Document
 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549
 
Form 10-Q
 (Mark One)
 
x      QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018
 
OR
 
o         TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM                   TO                   .
 
Commission file number 001-14775
 

 DMC GLOBAL INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Delaware
 
84-0608431
(State of Incorporation or Organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 5405 Spine Road, Boulder, Colorado 80301
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
 
(303) 665-5700
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant:  (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  x  No  o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes  x  No  o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 
Large accelerated filer o
 
Accelerated filer x
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer o
(Do not check if smaller reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company o
 
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Act).  Yes  o  No x
 
The number of shares of Common Stock outstanding was 14,875,223 as of April 26, 2018.
 

CAUTIONARY NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. We intend the forward-looking statements throughout this quarterly report on Form 10-Q to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements. Statements contained in this report which are not historical facts are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from projected results. These statements can sometimes be identified by our use of forward-looking words such as “may,” “believe,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” and other phrases of similar meaning. Such statements include projections, guidance and other statements regarding our expected financial position and operating results, the expected impacts of new accounting standards and the timing of our implementation thereof, our business strategy, expectations regarding NobelClad's end markets and activity levels, comments regarding expanding demand for DynaEnergetics' products, particularly DynaSelectTM and DynaStageTM, expected expansion plans in Blum, Texas, Troisdorf, Germany and Mt. Braddock, Pennsylvania, the expected amounts of AD/CVD penalties to be assessed, our liquidity position and factors impacting such position, including expectations regarding legal costs, and the outcome of pending regulatory matters and patent litigation. The forward-looking information is based on information available as of the date of this quarterly report and on numerous assumptions and developments that are not within our control. Although we believe that our expectations as expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that our expectations will turn out to be correct. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include, but are not limited to, those factors referenced in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and such things as the following: changes in global economic conditions; the ability to obtain new contracts at attractive prices; the size and timing of customer orders and shipments; product pricing and margins; our ability to realize sales from our backlog; fluctuations in customer demand; fluctuations in foreign currencies; competitive factors; the timely completion of contracts; the timing and size of expenditures; the timely receipt of government approvals and permits; the price and availability of metal and other raw material; the adequacy of local labor supplies at our facilities; current or future limits on manufacturing capacity at our various operations; our ability to complete our expansion plans on schedule and on budget; our ability to successfully integrate acquired businesses; the impact of pending or future litigation or regulatory matters; the availability and cost of funds; and general economic conditions, both domestic and foreign, impacting our business and the business of the end-market users we serve. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s analysis only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.



INDEX
 
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Part I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.  Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

DMC GLOBAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts in Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

 
March 31,
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
(unaudited)
 
 
ASSETS
 

 
 

CURRENT ASSETS:
 

 
 

Cash and cash equivalents
$
10,768

 
$
8,983

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,269 and $1,088, respectively
57,201

 
49,468

Inventory, net
46,458

 
35,742

Prepaid expenses and other
10,764

 
5,763

 
 
 
 
Total current assets
125,191

 
99,956

 
 
 
 
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
124,577

 
121,339

Less - accumulated depreciation
(63,621
)
 
(61,467
)
 
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment, net
60,956

 
59,872

 
 
 
 
PURCHASED INTANGIBLE ASSETS, net
12,121

 
12,861

 
 
 
 
DEFERRED TAX ASSETS
—

 
98

 
 
 
 
OTHER ASSETS, net
151

 
296

 
 
 
 
TOTAL ASSETS
$
198,419

 
$
173,083

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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DMC GLOBAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts in Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)


 
March 31,
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
(unaudited)
 
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 

 
 

CURRENT LIABILITIES:
 

 
 

Accounts payable
$
22,901

 
$
19,826

Accrued expenses
9,964

 
6,884

Accrued anti-dumping duties and penalties
6,712

 
3,609

Dividend payable
295

 
295

Accrued income taxes
4,603

 
2,939

Accrued employee compensation and benefits
4,687

 
6,186

Contract liabilities
5,215

 
5,888

 
 
 
 
Total current liabilities
54,377

 
45,627

 
 
 
 
LINES OF CREDIT
29,350

 
17,984

 
 
 
 
DEFERRED TAX LIABILITIES
265

 
573

 
 
 
 
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
3,070

 
3,119

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
87,062

 
67,303

 
 
 
 
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES


 


 
 

 
 

