals, LLC, or Amneal, that it had submitted an ANDA to the FDA requesting approval to market a generic version of Xyrem. On January 18, 2013 and September 12, 2013, we filed lawsuits against Amneal in the District Court, alleging that nine of our patents covering Xyrem are infringed or will be infringed by Amneal’s ANDA and seeking a permanent injunction to prevent Amneal from introducing a generic version of Xyrem that would infringe these patents. These lawsuits against Amneal were consolidated by the District Court on November 6, 2013.
On November 21, 2013 and November 24, 2013, we received notices of Paragraph IV Certification from Par Pharmaceutical, Inc., or Par, that it had submitted an ANDA to the FDA requesting approval to market a generic version of Xyrem. On December 27, 2013, we filed a lawsuit against Par in the District Court, alleging that 13 of our patents covering Xyrem are infringed or will be infringed by Par’s ANDA and seeking a permanent injunction to prevent Par from introducing a generic version of Xyrem that would infringe these patents.
In April 2014, Amneal asked the District Court to consolidate its case with the Par case, stating that both cases would proceed on the schedule for the Par case. The District Court granted this request in May 2014. The order consolidating the cases provides that Amneal’s 30-month stay period will be extended to coincide with the date of Par’s 30-month stay period. As a result, FDA’s approval of both Amneal’s and Par’s ANDAs is stayed until the earlier of (i) May 20, 2016, or (ii) a District Court decision finding that the identified patents are invalid, unenforceable or not infringed. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of events in the Amneal/Par consolidated case or their impact on other ongoing proceedings with Amneal or Par as described below.
On April 7, 2014 and January 19, 2015, we received additional notices of Paragraph IV Certification from Amneal regarding newly issued patents for Xyrem listed in the Orange Book. On May 20, 2014 and February 6, 2015, we filed additional lawsuits against Amneal in the District Court, alleging that four of our patents covering Xyrem are infringed or will be infringed by Amneal’s ANDA and seeking a permanent injunction to prevent Amneal from introducing a generic version of Xyrem that would infringe these patents. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of events in these matters or their impact on other ongoing proceedings with Amneal.
On July 3, 2014, August 6, 2014 and November 25, 2014, we received additional notices of Paragraph IV Certification from Par regarding newly issued patents for Xyrem listed in the Orange Book. We filed additional lawsuits against Par in the District Court on August 15, 2014, October 2, 2014 and January 8, 2015, alleging that three of our patents covering Xyrem are infringed or will be infringed by Par’s ANDA and seeking a permanent injunction to prevent Par from introducing a generic version of Xyrem that would infringe these patents. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of events in these matters or their impact on other ongoing proceedings with Par.
On June 4, 2014, we received a notice of Paragraph IV Certification from Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited, or Ranbaxy, that it had submitted an ANDA to the FDA requesting approval to market a generic version of Xyrem. On June 6, 2014, we received a notice of an amended Paragraph IV Certification from Ranbaxy. On July 15, 2014, we filed a lawsuit against Ranbaxy in the District Court, alleging that 14 of our patents covering Xyrem are infringed or will be infringed by Ranbaxy’s ANDA and seeking a permanent injunction to prevent Ranbaxy from introducing a generic version of Xyrem that will infringe these patents. On August 20, 2014 and December 1, 2014, we received additional notices of Paragraph IV Certification from Ranbaxy regarding newly issued patents for Xyrem listed in the Orange Book. On October 2, 2014 and January 9, 2015, we filed additional lawsuits against Ranbaxy in the District Court, alleging that two of our patents covering Xyrem are infringed or will be infringed by Ranbaxy’s ANDA and seeking a permanent injunction to prevent Ranbaxy from introducing a generic version of Xyrem that would infringe these patents. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of events in these matters or their impact on other ongoing proceedings with Ranbaxy.
On October 30, 2014, we received a notice of Paragraph IV Certification from Watson Laboratories, Inc., or Watson, that it has submitted an ANDA to the FDA requesting approval to market a generic version of Xyrem. On December 11, 2014, we filed a lawsuit against Watson in the District Court, alleging that 15 of our patents covering Xyrem are or will be infringed by Watson’s ANDA and seeking a permanent injunction to prevent Watson from introducing a generic version of Xyrem that would infringe these patents. On March 23, 2015, Watson moved to dismiss the portion of the case based on our Orange Book-listed patents covering the distribution system for Xyrem on the grounds that these patents do not cover patentable subject matter. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of events in this litigation.
In January 2015, Amneal, Ranbaxy and Watson proposed the consolidation of their respective cases and a consolidated schedule to the District Court, while Par sought its own proposed schedule with the District Court, notwithstanding the prior consolidation of portions of the Par and Amneal cases. In April 2015, the District Court issued an order that consolidated all then-pending lawsuits against Amneal, Par, Ranbaxy and Watson into one case, the Amneal/Par/Ranbaxy/Watson consolidated case. Under a related scheduling order issued in March 2015, the District Court would hold a Markman hearing for the Amneal/Par/Ranbaxy/Watson consolidated case no earlier than January 2016. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of events in the Amneal/Par/Ranbaxy/Watson consolidated case or their impact on other ongoing proceedings with any individual ANDA filer, including Roxane, Amneal, Par, Ranbaxy or Watson.
On March 23, 2015, March 24, 2015, March 26, 2015 and April 16, 2015, we received an additional notice of Paragraph IV Certification from each of Par, Amneal, Ranbaxy and Roxane, respectively, regarding a newly issued method of treatment patent for Xyrem listed in the Orange Book.
Xyrem Post-Grant Patent Review Matters: Between June and August 2014, petitions seeking covered business method, or CBM, post-grant patent review by the PTAB were filed by certain of the ANDA filers with respect to the validity of six of our
patents related to the distribution system for Xyrem. In the fall of 2014, we filed preliminary responses to the petitions in which, among other things, we asserted that the challenged patents should not be subject to CBM review. In early 2015, the PTAB issued decisions denying institution of CBM review for all of these petitions.
In January 2015, petitions for IPR were filed by certain of the ANDA filers with respect to the validity of six of our patents related to the distribution system for Xyrem. In April 2015, we filed preliminary responses to these petitions, opposing the petitions and stating reasons that review should not be granted. In addition, in April 2015, a hedge fund (acting with affiliated entities and individuals and proceeding under the name of the Coalition for Affordable Drugs III LLC) filed an IPR petition challenging the validity of one of our Xyrem distribution patents that is already the subject of a previously-filed IPR petition. The PTAB has not yet determined whether to institute proceedings with respect to these petitions for IPR. We cannot predict whether PTAB will institute any of the petitioned IPR proceedings, whether additional post-grant patent review challenges will be filed by any of the ANDA filers or any other entity, the outcome of any IPR or other proceeding if instituted, or the impact any IPR or other proceeding might have on ongoing ANDA litigation proceedings.
FazaClo ANDA Matters: Azur Pharma Public Limited Company, or Azur Pharma (prior to the business combination between Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Azur Pharma) received notices of Paragraph IV Certifications from three generics manufacturers, Barr Laboratories, Inc., or Barr, Novel Laboratories, Inc., or Novel, and Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Mylan, indicating that ANDAs had been filed with the FDA requesting approval to market generic versions of FazaClo® (clozapine, USP) LD orally disintegrating clozapine tablets. Azur Pharma and CIMA Labs Inc., or CIMA, a subsidiary of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, or Teva, our licensor and the entity whose drug-delivery technology is incorporated into FazaClo LD, filed a lawsuit in response to each certification claiming infringement based on such certification against Barr on August 21, 2008, against Novel on November 25, 2008 and against Mylan on July 23, 2010. Each case was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, or the Delaware Court. On July 6, 2011, CIMA, Azur Pharma and Teva, which had acquired Barr, entered into an agreement settling the patent litigation and Azur Pharma granted a sublicense to an affiliate of Teva of Azur Pharma’s rights to have manufactured, market and sell a generic version of both FazaClo LD and FazaClo HD, as well as an option for supply of authorized generic product. The sublicense for FazaClo LD commenced in July 2012, and the sublicense for FazaClo HD will commence in May 2015. Teva exercised its option for supply of an authorized generic product for FazaClo LD and launched the authorized generic product at the end of August 2012. Teva has also exercised its option for supply of an authorized generic product for FazaClo HD. The Novel and Mylan matters had been stayed pending reexamination of the patents in the lawsuits. In September 2013 and January 2014, reexamination certificates were issued for the two patents-in-suit, and the patentability of the claims of the patents confirmed. The Delaware Court lifted the stay of litigation in the two cases in March 2014. On December 19, 2014, we and CIMA entered into an agreement with Novel settling the patent litigation against Novel and we granted Novel a sublicense to manufacture, market and sell a generic version of FazaClo LD and, if applicable, FazaClo HD. The sublicense will commence on May 1, 2017, or earlier upon the occurrence of certain events. Trial in the Mylan case is currently set for the third quarter of 2015, but we cannot predict the specific timing or outcome of this litigation.
Cutler Matter: On October 19, 2011, Dr. Neal Cutler, one of the original owners of FazaClo, filed a complaint against Azur Pharma and one of its subsidiaries, as well as Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Avanir, in the California Superior Court in the County of Los Angeles, or the Superior Court. The complaint alleges that Azur Pharma and its subsidiary breached certain contractual obligations. Azur Pharma acquired rights to FazaClo from Avanir in 2007. The complaint alleges that as part of the acquisition of FazaClo, Azur Pharma’s subsidiary agreed to assume certain contingent payment obligations to Dr. Cutler. The complaint further alleges that certain contingent payments are due because revenue thresholds have been achieved, entitling Dr. Cutler to a $10.5 million and an additional $25.0 million contingent payment, plus unspecified punitive damages and attorneys’ fees. In March 2012, the Superior Court granted our petition to compel arbitration of the dispute in New York and stayed the Superior Court litigation. In July 2012, the arbitrator dismissed the arbitration on the grounds that the parties’ dispute falls outside of the scope of the arbitration clause in the applicable contract. That ruling was affirmed by the California Court of Appeal in January 2014, and the case was remanded to Superior Court for discovery and trial. Trial has been scheduled for October 2015. We cannot predict the specific timing or outcome of this litigation.
Shareholder Litigation Matter: In January 2014, we became aware of a purported class action lawsuit filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York in connection with the Gentium Acquisition. The lawsuit named Gentium, each of the Gentium’s directors, us and our Italian subsidiary as defendants. The lawsuit alleged, among other things, that Gentium’s directors breached their fiduciary duties to Gentium’s shareholders in connection with the Gentium tender offer agreement that Gentium entered into with us and our Italian subsidiary valuing Gentium ordinary shares and American Depositary Shares at $57.00 per share, and that we and our Italian subsidiary violated Sections 14(e) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, by allegedly overseeing Gentium’s preparation of an allegedly false and misleading Section 14D-9 Solicitation/Recommendation Statement. On November 19, 2014, the plaintiff dismissed us and our Italian subsidiary from the lawsuit. On January 22, 2015, the entire lawsuit was dismissed with prejudice by the court.
From time to time we are involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. We believe there is no other litigation pending that could have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.
Other Contingencies
We have not previously submitted pricing data for two radiopharmaceutical products, ProstaScint® (capromab pendetide) and Quadramet® (samarium sm 153 lexidronam injection), for Medicaid and the Public Health Service’s 340B drug pricing discount program. We engaged in interactions with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, and a trade group, the Council on Radionuclides and Radiopharmaceuticals, or CORAR, regarding the reporting of Medicaid pricing data and paying Medicaid rebates for radiopharmaceutical products. For ProstaScint, we plan to begin making any required reports when CMS issues guidance on any requirements and reporting methodologies. We sold Quadramet to a third party in December 2013, but have retained any liabilities related to sales of the product during prior periods. In addition to the discussions with CMS as part of CORAR, we have had separate discussions with CMS directly regarding Quadramet. We are currently unable to predict whether price reporting and rebates will be required for ProstaScint and Quadramet and, if so, for what period they will be required. The initiation of any reporting of Medicaid pricing data for ProstaScint and Quadramet could result in retroactive 340B ceiling price liability for these two products as well as prospective 340B ceiling price obligations for ProstaScint. We are currently unable to reasonably estimate an amount or range of a potential contingent loss. Any material liability resulting from radiopharmaceutical price reporting would negatively impact our financial results.
9. Shareholders’ Equity
The following tables present a reconciliation of our beginning and ending balances in shareholders’ equity for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively (in thousands): |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Attributable to: |
| Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc | | Noncontrolling interests | | Total Shareholders' Equity |
Shareholders' equity at January 1, 2015 | $ | 1,371,144 |
| | $ | 64 |
| | $ | 1,371,208 |
|
Issuance of ordinary shares in conjunction with employee equity incentive plans | 13,504 |
| | — |
| | 13,504 |
|
Employee withholding taxes related to share-based awards | (14,778 | ) | | — |
| | (14,778 | ) |
Share-based compensation | 20,896 |
| | — |
| | 20,896 |
|
Tax benefit from employee share options | 10,635 |
| | — |
| | 10,635 |
|
Shares repurchased | (10,338 | ) | | — |
| | (10,338 | ) |
Other comprehensive loss | (156,487 | ) | | (10 | ) | | (156,497 | ) |
Net income | 70,700 |
| | — |
| | 70,700 |
|
Shareholders' equity at March 31, 2015 | $ | 1,305,276 |
| | $ | 54 |
| | $ | 1,305,330 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Attributable to: |
| Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc | | Noncontrolling interests | | Total Shareholders' Equity |
Shareholders' equity at January 1, 2014 | $ | 1,295,534 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,295,534 |
|
Noncontrolling interests from the Gentium Acquisition | — |
| | 136,578 |
| | 136,578 |
|
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests | (924 | ) | | (118,251 | ) | | (119,175 | ) |
Issuance of ordinary shares in conjunction with employee equity incentive plans and warrant exercises | 21,467 |
| | — |
| | 21,467 |
|
Employee withholding taxes related to share-based awards | (9,363 | ) | | — |
| | (9,363 | ) |
Share-based compensation | 14,313 |
| | — |
| | 14,313 |
|
Tax benefit from employee share options | 5,777 |
| | — |
| | 5,777 |
|
Other comprehensive income | 14,739 |
| | 277 |
| | 15,016 |
|
Net loss | (92,650 | ) | | (989 | ) | | (93,639 | ) |
Shareholders' equity at March 31, 2014 | $ | 1,248,893 |
| | $ | 17,615 |
| | $ | 1,266,508 |
|
Share Repurchase Program
In May 2013, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program pursuant to which we may repurchase a number of ordinary shares having an aggregate repurchase price of up to $200 million, exclusive of any brokerage commissions. In the three months ended March 31, 2015, we spent a total of $10.3 million to purchase 0.1 million of our ordinary shares under the share repurchase program at an average total purchase price, including commissions, of $164.54 per share. All ordinary shares repurchased by us were canceled. As of March 31, 2015, the remaining amount authorized under the share repurchase program was $11.0 million.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 were as follows (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | |
| Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments | | Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |
Balance at December 31, 2014 | $ | (122,097 | ) | | $ | (122,097 | ) |
Other comprehensive loss | (156,487 | ) | | (156,487 | ) |
Balance at March 31, 2015 | $ | (278,584 | ) | | $ | (278,584 | ) |
In the three months ended March 31, 2015, other comprehensive loss reflects foreign currency translation adjustments which are primarily due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the Euro.