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $0.05 par value; 4,000,000 shares authorized; no issued and outstanding shares
—

 
—

Common stock, $0.05 par value; 25,000,000 shares authorized; 14,876,190 and 14,782,018 shares outstanding, respectively
747

 
741

Additional paid-in capital
76,895

 
76,146

Retained earnings
63,634

 
60,074

Other cumulative comprehensive loss
(29,214
)
 
(30,819
)
Treasury stock, at cost; 72,104 and 39,783 shares, respectively
(705
)
 
(362
)
 
 
 
 
Total stockholders’ equity
111,357

 
105,780

 
 
 
 
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
$
198,419

 
$
173,083


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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DMC GLOBAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Amounts in Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(unaudited)


 
Three months ended March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
NET SALES
$
67,313

 
$
38,962

COST OF PRODUCTS SOLD
44,560

 
28,596

Gross profit
22,753

 
10,366

COSTS AND EXPENSES:
 

 
 

General and administrative expenses
8,177

 
7,206

Selling and distribution expenses
5,212

 
4,482

Amortization of purchased intangible assets
805

 
984

Restructuring expenses
144

 
—

Anti-dumping duty penalties
3,103

 
—

Total costs and expenses
17,441

 
12,672

OPERATING INCOME (LOSS)
5,312

 
(2,306
)
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):
 

 
 

Other income (expense), net
(377
)
 
421

Interest expense
(466
)
 
(506
)
Interest income
1

 
1

INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES
4,470

 
(2,390
)
INCOME TAX PROVISION
550

 
630

NET INCOME (LOSS)
$
3,920

 
$
(3,020
)
 
 
 
 
INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
 

 
 

Basic
$
0.26

 
$
(0.21
)
Diluted
$
0.26

 
$
(0.21
)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHARES OUTSTANDING:
 

 
 

Basic
14,449,915

 
14,270,365

Diluted
14,449,915

 
14,270,365

 
 
 
 
DIVIDENDS DECLARED PER COMMON SHARE
$
0.02

 
$
0.02

 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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DMC GLOBAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Amounts in Thousands)
(unaudited)


 
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
Net income (loss)
$
3,920

 
$
(3,020
)
 
 
 
 
Change in cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment
1,605

 
1,818

 
 
 
 
Total comprehensive income (loss)
$
5,525

 
$
(1,202
)
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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DMC GLOBAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Data)
(unaudited)


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Additional
 
 
 
Cumulative
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stock
 
Paid-In
 
Retained
 
Comprehensive
 
Treasury Stock
 
 
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Capital
 
Earnings
 
Loss
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Total
Balances, December 31, 2017
14,821,801

 
$
741

 
$
76,146

 
$
60,074

 
$
(30,819
)
 
(39,783
)
 
$
(362
)
 
$
105,780

Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
3,920

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3,920

Change in cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,605

 
—

 
—

 
1,605

Shares issued in connection with stock compensation plans
126,493

 
6

 
(6
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Adjustment for cumulative effect from change in accounting principle (ASU 2016-16)
—

 
—

 
—

 
(65
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(65
)
Stock-based compensation
—

 
—

 
755

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
755

Dividends declared
—

 
—

 
—

 
(295
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(295
)
Treasury stock purchases
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(32,321
)
 
(343
)
 
(343
)
Balances, March 31, 2018
14,948,294

 
$
747

 
$
76,895

 
$
63,634

 
$
(29,214
)
 
(72,104
)
 
$
(705
)
 
$
111,357

 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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DMC GLOBAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts in Thousands)
(unaudited)


 
Three months ended March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
CASH FLOWS USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
 

 
 

Net income (loss)
$
3,920

 
$
(3,020
)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities:
 

 
 

Depreciation (including capital lease amortization)
1,570

 
1,681

Amortization of purchased intangible assets
805

 
984

Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs
190

 
299

Stock-based compensation
708

 
571

Deferred income tax
(308
)
 
346

Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment
—

 
3

Restructuring expenses
144

 
—

Transition tax liability
(268
)
 
—

Change in:
 

 
 

Accounts receivable, net
(7,360
)
 
(312
)
Inventory, net
(10,404
)
 
(1,792
)
Prepaid expenses and other
(1,455
)
 
(1,041
)
Accounts payable
3,767

 
626

Contract liabilities
(700
)
 
(453
)
Accrued anti-dumping duties and penalties
3,128

 
(3,003
)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
3,285

 
(75
)
Net cash used in operating activities
(2,978
)
 
(5,186
)
 
 
 
 
CASH FLOWS USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
 

 
 

Acquisition of property, plant and equipment
(5,302
)
 
(1,649
)
Proceeds on sale of property, plant and equipment
—

 
2

Net cash used in investing activities
(5,302
)
 
(1,647
)
 
 
 
 
CASH FLOWS PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
 

 
 

Borrowings on bank lines of credit, net
11,176

 
6,000

Payment of dividends
(295
)
 
(290
)
Payment of deferred debt issuance costs
—

 
(106
)
Treasury stock purchases
(343
)
 
(222
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
10,538

 
5,382

 
 
 
 
EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE RATES ON CASH
(473
)
 
88

 
 
 
 
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
1,785

 
(1,363
)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of the period
8,983

 
6,419

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of the period
$
10,768

 
$
5,056


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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DMC GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(unaudited)
 
1.      BASIS OF PRESENTATION
 
The information included in the condensed consolidated financial statements is unaudited but includes all normal and recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the interim periods presented. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements that are included in our Annual Report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

2.      SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Principles of Consolidation
 
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of DMC Global Inc. ("DMC", "we", "us", "our", or the "Company) and its controlled subsidiaries. Only subsidiaries in which controlling interests are maintained are consolidated. All significant intercompany accounts, profits, and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Income Taxes

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future income tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Any effects of changes in income tax rates or tax laws are included in the provision for income taxes in the period of enactment. The deferred income tax impact of tax credits are recognized as an immediate adjustment to income tax expense. We recognize deferred tax assets for the expected future effects of all deductible temporary differences to the extent we believe these assets will more likely than not be realized. We record a valuation allowance when, based on current circumstances, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In making such determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies, recent financial operations and their associated valuation allowances, if any.

We recognize the tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits of the position; the tax position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of any related appeals or litigation. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured as the largest benefit that is more likely than not of being realized upon ultimate resolution. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in operating expense.

Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted a new accounting standard, as amended, regarding revenue from contracts with customers using the modified retrospective approach, which was applied to all contracts with customers. Under the new standard, an entity is required to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

There was no cumulative financial statement effect of initially applying the new revenue standard because an analysis of our contracts supported the recognition of revenue consistent with our historical approach. In accordance with the modified retrospective approach, the comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The Company does not expect the adoption of the new revenue standard to have a material impact to the Company’s revenues or net income on an ongoing basis.

The Company’s revenues are primarily derived from consideration paid by customers for tangible goods. The Company analyzes its different goods and services by segment to determine the appropriate basis for revenue recognition, as described below. Revenue is not generated from sources other than contracts with customers and revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. There are no material upfront costs for operations that are incurred from contracts with customers. On occasion, NobelClad and DynaEnergetics may require customers to make advance payments prior to the shipment of goods. We record such payments as contract liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Please refer to Note 5 “Contract Liabilities” for further information.


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Our rights to payments for goods transferred to customers are conditional only on the passage of time and not on any other criteria. Payment terms and conditions vary by contract, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 to 60 days. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, we have determined that our contracts do not include a significant financing component given the short duration between order initiation and order fulfillment within each of our segments. Refer to Note 8 “Business Segments” for additional disaggregated revenue disclosures.

NobelClad

Customers agree to terms and conditions at the time of initiating an order. The significant majority of transactions contain a single performance obligation - the delivery of a clad metal product. In instances where multiple products are included within an order, each product represents a separate performance obligation given that: (1) the customer can benefit from each product on a standalone basis and (2) each product is distinct within the context of the contract.

The transaction price is readily determinable and fixed at the time the transaction is entered into with the customer. NobelClad is entitled to each product’s transaction price upon the customer obtaining control of the item. Such control occurs as of a point in time, which is generally based upon relevant International Commercial Terms ("Incoterms") as it relates to product ownership and legal title being transferred. Upon fulfillment of applicable Incoterms, NobelClad has performed its contractual requirements such that it has a present right to payment, and the customer from that point forward bears all risks and rewards of ownership. In addition, at this date, the customer has the ability to direct the use of, or restrict the access to, the asset. No payment discounts, rebates, refunds, or any other forms of variable consideration are included within its contracts. NobelClad also does not provide service-type warranties either via written agreement or customary business practice, nor does it allow customer returns.