10. Segment and Other Information
Our operating segment is reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker, or CODM. Our CODM has been identified as our chief executive officer. We have determined that we operate in one business segment which is the development and commercialization of meaningful pharmaceutical products that address unmet medical needs. The following table presents a summary of total revenues (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2015 | | 2014 |
Xyrem® (sodium oxybate) oral solution | $ | 212,690 |
| | $ | 160,378 |
|
Erwinaze®/Erwinase® (asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi) | 50,353 |
| | 46,920 |
|
Defitelio® (defibrotide)/defibrotide | 17,363 |
| | 12,209 |
|
Prialt® (ziconotide) intrathecal infusion | 6,764 |
| | 4,309 |
|
Psychiatry | 9,093 |
| | 9,866 |
|
Other | 10,772 |
| | 11,304 |
|
Product sales, net | 307,035 |
| | 244,986 |
|
Royalties and contract revenues | 2,268 |
| | 1,933 |
|
Total revenues | $ | 309,303 |
| | $ | 246,919 |
|
The following table presents a summary of total revenues attributed to geographic sources (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2015 | | 2014 |
United States | $ | 269,247 |
| | $ | 214,956 |
|
Europe | 32,635 |
| | 24,343 |
|
All other | 7,421 |
| | 7,620 |
|
Total revenues | $ | 309,303 |
| | $ | 246,919 |
|
The following table presents a summary of the percentage of total revenues from customers that represented more than 10% of our total revenues:
|
| | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2015 | | 2014 |
Express Scripts | 69 | % | | 65 | % |
Accredo Health Group, Inc. | 13 | % | | 15 | % |
The following table presents total long-lived assets, consisting of property and equipment, by location (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2015 | | December 31, 2014 |
Ireland | $ | 50,190 |
| | $ | 37,775 |
|
United States | 10,963 |
| | 9,795 |
|
Italy | 7,767 |
| | 8,462 |
|
Other | 2,363 |
| | 2,331 |
|
Total long-lived assets | $ | 71,283 |
| | $ | 58,363 |
|
11. Share-Based Compensation
Share-based compensation expense related to share options, RSUs and grants under our ESPP was as follows (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2015 | | 2014 |
Selling, general and administrative | $ | 16,639 |
| | $ | 11,175 |
|
Research and development | 3,485 |
| | 2,459 |
|
Cost of product sales | 695 |
| | 181 |
|
Total share-based compensation expense, pre-tax | 20,819 |
| | 13,815 |
|
Tax benefit from share-based compensation expense | (6,154 | ) | | (4,286 | ) |
Total share-based compensation expense, net of tax | $ | 14,665 |
| | $ | 9,529 |
|
Share Options
The table below shows the number of shares underlying options granted to purchase our ordinary shares, the weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the resulting weighted-average grant date fair value of share options granted:
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2015 | | 2014 |
Shares underlying options granted (in thousands) | 880 |
| | 706 |
|
Grant date fair value | $ | 57.49 |
| | $ | 63.08 |
|
Black-Scholes option pricing model assumption information: | | | |
Volatility | 39 | % | | 46 | % |
Expected term (years) | 4.2 |
| | 4.3 |
|
Range of risk-free rates | 1.1-1.3% |
| | 1.1-1.2% |
|
Expected dividend yield | — | % | | — | % |
Restricted Stock Units
The table below shows the number of RSUs granted covering an equal number of our ordinary shares and the weighted-average grant date fair value of RSUs granted:
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2015 | | 2014 |
RSUs granted (in thousands) | 338 |
| | 341 |
|
Grant date fair value | $ | 174.56 |
| | $ | 165.61 |
|
The fair value of RSUs is determined on the date of grant based on the market price of our ordinary shares on that date. The fair value of RSUs is recognized as expense ratably over the vesting period of four years.
As of March 31, 2015, compensation cost not yet recognized related to unvested share options and RSUs was $98.8 million and $109.6 million, respectively, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years and 2.6 years, respectively.
12. Restructuring
In the fourth quarter of 2014, we incurred severance costs for terminated employees in connection with our decision to discontinue sales representative-led promotion of our psychiatry products starting in 2015. In addition, we initiated a restructuring plan related to the consolidation of our U.K. office locations and incurred costs of severance for terminated employees and facility closure costs in connection with this plan. The one-time termination benefits were recorded over the remaining service period where employees were required to stay through their termination date to receive the benefits. We recorded costs related to these one-time termination benefits of $0.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 within
selling, general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Facility closure costs of $0.2 million incurred in the three months ended March 31, 2015 were recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2015, we had incurred total termination benefit and facility closure costs of $2.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in connection with these plans. We do not expect to incur additional termination benefit or facility closure costs in 2015.
The following table summarizes the amounts related to restructuring through March 31, 2015 (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Termination Benefits | | Facility Closure Costs | | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2014 | $ | 1,823 |
| | $ | 118 |
| | $ | 1,941 |
|
Costs incurred during the period | 371 |
| | 182 |
| | 553 |
|
Cash payments | (1,756 | ) | | (117 | ) | | (1,873 | ) |
Balance at March 31, 2015 | $ | 438 |
| | $ | 183 |
| | $ | 621 |
|
The balances as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 were included within accrued liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
13. Income Taxes
Our income tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was $32.1 million compared to $17.0 million for the same period in 2014. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was 31.2%. After adjusting the loss before income tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2014 by excluding upfront and milestone payments of $127.0 million for rights to JZP-110, which were acquired by our subsidiary in a non-taxable jurisdiction, the effective tax rate on the resulting income before income tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2014 was 33.8%. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to changes in income mix among the various jurisdictions in which we operate, the impact of originating tax credits and increased deductions available in relation to subsidiary equity. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was higher than the Irish statutory rate of 12.5% primarily due to income taxable at a rate higher than the Irish statutory rate, uncertain tax positions, current year losses in some jurisdictions for which no tax benefit is available and various expenses not deductible for tax purposes, partially offset by originating tax credits and deductions available in relation to subsidiary equity. We do not provide for Irish income taxes on undistributed earnings of our foreign operations that are intended to be indefinitely reinvested in our foreign subsidiaries.
Our deferred tax assets are comprised primarily of U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards, foreign net operating loss carryforwards and other temporary differences. We maintain a valuation allowance against certain U.S. state and foreign deferred tax assets. Each reporting period, we evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets by jurisdiction and adjust our estimates as more information becomes available.
We are required to recognize the financial statement effects of a tax position when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. As a result, we have established a liability for certain tax benefits which we judge may not be sustained upon examination. Our most significant tax jurisdictions are Ireland, the United States (both at the federal level and in various state jurisdictions), Italy and France. Because of our net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards, substantially all of our tax years remain open to federal, state, and foreign tax examination. Certain of our subsidiaries are currently under examination by the French tax authorities for fiscal years 2012 and 2013 and by Italian tax authorities for fiscal year 2012. We do not anticipate that the amount of our existing liability for unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change within the next 12 months.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. When reviewing the discussion below, you should keep in mind the substantial risks and uncertainties that could impact our business. In particular, we encourage you to review the risks and uncertainties described in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements contained in this report or implied by past results and trends. Forward-looking statements are statements that attempt to forecast or anticipate future developments in our business, financial condition or results of operations. See the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” that appears at the end of this discussion. These statements, like all statements in this report, speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (unless another date is indicated), and we undertake no obligation to update or revise these statements in light of future developments.
Overview
Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc is an international biopharmaceutical company focused on improving patients’ lives by identifying, developing and commercializing meaningful products that address unmet medical needs. We have a diverse portfolio of products and product candidates, with a focus in the areas of sleep and hematology/oncology. Our lead marketed products are:
| |
• | Xyrem® (sodium oxybate) oral solution, the only product approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, for the treatment of both cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness, or EDS, in patients with narcolepsy; |
| |
• | Erwinaze® (asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi), a treatment approved in the United States and in certain markets in Europe (where it is marketed as Erwinase®) for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or ALL, who have developed hypersensitivity to E. coli-derived asparaginase; and |
| |
• | Defitelio® (defibrotide), a product approved in Europe for the treatment of severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease, or VOD, in adults and children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or HSCT, therapy. |
Our strategy is to continue to create shareholder value by:
| |
• | Growing sales of the existing products in our portfolio, including by identifying new growth opportunities; |
| |
• | Acquiring additional differentiated products that are on the market or product candidates that are in late-stage development; and |
| |
• | Pursuing focused development of a pipeline of post-discovery differentiated product candidates. |
We continue to make progress on the execution of our strategy. In the three months ended March 31, 2015, our total net product sales increased by 25% compared to the same period in 2014, primarily from sales of our lead marketed products. Specifically, product sales increased by 33% for Xyrem, 7% for Erwinaze/Erwinase and 42% for Defitelio/defibrotide (or 15% for Defitelio/defibrotide on a pro forma basis) in the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014. The pro forma information represents net sales of Defitelio/defibrotide as if our acquisition of Gentium S.p.A., or Gentium, that closed on January 23, 2014, or the Gentium Acquisition, had closed on January 1, 2014. Total product sales are expected to increase in 2015 over 2014, primarily due to anticipated growth in sales of our lead marketed products.
On February 27, 2015, the FDA notified Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of our company, of (i) the FDA’s approval of the risk evaluation and mitigation strategy, or REMS, for Xyrem in the form submitted by us in November 2014, which includes provisions requiring distribution through a single pharmacy, and (ii) the FDA’s denial of our dispute resolution appeal as moot as a result of approval of the Xyrem REMS. We expect to implement the final approved Xyrem REMS by late August 2015 and to submit ongoing assessments, in each case as set forth in the FDA’s Xyrem REMS approval notice.
In the Xyrem REMS approval notice, the FDA states its conclusion that the Xyrem REMS meets the applicable statutory standards. The approval notice also includes statements from the FDA that (i) the approval action should not be construed or understood as agreement with us that dispensing through a single pharmacy is the only way to ensure that the benefits of Xyrem outweigh its risks, and that the FDA has continuing concerns that limiting the distribution of Xyrem to one pharmacy imposes burdens on patient access and the healthcare delivery system and (ii) as with all REMS, the FDA intends to evaluate the Xyrem REMS on an ongoing basis and will require modifications as may be appropriate.
During 2014, Defitelio was launched in a number of European countries. We expect to continue to launch the product in additional European countries on a rolling basis in 2015 and are in the process of making pricing and reimbursement submissions with respect to Defitelio, and discussing them with regulatory authorities, in those European countries where
Defitelio is not yet launched, including in countries where pricing and reimbursement approvals are required for launch. Defibrotide has been, and continues to be, provided to patients where it is not commercially available through an expanded access treatment protocol that is open under an investigational new drug application in the United States and on a named patient basis elsewhere.
We continue to execute on our research and development activities, which include clinical development of new product candidates, line extensions for existing products and the generation of additional clinical data for existing products, all in our sleep and hematology/oncology therapeutic areas. A summary of the status of our development pipeline activities is provided below:
|
| | |
Project | Disease Area | Status |
Sleep | | |
JZP-110 | EDS in narcolepsy | Expect to initiate a Phase 3 clinical trial in the second quarter of 2015 |
| EDS in obstructive sleep apnea, or OSA | Expect to initiate two Phase 3 clinical trials in the second quarter of 2015 |
JZP-386 | EDS in narcolepsy | Phase 1 clinical trials completed |
Xyrem | Cataplexy in narcolepsy in children and adolescents | Phase 3 clinical trial initiated in the fourth quarter of 2014 |
Hematology/Oncology | |
Defibrotide | Severe VOD | Rolling new drug application, or NDA, submission initiated in the United States in December 2014; expect to complete the submission in mid-2015 |
Erwinaze
| ALL in young adult population | Pharmacokinetic study in Phase 2 terminated in the second quarter of 2015 due to inability to enroll patients |
JZP-416 | ALL | Phase 1 clinical trial in Europe completed; enrollment suspended in pivotal Phase 2 clinical trial in North America in first quarter of 2015 |
LeukotacTM | Steroid refractory acute graft vs. host disease, or GvHD | Phase 3 clinical trial enrollment completed; expect preliminary data in mid-2015 |
In the sleep area, we have ongoing and planned clinical studies for our product and product candidates.
| |
• | JZP-110. JZP-110 is a late-stage investigational compound being developed for potential treatment of EDS in patients with narcolepsy and EDS in patients with OSA. We acquired worldwide development, manufacturing and commercial rights to JZP-110 from Aerial BioPharma LLC, or Aerial, in January 2014, other than in certain jurisdictions in Asia where SK Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, or SK, retains rights. Based on feedback from the FDA on our development plans for JZP-110, we expect to commence our planned Phase 3 clinical program in the second quarter of 2015, subject to the availability of clinical trial materials. We plan to conduct one Phase 3 clinical trial in patients with EDS associated with narcolepsy and two Phase 3 clinical trials in patients with EDS associated with OSA. Approximately 880 patients are expected to be enrolled in these three trials in the aggregate. In addition, we plan to evaluate the long-term safety of JZP-110 in an open label extension trial and expect to enroll up to 450 patients from the three Phase 3 clinical trials in this extension trial. |
| |
• | JZP-386. JZP-386 is a deuterium-modified analog of sodium oxybate, the active pharmaceutical ingredient in Xyrem, which we licensed from Concert Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in February 2013. We have conducted preclinical research and development work on JZP-386 for its potential use in patients with narcolepsy. The first study of JZP-386 in humans to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the compound was conducted in 2014 under an approved investigational medicinal product dossier for JZP-386 in Europe. We completed a second Phase 1 study in the second quarter of 2015. Clinical data from this Phase 1 study demonstrated that JZP-386 provided favorable deuterium-related effects, including higher serum concentrations and correspondingly increased pharmacodynamics effects at clinically relevant time points compared to Xyrem. The safety profile of JZP-386 was similar to that observed with Xyrem. We have determined that while the Phase 1 studies warrant further evaluation of JZP-386, the results do not support advancing into a later-stage clinical trial of JZP-386 at this time. We intend to explore formulation options to enhance the positive effects observed in the studies to achieve an improved product profile. |
| |
• | Xyrem. While in many patients narcolepsy can begin during childhood and adolescence, there is limited information on the treatment of pediatric narcolepsy patients with Xyrem. We have worked with the FDA and several leading specialists to design a clinical trial to generate additional data on the treatment of pediatric narcolepsy patients with Xyrem. As a result, in the fourth quarter of 2014, we initiated a Phase 3 clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of Xyrem in children and adolescents aged seven to 17 who have narcolepsy with cataplexy. |
In the hematology and oncology area, we also have a number of development activities ongoing, including clinical trials.
| |
• | Defibrotide. We are engaged in activities related to the potential approval of defibrotide in the United States. We initiated a rolling NDA submission to the FDA for defibrotide for the treatment of severe VOD in December 2014 and expect to complete the submission in mid-2015. We are also assessing the potential for approval of defibrotide in other countries and for development of defibrotide in indications in addition to the treatment of severe VOD. |
| |
• | Erwinaze. In the second quarter of 2014, we initiated a pharmacokinetics study in Phase 2 to further evaluate the use of Erwinaze in young adults age 18 to 39 with ALL who are hypersensitive to E. coli-derived asparaginase. No patients had been enrolled in this trial as of April 2015, and we recently decided to terminate this trial based on an inability to enroll patients. |
| |
• | JZP-416 (formerly known as Asparec). We completed a Phase 1 clinical trial in Europe of JZP-416 (pegcrisantaspase), a PEGylated recombinant Erwinia chrysanthemi L-asparaginase, being developed for the treatment of patients with ALL who are hypersensitive to E. coli-derived asparaginase. In addition, we initiated our first study of JZP-416 in children in a pivotal Phase 2 clinical trial in North America in late 2014. In February 2015, we voluntarily suspended patient enrollment in this trial. Our decision to suspend enrollment and to discontinue treatment with JZP-416 for enrolled patients was based on the occurrence of hypersensitivity-like reactions following the administration of JZP-416 in some treated patients. We are in the process of collecting and evaluating the available data and plan to conduct additional research and analysis prior to determining whether to resume the study and determining next steps regarding the development of JZP-416. |
| |
• | Leukotac. We are conducting a Phase 3 clinical trial in Europe of Leukotac (inolimomab), an anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of steroid-refractory acute GvHD. We completed enrollment for this study in March 2014 and expect to receive preliminary data in mid-2015. |
For 2015 and beyond, we expect that our research and development expenses will increase substantially from historical levels, particularly as we initiate our planned clinical trials and related development work and potentially acquire rights to additional product candidates.
Over the past two years, we have made targeted investments to strengthen our operational capabilities to support our lead marketed products and product candidates in our primary therapeutic areas. During 2014, we reorganized our operations in Europe to focus on our hematology/oncology therapeutic area following the Gentium Acquisition and streamlined our U.S. commercial operations to devote more resources to our lead marketed products. In the fourth quarter of 2014, we entered into an agreement to sell certain products acquired as part of our acquisition of EUSA Pharma Inc., or the EUSA Acquisition, and the related business. The sale closed in March 2015 and allows us to focus our European commercial operations on Erwinase and Defitelio. In addition, in the Gentium Acquisition, we acquired a manufacturing facility located in Italy that produces active pharmaceutical ingredients, including defibrotide, and are constructing a manufacturing and development facility in Ireland.
We anticipate that we will continue to face a number of challenges and risks to our business and our ability to execute our strategy in 2015. For example, our financial results remain significantly influenced by sales of Xyrem, which accounted for 69.3% of our net product sales in the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 67.0% of our net product sales for the year ended December 31, 2014. As a result, we continue to place a high priority on seeking to maintain and increase sales of Xyrem in its approved indications, while remaining focused on ensuring the safe and effective use of the product. We are also focusing on the lifecycle management of Xyrem, including seeking to enhance and enforce our intellectual property rights and to develop product, service and safety improvements for patients.
Our ability to maintain or increase Xyrem product sales is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including those discussed in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In particular, five abbreviated new drug applications, or ANDAs, have been filed with the FDA by third parties seeking to market generic versions of Xyrem. We have initiated lawsuits against all five third parties, and the litigation proceedings are ongoing. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of these proceedings. Although no trial date has been set in any of the ANDA suits, we anticipate that trial on some of the patents in the case against the first ANDA filer, Roxane Laboratories, Inc., or Roxane, could occur as early as the fourth quarter of 2015. In addition, certain of the ANDA filers are challenging the validity of our patents covering the distribution system for Xyrem by filing petitions for inter partes review, or IPR, by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board, or PTAB, of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Furthermore, in April 2015, a hedge fund (acting with affiliated entities and individuals and proceeding under the name of the Coalition for Affordable Drugs III LLC) filed an IPR petition challenging the validity of one of our Xyrem distribution patents that is already the subject of a previously-filed IPR petition. The PTAB has not yet determined whether to institute proceedings with respect to the petitions for IPR. We cannot predict whether PTAB will institute any of the petitioned IPR proceedings, whether additional post-grant patent review challenges will be filed by any of the ANDA filers or any other entity, the outcome of any IPR or other proceeding if instituted, or the impact any IPR or other proceeding might have on ongoing ANDA litigation proceedings or other aspects of our Xyrem business.