For contracts that contain only one performance obligation, the total transaction price is allocated to the sole performance obligation. For less frequent contracts which contain multiple distinct performance obligations, judgment is required to determine the standalone selling price ("SSP") for each performance obligation. NobelClad uses the expected cost plus margin approach in order to estimate SSP, whereby an entity forecasts its expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and then adds an appropriate margin for that good or service. The required judgment described herein largely is mitigated given the short duration between order initiation and complete order fulfillment.

DynaEnergetics

Customers agree to terms and conditions at the time of initiating an order. Transactions contain standard products, which may include perforating system components, such as detonating cord, or systems and associated hardware, including factory-assembled DynaStage® perforating systems and DynaSelect® detonators. In instances where multiple products are included within an order, each product represents a separate performance obligation given that: (1) the customer can benefit from each product on a standalone basis and (2) each product is distinct within the context of the contract.

The transaction price is readily determinable and fixed at the time the transaction is entered into with the customer. DynaEnergetics is entitled to each product’s transaction price upon the customer obtaining control of the item. Such control occurs as of a point in time, which is generally based upon relevant Incoterms as it relates to product ownership and legal title being transferred. Upon fulfillment of applicable Incoterms, DynaEnergetics has performed its contractual requirements such that it has a present right to payment, and the customer from that point forward bears all risks and rewards of ownership. In addition, at this date, the customer has the ability to direct the use of, or restrict the access to, the asset. No payment discounts, rebates, refunds, or any other forms of variable consideration are included within contracts. DynaEnergetics also does not provide service-type warranties either via written agreement or customary business practice, nor does it allow customer returns without its prior approval.

For orders that contain only one performance obligation, the total transaction price is allocated to the sole performance obligation. For orders that contain multiple products being purchased by the customer, judgment is required to determine SSP for each distinct performance obligation. However, such judgment largely is mitigated given that products purchased are generally shipped at the same time. In instances where products purchased are not shipped at the same time, DynaEnergetics uses the contractually stated price to determine SSP as this price approximates the price of each good as sold separately.

Earnings Per Share

The Company computes earnings per share ("EPS") using a two-class method, which is an earnings allocation formula that determines EPS for (i) each class of common stock (the Company has a single class of common stock), and (ii)

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participating securities according to dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Restricted stock awards are considered participating securities as they received non-forfeitable rights to dividends as common stock.

Basic EPS is then calculated by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders of the Company by the weighted‑average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS adjusts basic EPS for the effects of restricted stock awards, performance share units and other potentially dilutive financial instruments (dilutive securities), only in the periods in which such effect is dilutive. The effect of the dilutive securities is reflected in diluted EPS by application of the more dilutive of (1) the treasury stock method or (2) the two-class method assuming nonvested shares are not converted into common shares.

 
Three months ended March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
Net income (loss) as reported
3,920

 
(3,020
)
Less: Distributed net income available to participating securities
(8
)
 
—

Less: Undistributed net income available to participating securities
(94
)
 
—

Numerator for basic net income per share:
3,818

 
(3,020
)
Add: Undistributed net income allocated to participating securities
94

 
—

Less: Undistributed net income reallocated to participating securities
(94
)
 
—

Numerator for diluted net income per share:
3,818

 
(3,020
)
Denominator:
 
 
 
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic net income per share
14,449,915

 
14,270,365

Effect of dilutive securities
—

 
—

Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted net income per share
14,449,915

 
14,270,365

Net income (loss) per share:
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.26

 
$
(0.21
)
Diluted
$
0.26

 
$
(0.21
)

Because we were in a net loss position for the three months ended March 31, 2017, potentially dilutive shares of 183,083 are anti-dilutive and are excluded from the determination of diluted EPS.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We are required to use an established hierarchy for fair value measurements based upon the inputs to the valuation and the degree to which they are observable or not observable in the market. The three levels in the hierarchy are as follows:                   

•
Level 1 — Inputs to the valuation based upon quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that are accessible as of the measurement date.

•
Level 2 — Inputs to the valuation include quoted prices in either markets that are not active, or in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.

•
Level 3 — Inputs to the valuation that are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. The highest priority is assigned to Level 1 inputs and the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable and payables, accrued expenses and lines of credit approximate their fair value.

Our foreign currency forward contracts are determined using a yield curve model based on quoted market prices. As a result, these investments have been classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

We did not did not hold any Level 3 assets or liabilities as of March 31, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

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Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In October 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-16 which removes the prohibition against the immediate recognition of the current and deferred income tax effects of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. This ASU is effective for public business entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and the Company adopted this ASU in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption of this ASU resulted in a reduction to January 1, 2018 "Retained earnings" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet of $65 and eliminated a $65 prepaid income tax recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2017.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07 to improve the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost within an entity's financial statements. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. The Company adopted this ASU in the first quarter of 2018. The Company records its annual adjustment to its defined benefit pension obligation based upon actuarial calculations performed during the fourth quarter. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
In February 2016, the FASB issued an ASU which amends the existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets and making targeted changes to lessor accounting. This ASU will be effective beginning in the first quarter of 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The new leases standard requires a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to use certain transition relief. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

3.      INVENTORIES
 
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value. Significant cost elements included in inventory are material, labor, freight, subcontract costs, and manufacturing overhead. As necessary, we record provisions and maintain reserves for excess, slow moving and obsolete inventory. To determine reserve amounts, we regularly review inventory quantities on hand and values, and compare them to estimates of future product demand, market conditions, production requirements and technological developments.

Inventories consist of the following at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and include reserves of $2,865 and $3,068, respectively:

 
March 31,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Raw materials
$
21,773

 
$
16,255

Work-in-process
7,678

 
6,120

Finished goods
16,703

 
13,049

Supplies
304

 
318

 
 
 
 
 
$
46,458

 
$
35,742


4.      PURCHASED INTANGIBLE ASSETS
 
The following table presents details of our purchased intangible assets as of March 31, 2018:

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Gross
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Core technology
$
20,498

 
$
(10,863
)
 
$
9,635

Customer relationships
39,833

 
(37,347
)
 
2,486

Trademarks / Trade names
2,247

 
(2,247
)
 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total intangible assets
$
62,578

 
$
(50,457
)
 
$
12,121

 
The following table presents details of our purchased intangible assets, other than goodwill, as of December 31, 2017:
 
Gross
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Core technology
$
20,027

 
$
(10,333
)
 
$
9,694

Customer relationships
39,244

 
(36,077
)
 
3,167

Trademarks / Trade names
2,149

 
(2,149
)
 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total intangible assets
$
61,420

 
$
(48,559
)
 
$
12,861

 
The change in the gross value of our purchased intangible assets from December 31, 2017 to March 31, 2018 was due to foreign currency translation and an adjustment due to recognition of tax benefit of tax amortization previously applied to certain goodwill related to the NobelClad and DynaEnergetics reporting units. After the goodwill was written off at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2015, respectively, the tax amortization reduces other noncurrent intangible assets related to the historical acquisition.

5.      CONTRACT LIABILITIES
 
On occasion, we require customers to make advance payments prior to the shipment of goods in order to help finance our inventory investment on large orders or to keep customers’ credit limits at acceptable levels. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, contract liabilities (previously known as customer advances) were as follows:

 
March 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
NobelClad
5,121

 
5,804

DynaEnergetics
94

 
84

 
 
 
 
Total
$
5,215


$
5,888


We expect to recognize the revenue associated with contract liabilities over a time period no longer than one year. Of the $5,888 recorded as contract liabilities at December 31, 2017, $1,700 was recorded to net sales during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

6.      DEBT
 
Lines of credit consisted of the following at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
 

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March 31,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Syndicated credit agreement:
 

 
 

U.S. Dollar revolving loan
$
26,655

 
$
18,250

Alternative currency revolving loan
—

 
—

Capital expenditure loan
3,278

 
—

German bank line of credit
—

 
—

 
29,933

 
18,250

Less current portion
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
Long-term lines of credit
29,933