We expect that the approval of an ANDA that results in the launch of a generic version of Xyrem, or the approval and launch of other sodium oxybate products that compete with Xyrem, would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
We are in the process of implementing the necessary systems, processes, procedures and activities to transition to the final Xyrem REMS approved by the FDA in late February 2015. While we expect to implement the Xyrem REMS by late August 2015 and to submit ongoing assessments, in each case as set forth in the FDA’s Xyrem REMS approval notice, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to do so in a timely manner, that our implementation of the approved Xyrem REMS will meet FDA requirements, that the assessments will be satisfactory to the FDA, or that the Xyrem REMS will satisfy FDA’s expectations in their anticipated evaluation of the Xyrem REMS on an ongoing basis. Any failure to transition to the Xyrem REMS in a timely manner and to the satisfaction of the FDA or to comply with the REMS obligations could negatively affect sales of Xyrem, result in additional costs and expenses for us, and/or take a significant amount of time, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. In addition, we cannot predict whether the FDA will seek to require or ultimately require modifications to the Xyrem REMS, including with respect to the distribution system, or seek to otherwise impose or ultimately impose additional requirements to the Xyrem REMS, or the potential timing, terms or propriety thereof. Any such modifications or additional requirements could potentially make it more difficult or expensive for us to distribute Xyrem, make it easier for future generic competitors, and/or negatively affect sales of Xyrem.
We also expect to continue to face pressure to develop a single shared REMS with potential generic competitors for Xyrem or to license or share intellectual property pertinent to the Xyrem REMS, which is the subject of multiple issued patents, or elements of the Xyrem REMS, with generic competitors. In January 2014, the FDA held an initial meeting with us and the then-current sodium oxybate ANDA applicants to facilitate the development of a single shared REMS for sodium oxybate. The parties have had regular interactions with respect to developing a single shared REMS since the initial meeting, and we expect the interactions to continue. If we do not develop a single shared REMS or license or share intellectual property pertinent to our Xyrem REMS with a generic competitor within a time frame or on terms that the FDA considers acceptable, the FDA may assert that its waiver authority permits it to allow the generic competitor to market a generic drug with a separate REMS that includes different, but comparable, elements to assure safe use, or ETASU, than those in our approved Xyrem REMS. We cannot predict the outcome or impact on our business of any future action that we may take with respect to the development of a single shared REMS for sodium oxybate, licensing or sharing intellectual property pertinent to our Xyrem REMS, or the FDA’s response to a certification that a third party had been unable to obtain a license. In addition, the Federal Trade Commission, other governmental authorities or others could claim or determine that we are using the Xyrem REMS in an anticompetitive manner (including in light of the FDA’s statement in the Xyrem REMS approval notice that the Xyrem REMS could be used in an anticompetitive manner inconsistent with applicable provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act) or have engaged in other anticompetitive practices.
Sales of our second largest product, Erwinaze/Erwinase, continue to grow. Sales of Erwinaze/Erwinase accounted for 16.4% of our total net product sales in the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 17.2% of our total net product sales for the year ended December 31, 2014. We seek to maintain and increase sales of Erwinaze, as well as to make Erwinaze more widely available, through ongoing sales and marketing and research and development activities. However, our ability to successfully and sustainably maintain or grow sales of Erwinaze is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including the limited population of patients with ALL and the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions to E. coli-derived asparaginase within that population, our ability to obtain clinical data on the use of Erwinaze in young adults age 18 to 39 with ALL who are hypersensitive to E. coli-derived asparaginase, particularly in light of our recent decision to terminate a clinical trial in this patient population based on an inability to enroll patients, as well as our need to apply for and receive marketing authorizations, through the European Union’s mutual recognition procedure or otherwise, in certain additional countries so we can launch promotional efforts in those countries, as well as those other risks and uncertainties discussed in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In particular, a significant challenge to our ability to maintain current sales levels and to increase sales is our need to avoid supply interruptions of Erwinaze due to capacity constraints, production delays, quality challenges or other manufacturing difficulties. We have limited inventory of Erwinaze, which puts us at significant risk of not being able to meet product demand. Erwinaze is licensed from and manufactured by a single source, which was Public Health England, or PHE, through March 31, 2015. PHE has advised us that as of April 1, 2015, the facility at which Erwinaze is manufactured was transferred to Porton BioPharma Limited, a limited liability company that is wholly-owned by the U.K. Secretary of State for Health, or PBL. We were informed that all of the staff employed in the manufacture and management of Erwinaze have transferred into PBL, and we are now working with PBL on matters related to Erwinaze supply. The current manufacturing capacity for Erwinaze is nearly completely absorbed by demand for the product. As a consequence of constrained manufacturing capacity, we have had an extremely limited ability to build an excess level of product inventory that could be used to absorb disruptions to supply resulting from any quality or other issues. If we continue to be subject to capacity constraints or experience quality or other manufacturing challenges in the future, we may be unable to build a desired excess level of product inventory, and our ability to supply the market may be compromised. Although we are taking steps to
improve the Erwinaze manufacturing process, if our ongoing efforts are not successful, we could experience additional Erwinaze supply interruptions in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our sales of and revenues from Erwinaze and limit our potential future maintenance and growth of the market for this product. In addition, while we continue to work with the manufacturer of Erwinaze to evaluate potential steps to expand production capacity to increase the supply of Erwinaze over the longer term to address worldwide demand, our ability to maintain or increase sales of Erwinaze may be limited by our ability to obtain a sufficient supply of the product.
In furtherance of our growth strategy, we have made a significant investment in Defitelio. Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits from this investment is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including those discussed in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In particular, we may not be able to successfully maintain or grow sales of Defitelio in Europe, or obtain marketing approval in other countries, including the United States, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. A key challenge to our success in maintaining or growing sales of Defitelio in Europe is our ability to obtain appropriate pricing and reimbursement approvals in those European countries where Defitelio is not yet launched. If we experience delays or unforeseen difficulties in obtaining favorable pricing and reimbursement approvals, planned launches in the affected countries would be delayed, or, if we are unable to ultimately obtain favorable pricing and reimbursement approvals in countries that represent significant markets, especially where a country’s reimbursed price influences other countries, our growth prospects in Europe could be negatively affected.
We do not expect to be required to complete any additional clinical trials prior to completion of the NDA submission for defibrotide in the United States. Even if we are able to complete the NDA submission as planned, we cannot predict whether our NDA will be approved in a timely manner, if at all. It is possible that the FDA may ask an Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee, or ODAC, which provides the FDA with independent expert advice and recommendations, to review our NDA. The ODAC may recommend against approval of our NDA, may recommend conditioning approval on our conducting one or more potentially time-consuming and costly clinical trials to provide supporting data either before approval or as a post-marketing commitment, or may recommend more narrow or restricted labeling than we expect to propose. We also face other challenges that could impact the anticipated value of Defitelio/defibrotide, including the limited size of the population of patients who undergo HSCT therapy and develop severe VOD, the need to establish U.S. pricing and reimbursement support for the product in the event we are able to obtain U.S. marketing approval for defibrotide, the possibility that we may be required to conduct time-consuming and costly clinical trials as a condition of any U.S. marketing approval for the product, the lack of experience of U.S. physicians in diagnosing and treating VOD, and challenges to our ability to develop the product for indications in addition to the treatment of severe VOD. If sales of Defitelio/defibrotide do not reach the levels we expect, our anticipated revenue from the product would be negatively affected, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
The implementation of our strategy is also subject to other challenges and risks specific to our business, as well as risks and uncertainties common to companies in the pharmaceutical industry with development and commercial operations. In addition to risks specifically related to Xyrem, Erwinaze and Defitelio/defibrotide, other key challenges and risks that we face include risks and uncertainties related to:
| |
• | the challenges of protecting and enhancing our intellectual property rights; |
| |
• | delays or problems in the supply or manufacture of our products, particularly with respect to certain products as to which we maintain limited inventories, including products for which our supply demands are growing, and our dependence on single source suppliers to continue to meet our ongoing commercial demand or our requirements for clinical trial supplies; |
| |
• | the need to obtain and maintain appropriate pricing and reimbursement for our products in an increasingly challenging environment due to, among other things, the attention being paid to healthcare cost containment and other austerity measures in the United States and worldwide, including the need to obtain and maintain reimbursement for Xyrem in the United States in an environment in which we are subject to increasingly restrictive conditions for reimbursement required by third party payors; |
| |
• | the challenges of compliance with the requirements of the FDA, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, or DEA, and non-U.S. regulatory agencies, including with respect to product labeling, requirements for distribution, obtaining sufficient DEA quotas where needed, marketing and promotional activities, adverse event reporting and product recalls or withdrawals; |
| |
• | the challenges of achieving and maintaining commercial success of our products, such as obtaining sustained acceptance and support of our products by patients, physicians and payors; |
| |
• | the risks and costs associated with business combination or product or product candidate acquisition transactions, such as the challenges inherent in the integration of acquired businesses with our historic business, the increase in geographic dispersion among our centers of operation, taking on the operation of a manufacturing plant as a result of |
the Gentium Acquisition and the risks that we may acquire unanticipated liabilities along with acquired businesses or otherwise fail to realize the anticipated benefits (commercial or otherwise) from such transactions;
| |
• | the difficulty and uncertainty of pharmaceutical product development, including the timing thereof, and the uncertainty of clinical success, such as the risk that results from preclinical studies and/or early clinical trials may not be predictive of results obtained in later and larger clinical trials planned or anticipated to be conducted for our product candidates; |
| |
• | the inherent uncertainty associated with the regulatory approval process, especially as we continue to undertake increased activities and make growing investment in our product pipeline development projects; |
| |
• | our potential inability to identify and acquire, in-license or develop additional products or product candidates to grow our business; and |
| |
• | possible restrictions on our ability and flexibility to pursue certain future corporate development and other opportunities as a result of our substantial outstanding debt obligations, which increased significantly in 2014. |
All of these risks are discussed in greater detail, along with other risks, in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Results of Operations
The following table presents revenues and expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively (amounts in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, | | Increase/ |
| 2015 | | 2014 (1) | | (Decrease) |
Product sales, net | $ | 307,035 |
| | $ | 244,986 |
| | 25 | % |
Royalties and contract revenues | 2,268 |
| | 1,933 |
| | 17 | % |
Cost of product sales (excluding amortization of intangible assets) | 28,298 |
| | 30,924 |
| | (8 | )% |
Selling, general and administrative | 112,388 |
| | 106,363 |
| | 6 | % |
Research and development | 27,181 |
| | 18,109 |
| | 50 | % |
Acquired in-process research and development
| — |
| | 127,000 |
| | N/A(2) |
|
Intangible asset amortization | 24,677 |
| | 31,182 |
| | (21 | )% |
Interest expense, net | 16,245 |
| | 10,076 |
| | 61 | % |
Foreign currency gain | (2,245 | ) | | (123 | ) | | N/A(2) |
|
Income tax provision | 32,059 |
| | 17,027 |
| | 88 | % |
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax | — |
| | (989 | ) | | N/A(2) |
|
_____________________________
| |
(1) | Our financial results include the financial results of the historic Gentium business since the closing of the Gentium Acquisition on January 23, 2014. |
| |
(2) | Comparison to prior period not meaningful. |
Revenues
The following table presents product sales, royalties and contract revenues, and total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively (amounts in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, | | Increase/ |
| 2015 | | 2014 | | (Decrease) |
Xyrem® (sodium oxybate) oral solution | $ | 212,690 |
| | $ | 160,378 |
| | 33 | % |
Erwinaze®/Erwinase® (asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi) | 50,353 |
| | 46,920 |
| | 7 | % |
Defitelio® (defibrotide)/defibrotide | 17,363 |
| | 12,209 |
| | 42 | % |
Prialt® (ziconotide) intrathecal infusion | 6,764 |
| | 4,309 |
| | 57 | % |
Psychiatry | 9,093 |
| | 9,866 |
| | (8 | )% |
Other | 10,772 |
| | 11,304 |
| | (5 | )% |
Product sales, net | 307,035 |
| | 244,986 |
| | 25 | % |
Royalties and contract revenues | 2,268 |
| | 1,933 |
| | 17 | % |
Total revenues | $ | 309,303 |
| | $ | 246,919 |
| | 25 | % |
Product Sales, Net
Xyrem product sales increased in the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014, primarily due to a higher average net selling price and, to a lesser extent, an increase in sales volume. Price increases were instituted in August 2014 and February 2015 based on market analyses. Xyrem product sales volume increased by 12% in the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014. The sales volume increase was driven by an increase in the average number of patients on Xyrem, which includes both new patients and active patients who remained on Xyrem therapy. Erwinaze/Erwinase product sales increased in the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014, primarily due to an increase in sales volume and, to a lesser extent, price increases instituted in July 2014 and January 2015. The sales volume increase was driven primarily by existing treatment sites identifying additional ALL patients with hypersensitivity to E. coli-derived asparaginase and, to a lesser extent, a growth in new treatment sites prescribing Erwinaze. Defitelio/defibrotide product sales in the three months ended March 31, 2015 were $17.4 million compared to pro forma net sales of $15.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014. Defitelio/defibrotide product sales in the three months ended March 31, 2014, beginning from the closing of the Gentium Acquisition on January 23, 2014, were $12.2 million. On a pro forma basis, Defitelio/defibrotide product sales increased by 15% in the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014 as we continue to transition to commercial pricing in countries where the product has been launched. Prialt product sales increased in the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014, primarily due to lower sales in the first quarter of 2014 due to the timing of shipments to the exclusive wholesale distributor and central pharmacy for Prialt. Psychiatry product sales in the three months ended March 31, 2015 were slightly lower than the same period in 2014 primarily due to generic competition. We expect total product sales will increase in 2015 over 2014, primarily due to anticipated growth in sales of our lead marketed products, partially offset by decreases in sales of certain other products.
Royalties and Contract Revenues
Royalties and contract revenues increased in the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014, primarily due to increased royalties in relation to our out-licensed product rights. We expect royalties and contract revenues in 2015 to be lower than 2014 due to a milestone payment of $2.0 million that we received in the three months ended December 31, 2014.
Cost of Product Sales
Cost of product sales decreased in the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014, primarily due to acquisition accounting inventory fair value step-up adjustments of $8.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2014, partially offset by an increase in net product sales. Gross margin as a percentage of net product sales was 90.8% in the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to 87.4% for the same period in 2014. The increase in our gross margin percentage was primarily due to the decrease in acquisition accounting inventory fair value step-up adjustments. We expect our gross margin as a percentage of net product sales in 2015 to be slightly higher than in 2014, primarily due to a change in product mix.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased in the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014, primarily due to an increase in salary and benefit-related expenses (including share-based compensation expense) of $11.3 million, driven by higher headcount resulting from the expansion of our business, and increases in marketing and promotional expenses of $6.1 million and professional services expenses of $3.4 million, partially offset by a decrease in transaction and integration expenses of $17.6 million. We expect that selling, general and administrative expenses will be higher in 2015 than in 2014 due to an increase in direct marketing spend and support of our lead marketed products, increased legal expenses, costs of preparing for a potential launch of defibrotide in the United States and increased headcount to support our larger, global organization.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses, costs related to clinical studies and outside services, and other research and development costs. Personnel expenses relate primarily to salaries, benefits and share-based compensation. Clinical study and outside services costs relate primarily to services performed by clinical research organizations, materials and supplies, and other third party fees. Other research and development expenses primarily include overhead allocations consisting of various support and facilities-related costs. We do not track fully-burdened research and development expenses on a project-by-project basis. We manage our research and development expenses by identifying the research and development activities that we anticipate will be performed during a given period and then prioritizing efforts based on our assessment of what development activities are important to our business and have a reasonable probability of success, and by dynamically allocating resources accordingly. We also continually review our development pipeline projects and the status of their development and, as necessary, reallocate resources among our development pipeline projects that we believe will best support the future growth of our business.
The following table provides a breakout of our research and development expenses by major categories of expense (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2015 | | 2014 |
Clinical studies and outside services | $ | 15,303 |
| | $ | 9,506 |
|
Personnel expenses | 10,108 |
| | 7,716 |
|
Other | 1,770 |
| | 887 |
|
Total | $ | 27,181 |
| | $ | 18,109 |
|
Research and development expenses increased by $9.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014, primarily due to increased clinical studies and outside services costs of $5.8 million as a result of higher costs incurred to develop our sleep and hematology/oncology product candidates including JZP-110, as well as increased costs related to development programs for defibrotide. Personnel expenses increased by $2.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014, primarily due to salary and benefit-related expenses (including share-based compensation) in support of our development programs.