 
18,250

Less: debt issuance costs
583

 
266

Lines of credit
$
29,350

 
$
17,984


Syndicated Credit Agreement

On March 8, 2018, we entered into a five-year $75,000 syndicated credit agreement (“credit facility”) which replaced in its entirety our prior syndicated credit facility entered into on February 23, 2015. The new credit facility allows for revolving loans of up to $50,000 with a $20,000 US dollar equivalent sublimit for alternative currency loans. In addition, the new agreement provides for a $25,000 Capital Expenditure Facility (“Capex Facility") which is to be used to finance our DynaEnergetics manufacturing expansion project in Blum, Texas. The Capex facility allows for advances to fund capital expenditures of the Blum expansion project during year one of the credit facility. At the end of year one, the Capex Facility will convert to a term loan which will be amortizable at 12.5% of principal per year with a balloon payment for the outstanding balance upon the credit facility maturity date in year five. The new facility has a $100,000 accordion feature to increase the commitments under the revolving loan class and/or by adding a term loan subject to approval by applicable lenders. We entered into the credit facility with a syndicate of three banks, with KeyBank, N.A. acting as administrative agent. The syndicated credit facility is secured by the assets of DMC including accounts receivable, inventory, and fixed assets, as well as guarantees and share pledges by DMC and its subsidiaries.
Borrowings under the $50,000 revolving loan and $25,000 Capex Facility can be in the form of one, two, three, or six month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) loans. Additionally, US dollar borrowings on the revolving loan can be in the form of Base Rate loans (Base Rate borrowings are based on the greater of the administrative agent’s Prime rates, an adjusted Federal Funds rates or an adjusted LIBOR rate). LIBOR loans bear interest at the applicable LIBOR rate plus an applicable margin (varying from 1.50% to 3.00%). Base Rate loans bear interest at the defined Base rate plus an applicable margin (varying from 0.50% to 2.00%). All borrowing and repayments under the credit facility have been in the form of one month loans and are reported on a net basis in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Borrowings under the $20,000 alternate currency sublimit can be in euros, Canadian dollars, pounds sterling, and in any other currency acceptable to the administrative agent. Alternative currency borrowings denominated in euros, pounds sterling, and any other currency that is dealt with on the London Interbank Deposit Market shall be comprised of LIBOR loans and bear interest at the LIBOR rate plus an applicable margin (varying from 1.50% to 3.00%).
 
The credit facility includes various covenants and restrictions, certain of which relate to the payment of dividends or other distributions to stockholders; redemption of capital stock; incurrence of additional indebtedness; mortgaging, pledging or disposition of major assets; and maintenance of specified ratios. As of March 31, 2018, we were in compliance with all financial covenants and other provisions of our debt agreements.

We also maintain a line of credit with a German bank for certain European operations. This line of credit provides a borrowing capacity of €4,000, of which €2,783 is available as of March 31, 2018 after considering outstanding letters of credit.

Included in lines of credit are deferred debt issuance costs of $583 and $266 as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Upon entering into the credit facility, we wrote off $159 of previously deferred debt issuance costs and incurred $507 of additional costs. Debt issuance costs incurred with the credit facility were paid directly by the administrative agent and increased outstanding amounts under U.S. dollar revolving loans. Remaining deferred debt issuance costs are being amortized over the remaining term of the credit facility which expires on March 8, 2023.


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As of December 31, 2017, we had a $35,000 credit facility that allowed for revolving loans of $30,000 in U.S. dollars and $5,000 in alternative currencies as well as a $25,000 accordion feature to increase the commitments in any of the loan classes subject to approval by applicable lenders.

7.    INCOME TAXES

The effective tax rate for each of the periods reported differs from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to variation in contribution to consolidated pre-tax income from each jurisdiction for the respective periods, differences between the U.S. and foreign tax rates (which range from 20% to 34%) on earnings that have been permanently reinvested and changes to valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets.
    
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("TCJA") was enacted in December 2017. Among other things, the TCJA reduced the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% beginning in 2018, required companies to pay a one-time transition tax on previously unremitted earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred, and created new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 118, which provided guidance on accounting for enactment effects of the TCJA. SAB 118 provided a measurement period of up to one year from the TCJA’s enactment date for companies to complete their accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118, to the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the TCJA is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in its financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in its financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the TCJA.
 
In connection with our initial analysis of the impact of the enactment of the TCJA, the Company recorded net tax expense of $946 in the fourth quarter of 2017. In response to additional guidance received from the Internal Revenue Service, the Company recorded net tax benefit of $268 in the first quarter of 2018, reducing the provisional liability to $678. For various reasons that are discussed more fully below, including the issuance of additional technical and interpretive guidance, we have not completed accounting for the income tax effects of certain elements of the TCJA. However, we were able to make reasonable estimates of the TCJA’s effects and, as such, recorded provisional amounts related to the transition tax and the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities.