For 2015 and beyond, we expect that our research and development expenses will continue to increase substantially from historical levels due to planned clinical trials and development work. A discussion of the risks and uncertainties with respect to our research and development activities, including completing the development of our product candidates, and the consequences to our business, financial position and growth prospects can be found in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Acquired In-Process Research and Development
In the first quarter of 2014, we acquired the worldwide development, manufacturing and commercial rights to JZP-110, other than in certain jurisdictions in Asia, for an upfront payment of $125.0 million. We also incurred a $2.0 million milestone expense, which was triggered on assignment of the JZP-110 rights to us.
Intangible Asset Amortization
Intangible asset amortization decreased in the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014 due to the cessation of amortization on intangible assets classified as assets held for sale as of December 31, 2014 and certain other intangible assets that were fully amortized in 2014. As a result, we expect intangible asset amortization to decrease in 2015 compared to 2014.
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net increased by $6.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014, primarily due to a larger debt balance. In August 2014, we issued $575.0 million principal amount of 1.875% exchangeable senior notes due 2021, or the 2021 Notes, which remained outstanding at March 31, 2015. We expect interest expense will be higher in 2015 compared to 2014 due to the increase in our debt balance and the amortization of the debt discount on the 2021 Notes.
Foreign Currency Gain
In the three months ended March 31, 2015, the foreign currency gain primarily related to the translation of Euro denominated net monetary liabilities, including intercompany balances, held by subsidiaries with a U.S. dollar functional currency.
Income Tax Provision
Our income tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was $32.1 million compared to $17.0 million for the same period in 2014. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was 31.2%. After adjusting the loss before income tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2014 by excluding upfront and milestone payments of $127.0 million for rights to JZP-110, which were acquired by our subsidiary in a non-taxable jurisdiction, the effective tax rate on the resulting income before income tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2014 was 33.8%. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to changes in income mix among the various jurisdictions in which we operate, the impact of originating tax credits and increased deductions in relation to subsidiary equity. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was higher than the Irish statutory rate of 12.5% primarily due to income taxable at a rate higher than the Irish statutory rate, uncertain tax positions, current year losses in some jurisdictions for which no tax benefit is available and various expenses not deductible for tax purposes, partially offset by originating tax credits and deductions in relation to subsidiary equity. We do not provide for Irish income taxes on undistributed earnings of our foreign operations that are intended to be indefinitely reinvested in our foreign subsidiaries.
Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests, Net of Tax
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax relates to the portion of the net income (loss) of Gentium not attributable, directly or indirectly, to our ownership interest.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
To supplement our financial results presented on a U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP basis, we use certain non-GAAP, also referred to as adjusted or non-GAAP adjusted, financial measures as shown in the table below. We believe that each of these non-GAAP financial measures is helpful in understanding our past financial performance and potential future results, particularly in light of the effect of various acquisition and divestiture transactions effected by us. They are not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for comparable GAAP measures, and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. Our management regularly uses these supplemental non-GAAP financial measures internally to understand, manage and evaluate our business and make operating decisions. Compensation of our executives is based in part on the performance of our business based on certain of these non-GAAP financial measures. In addition, we believe that the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures is useful to investors because it enhances the ability of investors to compare our results from period-to-period and allows for greater transparency with respect to key financial metrics we use in making operating decisions, and also because our investors and analysts regularly use them to model and track our financial performance. Investors should note that these non-GAAP financial measures are not prepared under any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles and do not reflect all of the amounts associated with our results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP. Investors should also note that these non-GAAP financial measures have no standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and, therefore, have limits in their usefulness to investors. In addition, from time-to-time in the future there may be other items that we may exclude for purposes of our non-GAAP financial measures; likewise, we have ceased and may in the future cease to exclude items that we have historically excluded for purposes of our non-GAAP financial measures. In this regard, beginning with the first quarter of 2015, we no longer include an adjustment for depreciation expense in our non-GAAP financial measures. For purposes of comparability, non-GAAP adjusted financial measures for 2014 do not include an adjustment for depreciation expense. In addition, because of the non-standardized definitions of non-GAAP financial measures, the non-GAAP financial measures used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may be calculated differently from, and therefore may not be directly comparable to, similarly titled measures used by our competitors and other companies. In the table below, adjusted net income measures attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc (and the related per share measures) exclude from GAAP net income (loss) attributable to Jazz
Pharmaceuticals plc (and the related per share measures), as applicable, intangible asset amortization, share-based compensation expense, restructuring charges, transaction and integration costs, acquired in-process research and development expenses, acquisition accounting inventory fair value step-up adjustments and non-cash interest expense; adjust the income tax provision to the estimated amount of taxes payable in cash; and adjust for the amount attributable to noncontrolling interests.
Reconciliations of GAAP reported net income (loss) attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc to non-GAAP adjusted net income attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc and the related per share amounts are as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts): |
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2015 | | 2014 (1) |
GAAP reported net income (loss) attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc | $ | 70,700 |
| | $ | (92,650 | ) |
Intangible asset amortization | 24,677 |
| | 31,182 |
|
Share-based compensation expense | 20,819 |
| | 13,815 |
|
Restructuring charges | 553 |
| | — |
|
Transaction and integration costs | 155 |
| | 17,733 |
|
Acquired in-process research and development
| — |
| | 127,000 |
|
Acquisition accounting inventory fair value step-up adjustments | — |
| | 8,022 |
|
Non-cash interest expense | 6,016 |
| | 1,638 |
|
Income tax adjustments (2) | 2,148 |
| | (5,944 | ) |
Adjustments for amount attributable to noncontrolling interests (3) | — |
| | (1,258 | ) |
Non-GAAP adjusted net income attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc | $ | 125,068 |
| | $ | 99,538 |
|
| | | |
GAAP reported net income (loss) attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc per diluted share | $ | 1.12 |
| | $ | (1.58 | ) |
Non-GAAP adjusted net income attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc per diluted share | $ | 1.99 |
| | $ | 1.59 |
|
Shares used in computing GAAP reported net income (loss) attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc per diluted share amounts | 62,964 |
| | 58,526 |
|
Shares used in computing non-GAAP adjusted net income attributable to Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc per diluted share amounts | 62,964 |
| | 62,517 |
|
_____________________________
| |
(1) | For purposes of comparability with our 2015 presentation, non-GAAP adjusted financial measures for 2014 do not include an adjustment for depreciation expense. |
| |
(2) | Tax adjustments to convert the income tax provision to the estimated amount of taxes payable in cash. |
| |
(3) | The noncontrolling interests’ share of the above adjustments, as applicable. |
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of March 31, 2015, we had cash and cash equivalents of $782.6 million, borrowing availability under the revolving credit facility of $423.9 million and long-term debt of $1.5 billion. Our long-term debt included $893.1 million aggregate principal amount of term loans, $575.0 million principal amount of the 2021 Notes and other borrowings of $1.5 million. We generated cash flows from operations of $96.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015 and we expect to continue to generate positive cash flows from operations during 2015.
On March 20, 2015, we completed the sale of certain products that we originally acquired as part of the EUSA Acquisition and the related business. Pursuant to the agreement for this sale, the purchase price was $34.0 million, subject to pre- and post-closing purchase price adjustments. We received approximately $33 million in cash after purchase price adjustments were made prior to the closing.
We believe that our existing cash balances, cash we expect to generate from operations and funds available under our revolving credit facility will be sufficient to fund our operations, to fund our share repurchase program and to meet our existing obligations for the foreseeable future, including our obligations under our current credit agreement. The adequacy of our cash resources depends on many assumptions, including primarily our assumptions with respect to product sales and expenses, as well as the other factors set forth in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q under the headings “Xyrem is our largest selling product, and our inability to maintain or increase sales of Xyrem would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects,” “If generic versions of Xyrem or other sodium oxybate products that compete with Xyrem are approved and launched, sales of Xyrem would be adversely affected,”
“The manufacture, distribution and sale of Xyrem are subject to significant regulatory oversight and restrictions and the requirements of a risk management program, and these restrictions and requirements, as well as the potential impact of changes to these restrictions and requirements, subject us to increased risks and uncertainties, any of which could negatively impact sales of Xyrem,” and “To continue to grow our business, we will need to commit substantial resources, which could result in future losses or otherwise limit our opportunities or affect our ability to operate our business.” Our assumptions may prove to be wrong or other factors may adversely affect our business, and as a result we could exhaust or significantly decrease our available cash resources which could, among other things, force us to raise additional funds and/or force us to reduce our expenses, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
To continue to grow our business over the longer term, we plan to commit substantial resources to product acquisition and in-licensing, product development, clinical trials of product candidates and expansion of our commercial, manufacturing and other operations. In this regard, we have evaluated and expect to continue to evaluate a wide array of strategic transactions as part of our strategy to acquire or in-license and develop additional products and product candidates. Acquisition opportunities that we pursue could materially affect our liquidity and capital resources and may require us to incur additional indebtedness, seek equity capital or both. In addition, we may pursue new operations or continue the expansion of our existing operations, such as the construction and opening of a manufacturing and development facility in Ireland announced in February 2014, in which we expect to invest approximately €45 to €50 million. Accordingly, we expect to continue to opportunistically seek access to additional capital to license or acquire additional products, product candidates or companies, to expand our operations or for general corporate purposes. Raising additional capital could be accomplished through one or more public or private debt or equity financings, collaborations or partnering arrangements. Any equity financing would be dilutive to our shareholders, and the consent of the lenders under our current credit agreement could be required for certain financings.
In May 2013, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program pursuant to which we may repurchase a number of ordinary shares having an aggregate repurchase price of up to $200 million, exclusive of any brokerage commissions. In the three months ended March 31, 2015, we spent a total of $10.3 million to purchase 0.1 million of our ordinary shares under the share repurchase program at an average total purchase price, including commissions, of $164.54 per share. All ordinary shares repurchased by us were canceled. As of March 31, 2015, the remaining amount authorized under the share repurchase program was $11.0 million.
The following table presents a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2015 | | 2014 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 96,555 |
| | $ | 68,723 |
|
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 18,293 |
| | (957,203 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (3,261 | ) | | 497,662 |
|
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | (13,026 | ) | | 188 |
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 98,561 |
| | $ | (390,630 | ) |
Net cash provided by operating activities of $96.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 related to a net income of $70.7 million, adjusted for non-cash items of $28.9 million primarily related to intangible asset amortization and share-based compensation expense. This was partially offset by $3.0 million of net cash outflow related to changes in operating assets and liabilities which included an increase of $15.7 million in our prepaid expenses primarily due to upfront payments to a clinical research organization and a decrease in accrued liabilities of $17.5 million primarily driven by employee-related expenses, partially offset by an increase in income taxes payable. Net cash provided by operating activities of $68.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014 related to a net loss of $93.6 million, adjusted for an upfront payment and milestone expense totaling $127.0 million in respect of our acquisition of rights to JZP-110 and non-cash items of $46.9 million primarily related to intangible asset amortization, share-based compensation expense and acquisition accounting inventory fair value step-up adjustments. This was partially offset by $11.5 million of net cash outflow related to changes in operating assets and liabilities which included $14.9 million in respect of the payment of the contingent consideration following the EUSA Acquisition.
Net cash provided by investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2015 primarily related to net proceeds of $32.7 million from the sale of certain products that we originally acquired as part of the EUSA Acquisition, partially offset by purchases of property and equipment of $14.4 million primarily related to the construction of a manufacturing and development facility in Ireland. Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2014 primarily related to the funding of the Gentium Acquisition, the acquisition of rights to JZP-110 and, to a lesser extent, purchases of property and equipment.
Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2015 primarily related to payment of employee withholding taxes of $14.8 million related to share-based awards and $10.3 million used to repurchase our ordinary shares under our share repurchase program, partially offset by proceeds of $13.5 million from employee equity incentive plans. Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2014 primarily related to net proceeds of $636.4 million from our term loans and borrowings under our revolving credit facility, proceeds of $21.5 million from employee equity incentive plans and exercise of warrants, partially offset by $119.2 million for the acquisition of noncontrolling interests in Gentium and $35.1 million in respect of the payment of the contingent consideration following the EUSA Acquisition.
Credit Agreement
We entered into a credit agreement in July 2012 in connection with the EUSA Acquisition, and we subsequently amended the credit agreement in July 2013 and January 2014. After giving effect to the January 2014 amendment, the current credit agreement provides for $904.4 million principal amount of term loans and a $425.0 million revolving credit facility. The term loans under the credit agreement have a June 12, 2018 maturity date and the borrowings under the revolving credit facility have a June 12, 2017 maturity date.
As a result of the June 2013 amendment, the interest rate margins on the term loans and the revolving loans were reduced by 150 basis points, and as a result of the January 2014 amendment, the interest rate margins on the terms loans were reduced by a further 25 basis points. The term loans under the current credit agreement bear interest, at our option, at a rate equal to either the LIBOR, plus an applicable margin of 2.50% per annum (subject to a 0.75% LIBOR floor), or the prime lending rate, plus an applicable margin equal to 1.50% per annum (subject to a 1.75% prime rate floor). Borrowings under the current revolving credit facility bear interest, at our option, at a rate equal to either the LIBOR, plus an applicable margin of 2.50% per annum, or the prime lending rate, plus an applicable margin equal to 1.50% per annum, subject to reduction by 0.25% or 0.50% based upon our secured leverage ratio. The revolving credit facility has a commitment fee payable on the undrawn amount ranging from 0.25% to 0.50% per annum based upon our secured leverage ratio. As of March 31, 2015, the interest rate on the outstanding term loans was 3.25%.
Certain of our wholly-owned subsidiaries are borrowers under the credit agreement. The borrowers’ obligations under the credit agreement, and any hedging or cash management obligations entered into with a lender or an affiliate of a lender, are guaranteed on a senior secured basis by Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc and certain of its subsidiaries (including the issuer of the 2021 Notes as described below) and are secured by substantially all of Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc’s, the borrowers’ and the guarantor subsidiaries’ assets.
We may make voluntary prepayments of principal at any time without payment of a premium. We are required to make mandatory prepayments of the term loans (without payment of a premium) with (1) net cash proceeds from certain non-ordinary course asset sales (subject to reinvestment rights and other exceptions), (2) net cash proceeds from issuances of debt (other than certain permitted debt), (3) 50% of our excess cash flow as defined in the current credit agreement (subject to decrease to 25% if our total leverage ratio is equal to or less than 2.25 to 1.00 and greater than 1.25 to 1.00 or 0% if our total leverage ratio is equal to or less than 1.25 to 1.00), and (4) casualty proceeds and condemnation awards (subject to reinvestment rights and other exceptions).
Principal repayments of the term loans, which are due quarterly, began in March 2014 and are equal to 1.0% per annum of the original principal amount of $904.4 million, with any remaining balance payable on the final maturity date.
Our credit agreement contains customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants applicable to us and our restricted subsidiaries, including, among other things, restrictions on indebtedness, liens, investments, mergers, dispositions, prepayment of other indebtedness and dividends and other distributions. The credit agreement also contains a financial covenant that requires us and our restricted subsidiaries to maintain a maximum secured leverage ratio. We were, as of March 31, 2015, and are currently in compliance with this financial covenant.
2021 Notes
In August 2014, Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc, through its wholly-owned finance subsidiary Jazz Investments I Limited, completed a private placement of $575.0 million principal amount of the 2021 Notes. The 2021 Notes are the senior unsecured obligations of Jazz Investments I Limited and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc. Interest on the 2021 Notes is payable semi-annually in cash in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, beginning on February 15, 2015, at a rate of 1.875% per year. In certain circumstances, we may be required to pay additional amounts as a result of any applicable tax withholding or deductions required in respect of payments on the 2021 Notes. The 2021 Notes mature on August 15, 2021, unless earlier exchanged, repurchased or redeemed.
The holders of the 2021 Notes have the ability to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their 2021 Notes for cash in the event we undergo certain fundamental changes, such as specified change of control transactions, our liquidation or dissolution or the delisting of our ordinary shares from The NASDAQ Global Select Market. Prior to August 15, 2021, we may redeem the 2021 Notes, in whole but not in part, subject to compliance with certain conditions, if we have, or on the next interest payment date would, become obligated to pay to the holder of any 2021 Note additional amounts as a result of certain tax-related events. We also may redeem the 2021 Notes on or after August 20, 2018, in whole or in part, if the last reported sale price per ordinary share has been at least 130% of the exchange price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide the notice of redemption.
The 2021 Notes are exchangeable at an initial exchange rate of 5.0057 ordinary shares per $1,000 principal amount of 2021 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial exchange price of approximately $199.77 per ordinary share. Upon exchange, the 2021 Notes may be settled in cash, ordinary shares or a combination of cash and ordinary shares, at our election. Our intent and policy is to settle the principal amount of the 2021 Notes in cash upon exchange. The exchange rate will be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, following certain make-whole fundamental changes occurring prior to the maturity date of the 2021 Notes or upon our issuance of a notice of redemption, we will in certain circumstances increase the exchange rate for holders of the 2021 Notes who elect to exchange their 2021 Notes in connection with that make-whole fundamental change or during the related redemption period. Prior to February 15, 2021, the 2021 Notes will be exchangeable only upon satisfaction of certain conditions and during certain periods, and thereafter, at any time until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date.
Contractual Obligations
The table below presents a summary of our contractual obligations as of March 31, 2015 (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Payments Due By Period |
Contractual Obligations (1) | Total | | Less than 1 Year | | 1-3 Years | | 3-5 Years | | More than 5 years |
Term and other loans - principal | $ | 894,580 |
| | $ | 9,388 |
| | $ | 18,789 |
| | $ | 866,295 |
| | $ | 108 |
|
Term and other loans - interest (2) | 92,995 |
| | 29,450 |
| | 57,810 |
| | 5,732 |
| | 3 |
|
2021 Notes - principal | 575,000 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 575,000 |
|
2021 Notes - interest (3) | 70,078 |
| | 10,781 |
| | 21,563 |
| | 21,562 |
| | 16,172 |
|
Revolving credit facility - commitment fee (4) | 3,559 |
| | 1,620 |
| | 1,939 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Purchase obligations (5) | 28,937 |
| | 27,376 |
| | 400 |
| | 431 |
| | 730 |
|
Operating lease obligations (6) | 110,409 |
| | 9,714 |
| | 14,455 |
| | 14,632 |
| | 71,608 |
|
Total | $ | 1,775,558 |
| | $ | 88,329 |
| | $ | 114,956 |
| | $ | 908,652 |
| | $ | 663,621 |
|
__________________________
| |
(1) | This table does not include potential future milestone payment or royalty obligations to third parties under asset purchase, product development, license and other agreements as the timing and likelihood of such milestone payments are not known, and, in the case of royalty obligations, as the amount of such obligations are not estimable. In 2014, we signed a definitive agreement with Aerial under which we acquired worldwide development, manufacturing and commercial rights to JZP-110 (other than in certain jurisdictions in Asia where SK retains rights). Aerial and SK are currently eligible to receive milestone payments up to an aggregate of $270.0 million based on development, regulatory and sales milestones and tiered royalties from high single digits to mid-teens based on potential future sales of JZP-110. In 2014, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire rights to defibrotide in the United States and all other countries in the Americas from Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Sigma-Tau. Sigma-Tau is eligible to receive milestone payments of $25.0 million upon the acceptance for filing by the FDA of the first NDA for defibrotide for VOD and up to an additional $150.0 million based on the timing of potential FDA approval of defibrotide for VOD. Potential future milestone payments to other third parties under other agreements could be up to an aggregate of $286.0 million, of which up to $120.0 million will become due and payable to Perrigo Company plc (formerly Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) in tiered contingent payments, with the first such payment becoming due if net sales of Prialt of at least $75.0 million are achieved in a calendar year. The remainder would become due and payable to other third parties upon the achievement of certain developmental, clinical, regulatory and/or commercial milestones, the timing and likelihood of which are not known. We are also obligated under these agreements to pay royalties on net sales of certain products at specified rates, which royalties are dependent on future product sales and are not provided for in the table above as they are not estimable. |
| |
(2) | The interest rate was 3.25% at March 31, 2015, which we used to estimate interest owed on the term loans outstanding on March 31, 2015 until the final maturity date in June 2018. |
(3) We used the fixed interest rate of 1.875% to estimate interest owed on the 2021 Notes as of March 31, 2015 until the final maturity date in August 2021.
| |
(4) | Our revolving credit facility has a commitment fee payable on the undrawn amount ranging from 0.25% to 0.50% per annum based upon our secured leverage ratio. In the table above, we used a rate of 0.375% and assumed undrawn amounts of $425.0 million to estimate commitment fees owed. |
| |
(5) | Consists primarily of non-cancelable commitments to third party manufacturers. |
| |
(6) | Includes automobile lease payments for our sales force and the minimum lease payments for our office buildings, including a lease agreement we entered into in January 2015 to lease office space located in Palo Alto, California. We expect to occupy this office space by the end of 2017. We are obligated to make lease payments totaling approximately $88 million over the initial term of the lease. Not included in the table above are our estimated costs of approximately $20 million associated with the design, development and construction of tenant improvements under this lease agreement, which estimate does not include a tenant improvement allowance to be provided by the landlord. In addition, in April 2015, we amended an existing operating sublease for office space in Palo Alto, California for additional office space and extended the term of this sublease to December 2017. As a result of the amendment, we are obligated to make additional lease payments of approximately $10 million which are not included in the table above. Operating expenses associated with our leased office buildings are also not included in table above. |
We do not provide for Irish income taxes on undistributed earnings of our foreign operations that are intended to be indefinitely reinvested in our foreign subsidiaries. In addition, our liability for unrecognized tax benefits has been excluded from the above contractual obligations table as the nature and timing of future payments, if any, cannot be reasonably estimated. We do not anticipate that the amount of our existing liability for unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change in the next twelve months.
Critical Accounting Estimates
To understand our financial statements, it is important to understand our critical accounting estimates. The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions are required in determining the amounts to be deducted from gross revenues, in particular estimates of government rebates, which include Medicaid and TRICARE rebates, and estimated product returns. Significant estimates and assumptions are also required to determine whether to capitalize intangible assets, the amortization periods for identifiable intangible assets, the potential impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets, income taxes and share-based compensation. Some of these judgments can be subjective and complex, and, consequently, actual results may differ from these estimates. For any given individual estimate or assumption we make, there may also be other estimates or assumptions that are reasonable. Although we believe our estimates and assumptions are reasonable, they are based upon information available at the time the estimates and assumptions were made.
Our critical accounting policies and significant estimates are detailed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. Our critical accounting policies and significant estimates have not changed substantially from those previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections. Forward-looking statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “project,” “predict,” “propose,” “intend,” “continue,” “potential,” “possible,” “foreseeable,” “likely,” “unforeseen” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance, time frames or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, time frames or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. We discuss many of these risks, uncertainties and other factors in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q in greater detail under Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors.” Given these risks, uncertainties and other factors, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Also, these forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this filing. You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We hereby qualify our forward-looking statements by our cautionary statements. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons that actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.
| |
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
During the three months ended March 31, 2015, there were no material changes to our market risk disclosures as set forth in Part II, Item 7A “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
| |
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We have carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on their evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2015.
Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues, if any, within an organization have been detected. Accordingly, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of our disclosure control system are met and, as set forth above, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded, based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this report, that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the objectives of our disclosure control system were met.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. During the quarter ended March 31, 2015, there have been no changes to our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Xyrem ANDA Matters: On October 18, 2010, we received a notice of Paragraph IV Patent Certification, or Paragraph IV Certification, from Roxane Laboratories, Inc., or Roxane, that it had submitted an abbreviated new drug application, or ANDA, to the U. S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, requesting approval to market a generic version of Xyrem (sodium oxybate) oral solution. Roxane’s initial notice alleged that all five patents then listed for Xyrem in the FDA’s publication “Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations,” or Orange Book, on the date of the notice are invalid, unenforceable or not infringed by Roxane’s proposed generic product. On November 22, 2010, we filed a lawsuit against Roxane in response to Roxane’s initial notice in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey, or the District Court, seeking a permanent injunction to prevent Roxane from introducing a generic version of Xyrem that would infringe our patents. In accordance with the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, or Hatch-Waxman Act, as a result of our having filed a timely lawsuit against Roxane, FDA approval of Roxane’s ANDA was stayed for 30 months, or until April 18, 2013. That stay has expired. Additional patents covering Xyrem were issued between December 2010 and December 2012, and, after receiving Paragraph IV Certification notices from Roxane, we filed additional lawsuits against Roxane on February 4, 2011, May 2, 2011, October 26, 2012 and December 5, 2012 to include these additional patents in the litigation. All of the lawsuits filed against Roxane between 2010 and 2012 have been consolidated by the District Court into a single case, or the Roxane consolidated case, alleging that 10 of our patents covering Xyrem are or will be infringed by Roxane’s ANDA and seeking a permanent injunction to prevent Roxane from launching a generic version of Xyrem that would infringe these patents.
In December 2013, the District Court permitted Roxane to amend its answer in the Roxane consolidated case to allege additional equitable defenses, and the parties were given additional time for discovery on those new defenses. In addition, in March 2014, the District Court granted our motion to bifurcate and stay the portion of the Roxane consolidated case regarding patents related to the distribution system for Xyrem. Although no trial date has been scheduled, based on the District Court’s current schedule, we anticipate that trial on the patents in the Roxane consolidated case that are not subject to the stay could occur as early as the fourth quarter of 2015. We do not have any estimate of a possible trial date for trial on the patents in the Roxane consolidated case that are currently subject to the stay. The actual timing of events in this litigation may be significantly earlier or later than we currently anticipate, and we cannot predict the specific timing or outcome of events in this litigation.
On April 1, 2014 and January 15, 2015, we received additional notices of Paragraph IV Certification from Roxane regarding newly issued patents for Xyrem listed in the Orange Book. On February 20, 2015, we filed a new lawsuit against Roxane in the District Court, alleging that three of our patents covering Xyrem are infringed or will be infringed by Roxane’s ANDA and seeking a permanent injunction to prevent Roxane from introducing a generic version of Xyrem that would infringe these patents. On April 20, 2015, Roxane moved to dismiss claims involving our patent covering a part of the Xyrem label that instructs prescribers on adjusting the dose of Xyrem when it is being co-administered with divalproex sodium (also known as valproate or valproic acid) on the grounds that this patent does not cover patentable subject matter. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of events in this matter or its impact on the Roxane consolidated case.
On December 10, 2012, December 12, 2012 and August 8, 2013, we received notices of Paragraph IV Certification from Amneal Pharmaceuticals, LLC, or Amneal, that it had submitted an ANDA to the FDA requesting approval to market a generic version of Xyrem. On January 18, 2013 and September 12, 2013, we filed lawsuits against Amneal in the District Court, alleging that nine of our patents covering Xyrem are infringed or will be infringed by Amneal’s ANDA and seeking a permanent injunction to prevent Amneal from introducing a generic version of Xyrem that would infringe these patents. These lawsuits against Amneal were consolidated by the District Court on November 6, 2013.
On November 21, 2013 and November 24, 2013, we received notices of Paragraph IV Certification from Par Pharmaceutical, Inc., or Par, that it had submitted an ANDA to the FDA requesting approval to market a generic version of Xyrem. On December 27, 2013, we filed a lawsuit against Par in the District Court, alleging that 13 of our patents covering Xyrem are infringed or will be infringed by Par’s ANDA and seeking a permanent injunction to prevent Par from introducing a generic version of Xyrem that would infringe these patents.
In April 2014, Amneal asked the District Court to consolidate its case with the Par case, stating that both cases would proceed on the schedule for the Par case. The District Court granted this request in May 2014. The order consolidating the cases provides that Amneal’s 30-month stay period will be extended to coincide with the date of Par’s 30-month stay period. As a result, FDA’s approval of both Amneal’s and Par’s ANDAs is stayed until the earlier of (i) May 20, 2016, or (ii) a District Court decision finding that the identified patents are invalid, unenforceable or not infringed. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of events in the Amneal/Par consolidated case or their impact on other ongoing proceedings with Amneal or Par as described below.
On April 7, 2014 and January 19, 2015, we received additional notices of Paragraph IV Certification from Amneal regarding newly issued patents for Xyrem listed in the Orange Book. On May 20, 2014 and February 6, 2015, we filed additional lawsuits against Amneal in the District Court, alleging that four of our patents covering Xyrem are infringed or will be infringed by Amneal’s ANDA and seeking a permanent injunction to prevent Amneal from introducing a generic version of Xyrem that would infringe these patents. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of events in these matters or their impact on other ongoing proceedings with Amneal.
On July 3, 2014, August 6, 2014 and November 25, 2014, we received additional notices of Paragraph IV Certification from Par regarding newly issued patents for Xyrem listed in the Orange Book. We filed additional lawsuits against Par in the District Court on August 15, 2014, October 2, 2014 and January 8, 2015, alleging that three of our patents covering Xyrem are infringed or will be infringed by Par’s ANDA and seeking a permanent injunction to prevent Par from introducing a generic version of Xyrem that would infringe these patents. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of events in these matters or their impact on other ongoing proceedings with Par.
On June 4, 2014, we received a notice of Paragraph IV Certification from Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited, or Ranbaxy, that it had submitted an ANDA to the FDA requesting approval to market a generic version of Xyrem. On June 6, 2014, we received a notice of an amended Paragraph IV Certification from Ranbaxy. On July 15, 2014, we filed a lawsuit against Ranbaxy in the District Court, alleging that 14 of our patents covering Xyrem are infringed or will be infringed by Ranbaxy’s ANDA and seeking a permanent injunction to prevent Ranbaxy from introducing a generic version of Xyrem that will infringe these patents. On August 20, 2014 and December 1, 2014, we received additional notices of Paragraph IV Certification from Ranbaxy regarding newly issued patents for Xyrem listed in the Orange Book. On October 2, 2014 and January 9, 2015, we filed additional lawsuits against Ranbaxy in the District Court, alleging that two of our patents covering Xyrem are infringed or will be infringed by Ranbaxy’s ANDA and seeking a permanent injunction to prevent Ranbaxy from introducing a generic version of Xyrem that would infringe these patents. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of events in these matters or their impact on other ongoing proceedings with Ranbaxy.
On October 30, 2014, we received a notice of Paragraph IV Certification from Watson Laboratories, Inc., or Watson, that it has submitted an ANDA to the FDA requesting approval to market a generic version of Xyrem. On December 11, 2014, we filed a lawsuit against Watson in the District Court, alleging that 15 of our patents covering Xyrem are or will be infringed by Watson’s ANDA and seeking a permanent injunction to prevent Watson from introducing a generic version of Xyrem that would infringe these patents. On March 23, 2015, Watson moved to dismiss the portion of the case based on our Orange Book-listed patents covering the distribution system for Xyrem on the grounds that these patents do not cover patentable subject matter. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of events in this litigation.
In January 2015, Amneal, Ranbaxy and Watson proposed the consolidation of their respective cases and a consolidated schedule to the District Court, while Par sought its own proposed schedule with the District Court, notwithstanding the prior consolidation of portions of the Par and Amneal cases. In April 2015, the District Court issued an order that consolidated all then-pending lawsuits against Amneal, Par, Ranbaxy and Watson into one case, the Amneal/Par/Ranbaxy/Watson consolidated case. Under a related scheduling order issued in March 2015, the District Court would hold a Markman hearing for the Amneal/Par/Ranbaxy/Watson consolidated case no earlier than January 2016. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of events in the Amneal/Par/Ranbaxy/Watson consolidated case or their impact on other ongoing proceedings with any individual ANDA filer, including Roxane, Amneal, Par, Ranbaxy or Watson.
On March 23, 2015, March 24, 2015, March 26, 2015 and April 16, 2015, we received an additional notice of Paragraph IV Certification from each of Par, Amneal, Ranbaxy and Roxane, respectively, regarding a newly issued method of treatment patent for Xyrem listed in the Orange Book.
Xyrem Post-Grant Patent Review Matters: Between June and August 2014, petitions seeking covered business method, or CBM, post-grant patent review by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board, or PTAB, of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO, were filed by certain of the ANDA filers with respect to the validity of six of our patents related to the distribution system for Xyrem. In the fall of 2014, we filed preliminary responses to the petitions in which, among other things, we asserted that the challenged patents should not be subject to CBM review. In early 2015, the PTAB issued decisions denying institution of CBM review for all of these petitions.
In January 2015, petitions for inter partes review, or IPR, were filed by certain of the ANDA filers with respect to the validity of six of our patents related to the distribution system for Xyrem. In April 2015, we filed preliminary responses to these petitions, opposing the petitions and stating reasons that review should not be granted. In addition, in April 2015, a hedge fund (acting with affiliated entities and individuals and proceeding under the name of the Coalition for Affordable Drugs III LLC) filed an IPR petition challenging the validity of one of our Xyrem distribution patents that is already the subject of a previously filed IPR petition. The PTAB has not yet determined whether to institute proceedings with respect to these petitions for IPR. We cannot predict whether PTAB will institute any of the petitioned IPR proceedings, whether additional post-grant patent review challenges will be filed by any of the ANDA filers or any other entity, the outcome of any IPR or other proceeding if instituted, or the impact any IPR or other proceeding might have on ongoing ANDA litigation proceedings.