The transition tax is a tax on previously untaxed accumulated and current earnings and profits (E&P) of certain of the Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries. To determine the amount of the transition tax, we must determine, in addition to other factors, the amount of post-1986 E&P of the relevant subsidiaries, as well as the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid on such earnings. E&P is similar to retained earnings of the subsidiary, but requires other adjustments to conform to U.S. tax rules. Further, the transition tax is based in part on the amount of those earnings held in cash and other specified assets. We were able to make a reasonable estimate of the transition tax and recorded a provisional obligation and additional income tax expense of $946 in the fourth quarter of 2017, which was reduced to $678 in the first quarter of 2018. The Company expects to elect to pay this liability over eight years. As of March 31, 2018, we reflected $75 and $603 in current accrued income taxes and other long term liabilities, respectively. However, the Company is continuing to gather additional information and will consider additional technical guidance to more precisely compute and account for the amount of the transition tax in the measurement period. This amount may change when we finalize the calculation of post-1986 foreign E&P previously deferred from U.S. federal taxation, finalize the calculation of non-U.S. income taxes paid on such earnings, and finalize our determination on the impact of the deemed repatriation of foreign earnings on 2017 taxable income.

In addition to the transition tax, the TCJA introduced a territorial tax system, which will be effective beginning in 2018. The territorial tax system may impact the Company’s overall global capital and legal entity structure, working capital, and repatriation plan on a go-forward basis. In light of the territorial tax system, and other new international provisions within the TCJA that are effective beginning in 2018, the Company is currently analyzing its global capital and legal entity structure, working capital requirements, and repatriation plans. We have not completed our full analysis with respect to the impact of the TCJA on our indefinite reinvestment assertion, and we are not yet able to make reasonable estimates of its related effects. Therefore, no provisional adjustments relative to the territorial tax system and our indefinite reinvestment assertion were recorded. Further, it is impracticable for the Company to estimate any future tax costs for any unrecognized deferred tax liabilities associated with its indefinite reinvestment assertion as of December 31, 2017 or March 31, 2018, because the actual tax liability, if any, would be dependent on complex analysis and calculations considering various tax laws, exchange rates, circumstances existing when a repatriation, sale, or liquidation occurs, or other factors. If there are any changes to our indefinite reinvestment assertion as a result of finalizing our assessment of the TCJA, the Company will adjust its provisional estimates, record, and disclose any tax impacts in the appropriate period, pursuant to SAB 118.


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We remeasured certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, which is generally 21% under the TCJA. As our U.S. deferred tax assets are fully offset by a valuation allowance, there was no net additional tax impact related to deferred tax assets and liabilities recognized in the fourth quarter of 2017. We are still analyzing certain aspects of the TCJA, considering additional technical guidance, and refining our calculations, which could potentially affect the measurement of these balances or potentially give rise to new deferred tax amounts. This includes, but is not limited to, the impacts of changes to Code Section 162(m) on our deferred tax assets related to compensation, and the potential impacts of the global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) provision within the TCJA on deferred tax assets and liabilities.

We have not completed our full analysis with respect to the GILTI provision within the TCJA, and we are not yet able to make reasonable estimates of its related effects. Therefore, no provisional adjustments relative to GILTI were recorded. Currently, we have not yet elected a policy as to whether we will recognize deferred taxes for basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI or whether we will account for GILTI as period costs if and when incurred. The Company is currently evaluating other elements of the TCJA for which the Company was not yet able to make reasonable estimates of the enactment impact and for which it would continue accounting for them in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of the tax laws in effect before the TCJA.

8.      BUSINESS SEGMENTS
 
Our business is organized into two segments: NobelClad and DynaEnergetics. NobelClad is a global leader in the production of explosion-welded clad metal plates for use in the construction of corrosion resistant industrial processing equipment and specialized transition joints. DynaEnergetics designs, manufactures and distributes products utilized by the global oil and gas industry principally for the perforation of oil and gas wells.
Our reportable segments are separately managed strategic business units that offer different products and services. Each segment’s products are marketed to different customer types and require different manufacturing processes and technologies.
Segment information is presented for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 as follows:
 
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
Net sales:
 
 
 
NobelClad
$
18,192

 
$
16,934

DynaEnergetics
49,121

 
22,028

 
 
 
 
Consolidated net sales
$
67,313

 
$
38,962



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Three months ended March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
Operating income (loss)
 
 
 
NobelClad
$
(12
)
 
$
395

DynaEnergetics
8,720

 
40

 
 
 
 
Segment operating income
8,708

 
435

 
 
 
 