FazaClo ANDA Matters: Azur Pharma Public Limited Company, or Azur Pharma (prior to the business combination between Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Azur Pharma, or the Azur Merger), received notices of Paragraph IV Certifications from three generics manufacturers, Barr Laboratories, Inc., or Barr, Novel Laboratories, Inc., or Novel, and Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Mylan, indicating that ANDAs had been filed with the FDA requesting approval to market generic versions of FazaClo® (clozapine, USP) LD orally disintegrating clozapine tablets. Azur Pharma and CIMA Labs Inc., or CIMA, a subsidiary of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, or Teva, our licensor and the entity whose drug-delivery technology is incorporated into FazaClo LD, filed a lawsuit in response to each certification claiming infringement based on such certification against Barr on August 21, 2008, against Novel on November 25, 2008 and against Mylan on July 23, 2010. Each case was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, or the Delaware Court. On July 6, 2011, CIMA, Azur Pharma and Teva, which had acquired Barr, entered into an agreement settling the patent litigation and Azur Pharma granted a sublicense to an affiliate of Teva of Azur Pharma’s rights to have manufactured, market and sell a generic version of both FazaClo LD and FazaClo HD, as well as an option for supply of authorized generic product. The sublicense for FazaClo LD commenced in July 2012, and the sublicense for FazaClo HD will commence in May 2015. Teva exercised its option for supply of an authorized generic product for FazaClo LD and launched the authorized generic product at the end of August 2012. Teva has also exercised its option for supply of an authorized generic product for FazaClo HD. The Novel and Mylan matters had been stayed pending reexamination of the patents in the lawsuits. In September 2013 and January 2014, reexamination certificates were issued for the two patents-in-suit, and the patentability of the claims of the patents confirmed. The Delaware Court lifted the stay of litigation in the two cases in March 2014. On December 19, 2014, we and CIMA entered into an agreement with Novel settling the patent litigation against Novel and we granted Novel a sublicense to manufacture, market and sell a generic version of FazaClo LD and, if applicable, FazaClo HD. The sublicense will commence on May 1, 2017, or earlier upon the occurrence of certain events. Trial in the Mylan case is currently set for the third quarter of 2015, but we cannot predict the specific timing or outcome of this litigation.
Cutler Matter: On October 19, 2011, Dr. Neal Cutler, one of the original owners of FazaClo, filed a complaint against Azur Pharma and one of its subsidiaries, as well as Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Avanir, in the California Superior Court in the County of Los Angeles, or the Superior Court. The complaint alleges that Azur Pharma and its subsidiary breached certain contractual obligations. Azur Pharma acquired rights to FazaClo from Avanir in 2007. The complaint alleges that as part of the acquisition of FazaClo, Azur Pharma’s subsidiary agreed to assume certain contingent payment obligations to Dr. Cutler. The complaint further alleges that certain contingent payments are due because revenue thresholds have been achieved, entitling Dr. Cutler to a $10.5 million and an additional $25.0 million contingent payment, plus unspecified punitive damages and attorneys’ fees. In March 2012, the Superior Court granted our petition to compel arbitration of the dispute in New York and stayed the Superior Court litigation. In July 2012, the arbitrator dismissed the arbitration on the grounds that the parties’ dispute falls outside of the scope of the arbitration clause in the applicable contract. That ruling was affirmed by the California Court of Appeal in January 2014, and the case was remanded to Superior Court for discovery and trial. Trial has been scheduled for October 2015. We cannot predict the specific timing or outcome of this litigation.
Shareholder Litigation Matter: In January 2014, we became aware of a purported class action lawsuit filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York in connection with our acquisition pursuant to a tender offer of a majority of the voting securities of Gentium S.p.A., or Gentium, which we refer to as the Gentium Acquisition. The lawsuit named Gentium, each of the Gentium’s directors, us and our Italian subsidiary as defendants. The lawsuit alleged, among other things, that Gentium’s directors breached their fiduciary duties to Gentium’s shareholders in connection with the Gentium tender offer agreement that Gentium entered into with us and our Italian subsidiary valuing Gentium ordinary shares and American Depositary Shares at $57.00 per share, and that we and our Italian subsidiary violated Sections 14(e) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, by allegedly overseeing Gentium’s preparation of an allegedly false and misleading Section 14D-9 Solicitation/Recommendation Statement. On November 19, 2014, the plaintiff dismissed us and our Italian subsidiary from the lawsuit. On January 22, 2015, the entire lawsuit was dismissed with prejudice by the court.
From time to time we are involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. We believe there is no other litigation pending that could have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.
We have identified the following risks and uncertainties that may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. The risks described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also significantly impair our business operations. Our business could be harmed by any of these risks. The trading price of our ordinary shares could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment. In assessing these risks, you should also refer to the other information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.
We have marked with an asterisk (*) those risks described below that reflect substantive changes from, or additions to, the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Risks Relating to Xyrem and the Significant Impact of Xyrem Sales
Xyrem is our largest selling product, and our inability to maintain or increase sales of Xyrem would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.*
Xyrem is our largest selling product and our financial results are significantly influenced by sales of Xyrem, which accounted for 69.3% of our net product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 67.0% of our net product sales for the year ended December 31, 2014. Our future plans assume that sales of Xyrem will increase. While Xyrem product sales grew from 2012 to 2013 and from 2013 to 2014, we cannot assure you that we can maintain sales of Xyrem at or near current levels, or that Xyrem sales will continue to grow. We have periodically increased the price of Xyrem, most recently in February 2015, and we cannot assure you that price adjustments we have taken or may take in the future will not negatively affect Xyrem sales volumes.
In addition to other risks described herein, our ability to maintain or increase Xyrem product sales is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, the most important of which are discussed below, including those related to:
| |
• | the potential introduction of a generic version of Xyrem or an alternative sodium oxybate product for treating cataplexy and/or excessive daytime sleepiness, or EDS, in narcolepsy; |
| |
• | changed or increased regulatory restrictions, including changes to our final approved risk evaluation and mitigation strategy, or REMS, the development of a single shared REMS for sodium oxybate with potential generic competitors, or regulatory actions by the FDA, as discussed in more detail in the risk factors below; |
| |
• | our manufacturing partners’ ability to obtain sufficient quota from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, or DEA, to satisfy our needs for Xyrem; |
| |
• | any supply, manufacturing or distribution problems arising with any of our manufacturing and distribution partners, all of whom are sole source providers for us; |
| |
• | any increase in restrictive conditions for reimbursement required by, and the availability of reimbursement from, third party payors, as discussed in more detail in the risk factor in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q entitled “Price approvals and reimbursement may not be available for our products, which could diminish our sales or affect our ability to sell our products profitably;” |
| |
• | changes in healthcare laws and policy, including changes in requirements for rebates, reimbursement and coverage by federal healthcare programs; |
| |
• | continued acceptance of Xyrem by physicians and patients, even in the face of negative publicity that surfaces from time to time; |
| |
• | changes to our label, including new safety warnings or changes to our boxed warning, that further restrict how we market and sell Xyrem; |
| |
• | any failure to transition to the final approved REMS in a timely manner and to the satisfaction of the FDA; and |
| |
• | potential disruptions in services during such transition and potential negative reactions from physicians and patients in response to activities involved in our transition to the final approved REMS. |
These and the other risks described below related to Xyrem product sales and protection of our proprietary rights could have a material adverse effect on our ability to maintain or increase sales of Xyrem.
If sales of Xyrem were to decline significantly, we might need to reduce our operating expenses or to seek to raise additional funds, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects, or we might not be able to acquire, in-license or develop new products in the future to grow our business.
If generic versions of Xyrem or other sodium oxybate products that compete with Xyrem are approved and launched, sales of Xyrem would be adversely affected.*
Although Xyrem is covered by patents covering its manufacture, formulation, distribution system and method of use, five third parties have filed ANDAs seeking FDA approval of generic versions of Xyrem, and additional third parties may also seek to introduce generic versions of Xyrem or other sodium oxybate products for treatment of cataplexy and/or EDS in narcolepsy. If one or more companies receive FDA approval of an ANDA for a generic version of Xyrem or a new drug application, or NDA, for other sodium oxybate products, it is possible that such company or companies could introduce generic versions of Xyrem or other sodium oxybate products before our patents expire if they do not infringe our patents, if it is determined that
our patents are invalid or unenforceable, or if such company or companies decide, before applicable ongoing patent litigation is concluded, to launch a sodium oxybate product at risk of potentially being held liable for damages for patent infringement.
Five companies have sent us notices of Paragraph IV Certification that each has filed an ANDA with the FDA seeking approval to market a generic version of Xyrem before the expiration of the Orange Book-listed patents relating to Xyrem. We have sued all five ANDA filers seeking to prevent them from introducing a generic version of Xyrem that would infringe our patents, but we cannot assure you that any of the lawsuits will prevent the introduction of a generic version of Xyrem for any particular length of time, or at all. Additional ANDAs could also be filed requesting approval to market generic versions of Xyrem. If any of these applications is approved, and a generic version of Xyrem is introduced, our sales of Xyrem would be adversely affected. Although no trial date has been set in any of the ANDA suits, we anticipate that trial on some of the patents in the Roxane case could occur as early as the fourth quarter of 2015. However, the actual timing of events may be significantly earlier or later than we currently anticipate, and we cannot predict the timing or outcome of events in this or the other ANDA litigation.
In addition, between June and October 2014, petitions seeking CBM post-grant patent review by the PTAB were filed by certain of the ANDA filers with respect to the validity of six of our patents covering the distribution system for Xyrem. In early 2015, the PTAB issued decisions denying institution of CBM review for all of these petitions. In January 2015, petitions for IPR were filed by certain of the ANDA filers with respect to the validity of six of our patents covering the distribution system for Xyrem. In April 2015, we filed preliminary responses to these petitions, opposing the petitions and stating reasons that review should not be granted. In addition, in April 2015, a hedge fund (acting with affiliated entities and individuals and proceeding under the name of the Coalition for Affordable Drugs III LLC) filed an IPR petition challenging the validity of one of our Xyrem distribution patents that is already the subject of a previously filed IPR petition. The PTAB has not yet determined whether to institute proceedings with respect to the petitions for IPR. We cannot predict whether PTAB will institute any of the petitioned IPR proceedings, whether additional post-grant patent review challenges will be filed by any of the ANDA filers or any other entity, the outcome of any IPR or other proceeding if instituted, or the impact any IPR or other proceeding might have on ongoing ANDA litigation proceedings or other aspects of our Xyrem business.
In accordance with the Hatch-Waxman Act, as a result of our having filed a timely lawsuit against Roxane, FDA approval of Roxane’s ANDA was stayed until April 18, 2013, but that stay has expired. We do not know the status of Roxane’s ANDA and cannot predict what actions the FDA or Roxane may take with respect to Roxane’s ANDA. If Roxane’s ANDA is approved by the FDA, Roxane may seek to launch a generic version of Xyrem prior to a District Court, or potential appellate court, decision in our ongoing patent litigation. While, in the event of such commercialization, Roxane would be liable to us for damages in the event we ultimately prevail in the patent litigation, we expect that the introduction of generic competition for Xyrem would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. See the risk factor in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q entitled “The manufacture, distribution and sale of Xyrem are subject to significant regulatory oversight and restrictions and the requirements of a risk management program, and these restrictions and requirements, as well as the potential impact of changes to these restrictions and requirements, subject us to increased risks and uncertainties, any of which could negatively impact sales of Xyrem.”
Other companies could also develop products that are similar, but not identical, to Xyrem, such as an alternative formulation or an alternative formulation combined with a different delivery technology, and seek approval in the United States by referencing Xyrem and relying, to some degree, on the FDA’s approval of Xyrem and related determinations of safety and efficacy. For example, in April 2014, we learned about the completion of a “first in man” clinical trial by a company using its proprietary technology for delivery of a sodium oxybate formulation to eliminate second nighttime dosing for narcolepsy patients. This company has stated that it anticipates starting a pivotal trial in late 2015 and submitting an NDA, referencing Xyrem, to the FDA in the first half of 2017. If this company is successful in developing a sodium oxybate formulation that could be effectively used with its delivery technology and is able to obtain FDA or other regulatory approval for its product to treat narcolepsy patients, we expect the launch of such a product would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
A generic manufacturer or manufacturer of an alternative sodium oxybate product would need to obtain quota from the DEA in order to manufacture both the active pharmaceutical ingredient and the finished product to compete with Xyrem. The DEA publishes an annual aggregate quota for the active pharmaceutical ingredient of Xyrem, and our supplier is required to request and justify allocation of sufficient annual manufacturing quota as well as additional manufacturing quota if needed throughout the year. Through 2011, our active pharmaceutical ingredient supplier obtained substantially all of the published annual aggregate quota for use in the manufacture of Xyrem. However, for the last few years, our supplier was allocated only a portion of the published annual aggregate quota for the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Consequently, a generic manufacturer or manufacturer of an alternative sodium oxybate product may be able to obtain a portion of the annual aggregate active pharmaceutical ingredient quota. In the past, we have also had to engage in lengthy efforts to obtain the needed quotas after the original annual quotas had first been allocated. For 2015, both our active pharmaceutical ingredient supplier and finished product manufacturer have been allocated most, but not all, of their respective requested quotas. If, in the future, we and our
supplier and manufacturer cannot obtain the quotas that are needed on a timely basis, or at all, our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
After any introduction of a generic competitor, a significant percentage of the prescriptions written for Xyrem may be filled with the generic version, resulting in a loss in sales of Xyrem. Generic competition often results in decreases in the prices at which branded products can be sold, particularly when there is more than one generic available in the marketplace. In addition, certain U.S. state laws allow for, and in a few instances in the absence of specific instructions from the prescribing physician mandates, the dispensing of generic products rather than branded products where a generic version is available. We expect that generic competition for Xyrem would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
The manufacture, distribution and sale of Xyrem are subject to significant regulatory oversight and restrictions and the requirements of a risk management program, and these restrictions and requirements, as well as the potential impact of changes to these restrictions and requirements, subject us to increased risks and uncertainties, any of which could negatively impact sales of Xyrem.*
As a condition of approval of Xyrem, the FDA mandated that we maintain a risk management and controlled distribution system, or Xyrem Risk Management Program, which was required in conjunction with Xyrem’s approval by the FDA to ensure the safe distribution of Xyrem and minimize the risk of misuse, abuse and diversion of sodium oxybate. The Xyrem Risk Management Program included a number of elements including patient and physician education, a database of information to track and report certain information, and the use of a single central pharmacy to distribute Xyrem. The Xyrem Risk Management Program, adopted in 2002 before the FDA had authority to require REMS, was deemed to be an approved REMS pursuant to the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007, or FDAAA. The FDAAA, which amended the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, required that deemed REMS and related documents be updated to comply with the current requirements for REMS documents. Pursuant to the FDCA, we engaged with the FDA starting in 2008 to finalize our REMS documents for Xyrem, including initiating dispute resolution procedures with the FDA in February 2014. On February 27, 2015, the FDA notified Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of our company, of (i) the FDA’s approval of the REMS for Xyrem in the form submitted by us in November 2014, which includes provisions requiring distribution through a single pharmacy, and (ii) the FDA’s denial of our dispute resolution appeal as moot as a result of approval of the Xyrem REMS.
The Xyrem REMS approval notice included statements from the FDA that (i) the approval action should not be construed or understood as agreement with us that dispensing through a single pharmacy is the only way to ensure that the benefits of Xyrem outweigh its risks, and that the FDA has continuing concerns that limiting the distribution of Xyrem to one pharmacy imposes burdens on patient access and the healthcare delivery system, and (ii) as with all REMS, the FDA intends to evaluate the Xyrem REMS on an ongoing basis and will require modifications as may be appropriate. We cannot predict whether the FDA will seek to require or ultimately require modifications to the Xyrem REMS, including with respect to the distribution system, or seek to otherwise impose or ultimately impose additional requirements to the Xyrem REMS, or the potential timing, terms or propriety thereof. Any such modifications or additional requirements could potentially make it more difficult or expensive for us to distribute Xyrem, make it easier for future generic competitors, and/or negatively affect sales of Xyrem.
We are in the process of transitioning our risk management program to the final approved Xyrem REMS, or the Xyrem REMS Program, and are working with the single central pharmacy for Xyrem, Express Scripts Specialty Distribution Services and its affiliate CuraScript, Inc., or ESSDS, to implement the necessary systems, processes, procedures and activities. While we expect to implement the Xyrem REMS by late August 2015 and to submit ongoing assessments, in each case as set forth in the FDA’s Xyrem REMS approval notice, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to do so in a timely manner, that our implementation of the Xyrem REMS will meet FDA requirements, that the assessments will be satisfactory to the FDA, or that the Xyrem REMS will satisfy FDA’s expectations in their anticipated evaluation of the Xyrem REMS on an ongoing basis. Any failure to transition to the Xyrem REMS in a timely manner and to the satisfaction of the FDA could result in enforcement action by the FDA, up to and including a warning letter or determination that Xyrem must be removed from the market. Non-compliance with the REMS obligations can lead to the changes in the REMS obligations, including additional restrictions on marketing, suspension or withdrawal of marketing authorization or imposition of financial penalties or other enforcement measures. Failure to successfully transition to the Xyrem REMS or comply with the REMS obligations could negatively affect sales of Xyrem, result in additional costs and expenses for us, and/or take a significant amount of time, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
Section 505-1(i)(1) of the FDCA generally provides that (i) an ANDA that references a drug subject to a REMS with elements to assure safe use, or ETASU, is required to have a REMS with the same elements as the referenced drug, and (ii) the ANDA drug and the referenced drug shall use a single shared system to assure safe use. However, the FDA may waive this requirement for a single shared system and permit the ANDA holder to submit separate but comparable REMS if the FDA either determines that the burden of creating a single shared system outweighs its benefit, or if the ANDA applicant certifies that it has been unable to obtain a license to any aspects of the REMS for the referenced drug product that are covered by a
patent or a trade secret. The FDCA provides that the FDA may seek to negotiate a license between the ANDA sponsor and the sponsor of the listed product before granting a waiver of the single shared system requirement. Accordingly, we expect to continue to face pressure to develop a single shared system REMS with potential generic competitors for Xyrem or to license or share intellectual property pertinent to the Xyrem REMS, which is the subject of multiple issued patents, or elements of the Xyrem REMS, with generic competitors.
The FDA has stated that it expects the negotiation of a single shared REMS between an NDA holder and ANDA applicant(s) to proceed concurrently with the FDA’s review of ANDA applications. The FDA has further stated that it typically monitors the progress of industry working groups attempting to develop shared REMS systems, and that it has acted to help ensure that sponsors were cooperating and that there were no obstacles to developing a single shared system. In January 2014, the FDA held an initial meeting with us and the then-current sodium oxybate ANDA applicants to facilitate the development of a single shared REMS for sodium oxybate. The parties have had regular interactions with respect to developing a single shared REMS since the initial meeting, and we expect the interactions to continue. If we do not develop a single shared REMS or license or share intellectual property pertinent to the Xyrem REMS with a generic competitor within a time frame or on terms that the FDA considers acceptable, the FDA may assert that its waiver authority permits it to allow the generic competitor to market a generic drug with a separate REMS that includes different, but comparable, ETASU than those in our approved Xyrem REMS. We cannot predict the outcome or impact on our business of any future action that we may take with respect to the development of a single shared REMS for sodium oxybate, licensing or sharing intellectual property pertinent to the Xyrem REMS, or the FDA’s response to a certification that a third party had been unable to obtain a license. See the risk factor in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q entitled “We have incurred and expect to continue to incur substantial costs as a result of litigation or other proceedings relating to patents, other intellectual property rights and related matters, and we may be unable to protect our rights to, or commercialize, our products.”
The Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, has been paying increasing attention to the use of REMS by companies selling branded products, in particular to whether REMS may be deliberately being used to reduce the risk of competition from generic drugs in a way that may be deemed to be anticompetitive. It is possible that the FTC, other governmental authorities or others could claim or determine that we are using the Xyrem REMS in an anticompetitive manner (including in light of the FDA’s statement in the Xyrem REMS approval notice that the Xyrem REMS could be used in an anticompetitive manner inconsistent with applicable provisions of the FDCA) or have engaged in other anticompetitive practices. The FDCA further states that a REMS shall not be used by an NDA holder to block or delay generic drugs from entering the market. Three of the ANDA applicants have asserted that our patents covering the distribution system for Xyrem should not have been listed in the Orange Book, and that the Xyrem REMS is blocking competition. We cannot predict the outcome of these claims in the ongoing litigation, or the impact of any similar claims that may be made in the future.
The approved Xyrem REMS requires, among other things, that healthcare providers prescribing Xyrem be specially certified in the Xyrem REMS Program, that Xyrem be dispensed only by the central pharmacy that is specially certified in the Xyrem REMS Program, that Xyrem be dispensed and shipped only to patients who are enrolled in the Xyrem REMS Program with documentation of safe use conditions, that we ensure that a secure and validated central database is maintained for the Xyrem REMS Program, and that we submit our required periodic assessments on or before the due dates specified in the approval notice. The process under which enrolled patients receive Xyrem is complex and includes multiple mandatory steps taken by the central pharmacy. There may be potential disruptions in services for patients and physicians as a result of the implementation of necessary systems in the transition to the Xyrem REMS, which could potentially affect the rate at which new patients are enrolled and prescribed Xyrem. Sales of Xyrem could be negatively affected as a result of these potential disruptions and/or potential negative reactions from patients and physicians in response to the activities involved in our transition to the Xyrem REMS.
While we have an exclusive agreement with ESSDS, the central pharmacy for Xyrem, through June 2017, if the central pharmacy does not fulfill its contractual obligations to us, fails to meet the requirements of the REMS applicable to the central pharmacy, provides timely notice that it wants to terminate our agreement, refuses or fails to adequately serve patients, or fails to promptly and adequately address operational challenges, whether expected or unexpected, the fulfillment of Xyrem prescriptions and our sales would be adversely affected. If we change our central pharmacy, new contracts might be required with government and other insurers who pay for Xyrem, and the terms of any new contracts could be less favorable to us than current agreements. In addition, any new central pharmacy would need to be registered with the DEA and would also need to implement the particular processes, procedures and activities necessary to distribute Xyrem under the Xyrem REMS. Transitioning to a new pharmacy could result in product shortages, which would negatively affect sales of Xyrem in the United States, result in additional costs and expenses for us, and/or take a significant amount of time, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
As required by the FDA and other regulatory agencies, the adverse event information that we collect for Xyrem is regularly reported to the FDA and could result in the FDA requiring changes to the Xyrem label or taking or requiring us to take other actions that could have an adverse effect on Xyrem’s commercial success. Our Xyrem deemed REMS included, and the final approved Xyrem REMS similarly includes, unique features that provide more extensive information about adverse
events, including deaths, than is generally available for other products that are not subject to similar risk management programs. For example, in April 2011, we learned that deaths of patients who had been prescribed Xyrem between 2003 and 2010 had not always been reported to us by ESSDS and therefore to the FDA by us, as required. We reported these cases to the FDA when we discovered them, investigated the related data from ESSDS as well as additional data we gathered, and submitted an analysis of the data to the FDA. In October 2011, we received a warning letter from the FDA regarding certain aspects of our adverse event reporting system for Xyrem and drug safety procedures related to the deaths that we discovered in April 2011 which had not been reported. We completed the actions and submitted the data required to address the observations in the 2011 warning letter and arising from a subsequent inspection. In August 2013, we received a close-out letter from the FDA.
In April 2014, we received a Form FDA 483 at the conclusion of a pharmacovigilance inspection conducted by the FDA. The Form FDA 483 included observations relating to certain aspects of our adverse drug experience, or ADE, reporting system for all of our products, including Xyrem. We responded to the Form FDA 483 with a description of the corrective actions and improvements we had implemented before or shortly following the inspection and additional improvements that we planned to implement, and have now implemented, to address the observations in the Form FDA 483. In August 2014, the FDA issued an Establishment Inspection Report to us, which indicates that the inspection is closed. Although we have implemented improvements to our ADE reporting system, there can be no assurance that the FDA or other regulatory agencies will not identify additional matters in future pharmacovigilance inspections or that we will be able to adequately address any matters identified by the FDA or other regulatory agencies in the future, and the failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Any failure to demonstrate our substantial compliance with applicable regulatory requirements to the satisfaction of the FDA or any other regulatory authority could result in such regulatory authorities taking actions in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on Xyrem sales and therefore on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. See also the risk factor in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q entitled “We are subject to significant ongoing regulatory obligations and oversight, which may result in significant additional expense and limit our ability to commercialize our products.”
The FDA has required that Xyrem’s label include a boxed warning regarding the risk of abuse. A boxed warning is the strongest type of warning that the FDA can require for a drug product and warns prescribers that the drug carries a significant risk of serious or even life-threatening adverse effects. A boxed warning also means, among other things, that the product cannot be advertised through reminder ads, or ads that mention the pharmaceutical brand name but not the indication or medical condition it treats. We cannot predict whether the FDA will require additional warnings, including boxed warnings, to be included on Xyrem’s label. Moreover, Xyrem’s FDA approval under the FDA’s Subpart H regulations requires that all of the promotional materials for Xyrem be provided to the FDA for review at least 30 days prior to the intended time of first use. Warnings in the Xyrem label and any limitations on our ability to advertise and promote Xyrem may have affected, and could in the future negatively affect, Xyrem sales and therefore our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
Risks Relating to Our Business
While Xyrem remains our largest product, our success also depends on our ability to effectively commercialize our other products. Our inability to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.*
In addition to Xyrem, we are commercializing a portfolio of products, including our other lead marketed products Erwinaze (called Erwinase in markets outside the United States) and Defitelio.
Erwinaze, a biologic product, is used in conjunction with chemotherapy to treat patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or ALL, with hypersensitivity to E. coli-derived asparaginase. Erwinaze was approved by the FDA under a biologics license application, or BLA, and was launched in the U.S. market in November 2011. It is also being sold under marketing authorizations, named patient programs, temporary use authorizations or similar authorizations in multiple countries in Europe and elsewhere.
Erwinaze represents an important part of our strategy to grow sales of our existing products. However, our ability to successfully and sustainably maintain or grow sales of Erwinaze is subject to a number of challenges, including the limited population of patients with ALL and the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions to E. coli-derived asparaginase within that population, our ability to obtain clinical data on the use of Erwinaze in young adults age 18 to 39 with ALL who are hypersensitive to E. coli-derived asparaginase, particularly in light of our recent decision to terminate a clinical trial in this patient population based on an inability to enroll patients, as well as our need to apply for and receive marketing authorizations, through the European Union’s, or EU’s, mutual recognition procedure or otherwise, in certain additional countries so we can launch promotional efforts in those countries. Another significant challenge to our ability to maintain the current sales level and to increase sales is our limited inventory of Erwinaze and our need to avoid supply interruptions of Erwinaze due to
capacity constraints, production delays, quality challenges or other manufacturing difficulties. See the discussion regarding Erwinaze supply issues in the risk factor in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q entitled “We depend on single source suppliers and manufacturers for each of our products, product candidates and their active pharmaceutical ingredients. The loss of any of these suppliers or manufacturers, or delays or problems in the supply or manufacture of our products for commercial sale or our product candidates for use in our clinical trials, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.”
We also face numerous other risks that may impact Erwinaze sales, including regulatory risks, the development of new asparaginase treatments that could reduce the rate of hypersensitivity in patients with ALL, the development of new treatment protocols for ALL that may not include asparaginase-containing regimens, difficulties with obtaining and maintaining favorable pricing and reimbursement arrangements and potential competition from future biosimilar products. In addition, if we fail to comply with our obligations under our agreement with the licensor and manufacturer of Erwinaze or lose exclusive rights to Erwinaze, or otherwise fail to maintain or grow sales of Erwinaze, our growth prospects could be negatively affected.
We made a significant investment in Defitelio/defibrotide in 2014, adding the product to our portfolio as a result of the Gentium Acquisition and then securing worldwide rights to the product by acquiring rights to defibrotide in the Americas in August 2014. Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits from this investment is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including our ability to successfully maintain or grow sales of Defitelio in Europe, or obtain marketing approval of defibrotide in other countries, including the United States, so that we can commercialize the product in those countries. See the risk factor in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q entitled “We may not be able to successfully maintain or grow sales of Defitelio in Europe, or obtain marketing approval of defibrotide in other countries, including the United States, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.”
We also face other challenges that could impact the anticipated value of Defitelio/defibrotide, including the limited size of the population of patients who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or HSCT, therapy and develop severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease, or VOD, the need to establish U.S. pricing and reimbursement support for the product in the event we are able to obtain U.S. marketing approval for defibrotide, the possibility that we may be required to conduct time-consuming and costly clinical trials as a condition of any U.S. marketing approval for the product, the lack of experience of U.S. physicians in diagnosing and treating VOD, and challenges to our ability to develop the product for indications in addition to the treatment of severe VOD. If sales of Defitelio/defibrotide do not reach the levels we expect, our anticipated revenue from the product would be negatively affected, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
Failure to maintain or increase prescriptions and revenue from sales of our products, including Erwinaze and Defitelio, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. We may choose to increase the price of our products, and we cannot assure you that price adjustments will not negatively affect our sales volumes. In addition, sales of Erwinaze may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter, depending on the number of patients receiving treatment, the availability of supply to meet the demand for the product, the dosing requirements of treated patients and other factors. The market price of our ordinary shares may decline if the sales of our products do not continue or grow at the rates anticipated by financial analysts or investors.
In addition, if we fail to obtain approvals for certain of our products in new indications or formulations, we will be unable to commercialize our products in new indications or formulations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
We may not be able to successfully maintain or grow sales of Defitelio in Europe, or obtain marketing approval of defibrotide in other countries, including the United States, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.*
We expect to continue to launch Defitelio in additional European countries on a rolling basis in 2015 and are in the process of making pricing and reimbursement submissions with respect to Defitelio, and discussing them with regulatory authorities, in those European countries where Defitelio is not yet launched, including in countries where pricing and reimbursement approvals are required for launch. We cannot predict the timing of Defitelio’s launch in countries where we are engaged in pricing and reimbursement submissions. If we experience delays and unforeseen difficulties in obtaining favorable pricing and reimbursement approvals, planned launches in the affected countries would be delayed, which could negatively impact anticipated revenue from Defitelio. Similarly, the process for obtaining pricing and reimbursement approvals is complex and can vary from country-to-country. For example, France requires the evaluation of the medical benefits of a new product as well as the added clinical value of a new product in comparison with existing therapies, and we are evaluating the impact of this evaluation on our ability to obtain favorable pricing and reimbursement in France. If we are unable to ultimately obtain favorable pricing and reimbursement approvals in countries that represent significant markets, including France,
especially where a country’s reimbursed price influences other countries, our growth prospects in Europe could be negatively affected.
We have developed estimates of anticipated pricing, which are based on our research and understanding of the product and target market. However, due to efforts to provide for containment of health care costs, one or more countries may not support our estimated level of governmental pricing and reimbursement for Defitelio, particularly in light of the budget crises faced by a number of countries in Europe, which would negatively impact anticipated revenue from Defitelio. Furthermore, after initial price and reimbursement approvals, reductions in prices and changes in reimbursement levels can be triggered by multiple factors, including reference pricing systems and publication of discounts by third party payors or authorities in other countries. In the EU, prices can be reduced further by parallel distribution and parallel trade, or arbitrage between low-priced and high-priced countries. If any of these events occurs, our anticipated revenue from Defitelio would be negatively affected.
Due to the recent commercialization of Defitelio in Europe and the limited amount of historical sales data, our Defitelio sales will be difficult to predict from period to period, particularly since we may experience delays and unforeseen difficulties in obtaining favorable pricing and reimbursement approvals in additional countries. As a result, you should not rely on Defitelio sales results in any period as being indicative of future performance. In addition, if sales of Defitelio do not reach the levels we expect, our anticipated revenue from Defitelio would be negatively affected which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
Defitelio was authorized under “exceptional circumstances” because it was not possible to obtain complete information about the product due to the rarity of the disease and because ethical considerations prevented conducting a study directly comparing Defitelio with best supportive care or a placebo. A marketing authorization granted under exceptional circumstances is subject to approval conditions and an annual reassessment of the risk-benefit balance by the European Medicines Agency, or EMA. As a result, if we fail to meet the approval condition for Defitelio, which requires that we set up a patient registry to investigate the long-term safety, health outcomes and patterns of utilization of Defitelio during normal use, or if it is determined that the balance of risks and benefits of using Defitelio changes materially, the EMA could vary, suspend or withdraw the marketing authorization for Defitelio. This could negatively impact our anticipated revenue from Defitelio and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
At the time of the Gentium Acquisition, Gentium had licensed to Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Sigma-Tau, the rights to defibrotide for the treatment and prevention of VOD in North America, Central America and South America. We acquired these rights from Sigma-Tau in August 2014. Defibrotide has been, and continues to be, made available as an investigational drug to patients diagnosed with VOD in the United States through an expanded access treatment protocol open under an investigational new drug application. We are engaged in activities related to the potential approval of defibrotide in the United States. A prior NDA submission by Gentium seeking approval in the United States for defibrotide for the treatment of VOD was voluntarily withdrawn from consideration in 2011 in order to address issues raised by the FDA. We held pre-NDA meetings with the FDA relating to our plans for the submission of an NDA for defibrotide for the treatment of severe VOD. Based on these meetings and in light of the current status of our acquisition and remediation of key information to be included in the data package for the NDA, in December 2014, we initiated a rolling NDA submission to the FDA and expect to complete the submission in mid-2015. We do not expect to be required to complete any additional clinical trials prior to the completion of the NDA submission. Even if we are able to complete the NDA submission as planned, we cannot predict whether our NDA will be approved in a timely manner, if at all. It is possible that the FDA may ask an Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee, or ODAC, which provides the FDA with independent expert advice and recommendations, to review our NDA. The ODAC may recommend against approval of our NDA, may recommend conditioning approval on our conducting one or more potentially time-consuming and costly clinical trials to provide supporting data either before approval or as a post-marketing commitment, or may recommend more narrow or restricted labeling than we expect to propose. The FDA will consider the ODAC’s recommendations when making decisions regarding our NDA, although the FDA is not bound by such recommendations. In addition, although the FDA has granted Fast Track designation to defibrotide to treat severe VOD, this designation does not guarantee that we will be able to take advantage of the expedited review procedures and does not increase the likelihood that defibrotide will receive marketing approval.
We are also assessing the potential for approval of defibrotide in other countries and for development of defibrotide in indications in addition to the treatment of severe VOD. We cannot know when, if ever, defibrotide will be approved in any other country or under what circumstances, and what, if any, additional clinical or other development activities will be required in order to potentially obtain such regulatory approval and the cost associated with such required activities, if any. If we fail to obtain approval for defibrotide in other countries or for new indications, our anticipated revenue from defibrotide and our growth prospects would be negatively affected.
The marketing authorization application Gentium initially filed with the EMA in 2011 sought approval for defibrotide for the treatment and prevention of VOD in adults and children. The approval Gentium received in October 2013 was for the narrower indication of treatment of severe VOD in adults and children undergoing HSCT therapy. The scope of any future approvals we receive may negatively affect defibrotide’s growth prospects.
We cannot predict whether historical revenues from named patient programs for our hematology/oncology products will continue or whether we will be able to continue to distribute those products on a named patient basis.
In certain European countries, reimbursement for products that have not yet received marketing authorization may be provided through national named patient programs. Erwinase and defibrotide are available on a named patient basis in many countries where they are not commercially available. Such reimbursement may cease to be available if authorization for a named patient program expires or is terminated. While we generate revenue from the distribution of these products through named patient programs, we cannot predict whether historical revenues from these programs will continue, whether we will be able to continue to distribute our products on a named patient basis in these countries, whether we will be able to commercialize our products in countries where the products have historically been available on a named patient basis, or whether commercial revenues will exceed revenues historically generated from sales on a named patient basis. Any failure to maintain revenues from sales of Erwinase and/or defibrotide on a named patient basis and/or to generate revenues from commercial sales of these products exceeding historical sales on a named patient basis could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
We depend on single source suppliers and manufacturers for each of our products, product candidates and their active pharmaceutical ingredients. The loss of any of these suppliers or manufacturers, or delays or problems in the supply or manufacture of our products for commercial sale or our product candidates for use in our clinical trials, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.*
The manufacture of pharmaceutical products requires significant expertise and capital investment, including the development of process controls required to consistently produce the active pharmaceutical ingredient and the finished product in sufficient quantities while meeting detailed product specifications on a repeated basis. Manufacturers of pharmaceutical products often encounter difficulties in production, including difficulties with production costs and yields, process controls, quality control and quality assurance, including testing of stability, impurities and impurity levels and other product specifications by validated test methods, and compliance with strictly enforced U.S., state and non-U.S. regulations. If we or any of our third party suppliers or manufacturers encounter these or any other manufacturing, quality or compliance difficulties with respect to any of our products, particularly Xyrem and Erwinaze since we maintain limited inventories for these products, we may be unable to meet commercial demand for such products, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
Other than the manufacturing plant in Italy where we produce some active pharmaceutical ingredients, including the defibrotide drug substance, we do not currently have our own manufacturing capability for our products or product candidates, or their active pharmaceutical ingredients, or the capability to package our products. The availability of our products for commercial sale depends upon our ability to procure the ingredients, raw materials, packaging materials and finished products we need from third parties. In part due to the limited market size for our products and product candidates, we have entered into supply and manufacturing agreements with suppliers and manufacturers, each of which is currently our single source for each of our marketed products and for the active pharmaceutical ingredients used in some of these products.
We maintain limited inventories of Xyrem and Erwinaze, as well as the ingredients or raw materials used to make them. Our limited inventory puts us at significant risk of not being able to meet product demand. The current manufacturing capacity for Erwinaze is nearly completely absorbed by demand for the product. As a consequence of constrained manufacturing capacity, we have had extremely limited ability to build an excess level of product inventory that could be used to absorb disruptions to supply resulting from quality or other issues. If we continue to be subject to capacity constraints or experience quality or other manufacturing challenges in the future, we may be unable to build a desired excess level of product inventory, and our ability to supply the market may be compromised.
Although we are taking steps to improve the Erwinaze manufacturing process, if our ongoing efforts are not successful, or we are subject to other challenges described elsewhere in this risk factor, we could experience additional Erwinaze supply interruptions in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our sales of and revenues from Erwinaze and limit our potential maintenance and growth of the market for this product. If, for any reason, our suppliers and manufacturers, including any new suppliers, do not continue to supply us with our products or product candidates in a timely fashion and in compliance with applicable quality and regulatory requirements, or otherwise fail or refuse to comply with their obligations to us under our supply and manufacturing arrangements, we may not have adequate remedies for any breach, and their failure to supply us could result in a shortage of our products or product candidates, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
In addition, if one of our suppliers or manufacturers fails or refuses to supply us for any reason, it would take a significant amount of time and expense to qualify a new supplier or manufacturer. The loss of one of our suppliers or manufacturers could require us to obtain regulatory clearance in the form of a “prior approval supplement” and to incur validation and other costs associated with the transfer of the active pharmaceutical ingredient or product manufacturing process. We believe that it could take up to two years, or longer in certain cases, to qualify a new supplier or manufacturer, and
we may not be able to obtain active pharmaceutical ingredients or finished products from new suppliers or manufacturers on acceptable terms and at reasonable prices, or at all. Should we lose either an active pharmaceutical ingredient supplier or a finished product manufacturer, we may not, as applicable, have sufficient salable product to meet market demands or a sufficient quantity of a product candidate for use in clinical trials while we wait for FDA or similar international regulatory body approval of a new supplier or manufacturer.
Siegfried (USA) Inc., subsequently renamed Siegfried USA, LLC, or Siegfried, has been our sole supplier of sodium oxybate since 2012. We expect that Siegfried will continue to be our sole supplier of sodium oxybate for the foreseeable future, and we cannot assure you that Siegfried can or will continue to supply on a timely basis, or at all, sufficient quantities of active pharmaceutical ingredient to enable the manufacture of the quantities of Xyrem that we need.
Erwinaze is licensed from and manufactured by a single source, which was Public Health England, or PHE, through March 31, 2015. PHE has advised us that as of April 1, 2015, the facility at which Erwinaze is manufactured was transferred to Porton BioPharma Limited, a limited liability company that is wholly-owned by the U.K. Secretary of State for Health, or PBL. The FDA’s approval of the BLA for Erwinaze includes a number of post-marketing commitments related to the manufacture of Erwinaze. Inability to comply with regulatory requirements, including compliance with manufacturing-related post-marketing commitments that are part of the BLA approval, as well as other requirements monitored by the FDA, could adversely affect Erwinaze supply and could result in FDA approval being revoked or product recalls, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our sales of and revenues from Erwinaze and limit our potential future maintenance and growth of the market for this product. In addition, if the FDA or any non-U.S. regulatory authority mandates any changes to the specifications for Erwinaze, we may face challenges having product produced to meet such specifications, and our supplier may increase its price to supply Erwinaze meeting such specifications, which may result in additional costs to us and may decrease any profit we would otherwise achieve with Erwinaze.
Although there have been long-term plans to expand production capacity of Erwinaze and we are now working with PBL on matters related to Erwinaze supply, we cannot assure you that our supplier will be able to continue to supply our ongoing commercial needs for the product in a timely manner, or at all, especially if our demand for product increases. If production difficulties occur as described elsewhere in this risk factor and result in a disruption to supply or capacity constraints, we do not have the right to engage a backup supplier for Erwinaze except in very limited circumstances, such as following the termination of the agreement by us due to the uncured material breach or the cessation of manufacturing by our supplier. If we are required to engage a backup or alternative supplier, the transfer of technical expertise and manufacturing process to the backup or alternative supplier would be difficult, costly and time-consuming, might not be successful and would increase the likelihood of a delay or interruption in manufacturing or a shortage of supply of Erwinaze. While we continue to work with our supplier to evaluate potential steps to increase the supply of Erwinaze over the longer term to address worldwide demand, our ability to maintain or increase sales of Erwinaze may be limited by our ability to obtain a sufficient supply of the product. Failure to obtain a sufficient supply of Erwinaze could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
We are our sole supplier of, and we believe that we are currently the sole worldwide producer of, the defibrotide drug compound. We manufacture the defibrotide drug compound in a single facility located in Villa Guardia, near Como, Italy. This facility could be damaged by fire, flood, earthquake, power loss, telecommunication and information system failure, terrorism or similar events. Any of these events could cause a delay or interruption in manufacturing and potentially a supply shortage of defibrotide, which could negatively impact our anticipated revenues. Patheon UK Limited, or Patheon UK, currently processes the defibrotide compound into its finished vial form, and is the sole provider of our commercial supply of the finished product in the EU and of our future clinical supply. If Patheon UK does not or is not able to perform these services for any reason, it may take time and resources to implement and execute the necessary technology transfer to another processor, and such delay could negatively impact our product launch and anticipated revenues and potentially cause us to breach contractual obligations with customers or to violate local laws requiring us to deliver the product to those in need.
We are also in the process of evaluating an appropriate provider to process defibrotide into finished product for the U.S. market in preparation for the potential approval of the product by the FDA. Part of the process to obtain FDA approval for defibrotide is to obtain certification from the FDA that the facilities we and our third party provider operate are in compliance with the FDA’s current Good Manufacturing Practices, or cGMP, requirements. The FDA may deny approval to manufacture defibrotide if the FDA determines that either our facility or our third party provider’s facility does not meet applicable manufacturing and quality requirements. Following initial approval, if any, the FDA will continue to inspect and evaluate these facilities for ongoing compliance with applicable requirements. In addition, defibrotide is derived from porcine DNA. Our supplier of porcine materials may also be evaluated and inspected by the FDA in connection with our application for approval of defibrotide in the United States. If our supplier experiences safety or other issues that impact its ability to supply porcine materials to us as needed, we may not be able to find alternative suppliers in a timely fashion, which could negatively impact our supply of defibrotide.
In order to commence any of our planned clinical programs for JZP-110 or to conduct future clinical trials for JZP-386, if any, we need to have sufficient quantities of clinical product manufactured and available for use. While we believe that we will be able to obtain sufficient supplies of JZP-110 or JZP-386 before the commencement of such planned or future clinical trials, there can be no assurance that our suppliers will be able to produce or provide sufficient clinical supplies of JZP-110 or, if trials proceed, JZP-386 in a timely manner. Any delay in receiving adequate supplies of JZP-110 or JZP-386 for our studies could negatively impact our development programs.
The DEA limits the quantity of certain Schedule I controlled substances that may be produced in the United States in any given calendar year through a quota system. Because the active pharmaceutical ingredient of Xyrem, sodium oxybate, is a Schedule I controlled substance, our supplier of sodium oxybate, as well as our finished product manufacturer, must each obtain separate DEA quotas in order to supply us with sodium oxybate and Xyrem. Since the DEA typically grants quotas on an annual basis, our sodium oxybate supplier and Xyrem manufacturer are required to request and justify allocation of sufficient annual DEA quotas as well as additional DEA quotas if our commercial or clinical requirements exceed the allocated quotas throughout the year. In the past, we have had to engage in lengthy efforts to obtain the needed quotas after the original annual quotas had first been allocated. For 2015, both our active pharmaceutical ingredient supplier and finished product manufacturer were allocated most, but not all, of their respective requested quotas. If, in the future, we and our supplier and manufacturer cannot obtain the quotas that are needed on a timely basis, or at all, our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
In addition, the FDA and similar international regulatory bodies must approve manufacturers of the active and inactive pharmaceutical ingredients and certain packaging materials used in our products. If there are delays in qualifying new manufacturers or facilities or a new manufacturer is unable to obtain a sufficient quota from the DEA, if required, or to otherwise meet FDA or similar international regulatory body’s requirements for approval, there could be a shortage of the affected products for the marketplace or for use in clinical studies, or both, particularly since we do not have secondary sources for supply and manufacture of the active pharmaceutical ingredients for our products or backup manufacturers for our finished products.
Failure by us or our third party manufacturers to comply with regulatory requirements could adversely affect our or their ability to supply products or ingredients. All facilities and manufacturing techniques used for the manufacture of pharmaceutical products must be operated in conformity with applicable current cGMP requirements. DEA regulations also govern facilities where controlled substances such as Xyrem’s active pharmaceutical ingredient are manufactured. Our manufacturing facility in Italy and manufacturing facilities of our suppliers have been and are subject to periodic unannounced inspection by the FDA, the EMA, the DEA, the Italian Health Authority and other regulatory authorities, including state authorities and similar authorities in other jurisdictions, to confirm compliance with cGMP and other requirements. For example, the FDA inspected the facility where Erwinaze is manufactured in January 2015 and issued a Form FDA 483 with observations relating to the manufacturing process. We and our third party manufacturers must continually expend time, money and effort in production, record-keeping and quality assurance and control to ensure that our products and product candidates meet applicable specifications and other requirements for product safety, efficacy and quality. Failure to comply with applicable legal and regulatory requirements subjects us and our suppliers to possible legal or regulatory action, including restrictions on supply or shutdown, which may adversely affect our or a supplier’s ability to supply the ingredients or finished products we need.
Our ability to develop and deliver products in a timely and competitive manner depends on our third party suppliers and manufacturers being able to continue to meet our ongoing commercial needs. Any delay in supplying, or failure to supply, products by any of our suppliers could result in our inability to meet the commercial demand for our products, or our needs for use in clinical trials, and could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
We have substantially expanded our international footprint and operations, and we may expand further in the future, but we do not yet have substantial historical experience in international markets and may not achieve the results that we or our shareholders expect.*
We are headquartered in Dublin, Ireland and have multiple offices in the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy and other countries in Europe. Our headcount has grown to approximately 835 in May 2015. This includes employees in fourteen countries in North America and Europe, a European commercial presence, a complex distribution network for products in Europe and additional territories, a manufacturing facility in Italy and a manufacturing facility under construction in Ireland. In addition, we may expand our international operations into other countries in the future, either organically or by acquisition. While we have acquired significant management and other personnel with substantial international experience, conducting our business in multiple countries subjects us to a variety of risks and complexities that may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, including, among other things:
| |
• | the increased complexity and costs inherent in managing international operations; |
| |
• | diverse regulatory, financial and legal requirements, and any future changes to such requirements, in one or more countries where we are located or do business; |
| |
• | country-specific tax, labor and employment laws and regulations; |
| |
• | applicable trade laws, tariffs, export quotas, custom duties or other trade restrictions and any changes to them; |
| |
• | challenges inherent in efficiently managing employees in diverse geographies, including the need to adapt systems, policies, benefits and compliance programs to differing labor and other regulations, as well as maintaining positive interactions with unionized employees in one of our international locations; |
| |
• | liabilities for activities of, or related to, our international operations, products or product candidates; |
| |
• | changes in currency rates; and |
| |
• | regulations relating to data security and the unauthorized use of, or access to, commercial and personal information. |
Failure to effectively manage these risks could have a material adverse effect on our business.
As a result of our rapid growth, our business and corporate structure has become substantially more complex. There can be no assurance that we will effectively manage the increased complexity without experiencing operating inefficiencies or control deficiencies. Significant management time and effort is required to effectively manage the increased complexity of our company, and our failure to successfully do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
In recent years, the global economy has been impacted by the effects of an ongoing global financial crisis, including the European sovereign debt crisis, which has caused extreme disruption in the financial markets, including severely diminished liquidity and credit availability. In addition, we expect to continue to grow our product sales in Europe. Continuing worldwide economic instability, including challenges faced by the Eurozone and certain of the countries in Europe and the ongoing budgetary difficulties faced by a number of EU member states, including Greece and Spain, has led and may continue to lead to substantial delays in payment and payment partially with government bonds rather than cash for medicinal drug products, which could negatively impact our revenues and profitability.
The commercial success of our products depends upon their market acceptance by physicians, patients, third party payors and the medical community.*
Physicians may not prescribe our products, in which case we would not generate the revenues we anticipate from product sales. Market acceptance of any of our products by physicians, patients, third party payors and the medical community depends on:
| |
• | the clinical indications for which a product is approved, including any restrictions placed upon the product in connection with its approval, such as a REMS, patient registry or labeling restrictions; |
| |
• | the prevalence of the disease or condition for which the product is approved and the severity of side effects; |
| |
• | acceptance by physicians and patients of each product as a safe and effective treatment; |
| |
• | perceived advantages over alternative treatments; |
| |
• | relative convenience and ease of administration; |
| |
• | physician and patient assessment of the burdens associated with obtaining or maintaining the certifications required under the Xyrem REMS; |
| |
• | the cost of treatment in relation to alternative treatments, including generic products; |
| |
• | the extent to which the product is approved for inclusion on formularies of hospitals and managed care organizations; and |
| |
• | the conditions for reimbursement required by, and the availability of reimbursement from |