Unallocated corporate expenses
(2,688
)
 
(2,170
)
Stock-based compensation
(708
)
 
(571
)
Other income (expense), net
(377
)
 
421

Interest expense
(466
)
 
(506
)
Interest income
1

 
1

 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before income taxes
$
4,470

 
$
(2,390
)

 
Three months ended March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
Depreciation and amortization:
 
 
 
NobelClad
$
816

 
$
989

DynaEnergetics
1,559

 
1,676

 
 
 
 
Segment depreciation and amortization
$
2,375

 
$
2,665


The disaggregation of revenue earned from contracts with customers based on the geographic location of the customer is as follows. Revenues that would have been reported under previous accounting guidance would not have been materially different from the amounts shown below.
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
United States
5,706

 
5,979

Canada
1,794

 
2,666

United Arab Emirates
131

 
357

France
951

 
571

South Korea
1,003

 
448

Germany
1,613

 
2,031

Oman
161

 
1,172

India
770

 
208

Spain
168

 
222

China
3,458

 
40

Italy
205

 
536

Sweden
138

 
430

Rest of the world
2,094

 
2,274

 
 
 
 
Total NobelClad
$
18,192

 
$
16,934



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Three months ended March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
United States
36,130

 
14,446

Canada
5,785

 
2,779

United Arab Emirates
523

 
22

France
52

 
35

Oman
682

 
113

Germany
28

 
37

Russia
1,282

 
929

India
635

 
823

Egypt
542

 
321

Romania
244

 
263

Italy
—

 
24

Hong Kong
—

 
457

Rest of the world
3,218

 
1,779

 
 
 
 
Total DynaEnergetics
$
49,121

 
$
22,028


During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, no one customer accounted for more than 10% of total net sales. 
 
9.      DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

We are exposed to foreign currency exchange risk resulting from fluctuations in exchange rates, primarily the U.S. dollar to euro, the U.S. dollar to Canadian dollar, the euro to the Russian ruble, and, to a lesser extent, other currencies, arising from inter-company and third party transactions entered into by our subsidiaries that are denominated in currencies other than their functional currency. Changes in exchange rates with respect to these transactions result in unrealized gains or losses if such transactions are unsettled at the end of the reporting period or realized gains or losses at settlement of the transaction. We use foreign currency forward contracts to offset foreign exchange rate fluctuations on foreign currency denominated asset and liability positions. None of these contracts are designated as accounting hedges, and all changes in the fair value of the forward contracts are recognized in "Other income (expense), net" within our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

We execute derivatives with a specialized foreign exchange brokerage firm. The primary credit risk inherent in derivative agreements represents the possibility that a loss may occur from the nonperformance of a counterparty to the agreements. We perform a review of the credit risk of our counterparties at the inception of the contract and on an ongoing basis. We anticipate that our counterparties will be able to fully satisfy their obligations under the agreements but will take action if doubt arises regarding the counterparties' ability to perform.

As of March 31, 2018, the notional amounts of the forward contracts the Company held to purchase currencies were $5,563, and the notional amounts of forward contracts the Company held to sell currencies were $7,398. The fair values of outstanding foreign currency forward contracts were approximately $11 (recorded in accrued expenses) at March 31, 2018.

The following table presents the location and amount of net gains from hedging activities for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

 
 
 
 
Three months ended March 31,
Derivatives
 
Income Statement Location
 
2018
 
2017
Foreign currency contracts
 
Other income (expense), net
 
$
208

 
$
—

Total gain
 
 
 
$
208

 
$
—


10.   COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Contingent Liabilities


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The Company records an accrual for contingent liabilities when a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable. If some amount within a range of loss appears to be a better estimate than any other amount within the range, that amount is accrued. When no amount within a range of loss appears to be a better estimate than any other amount, the lowest amount in the range is accrued.

Anti-dumping and Countervailing Duties

In June 2015, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“U.S. Customs”) sent us a Notice of Action that proposed to classify certain of our imports as subject to anti-dumping duties pursuant to a 2010 anti-dumping duty (“AD”) order on Oil Country Tubular Goods (“OCTG”) from China. A companion countervailing duty (“CVD”) order on the same product is in effect as well. The Notice of Action covered one entry of certain raw material steel mechanical tubing made in China and imported into the U.S. from Canada by our DynaEnergetics segment during 2015 for use in manufacturing perforating guns.

In July 2015, we sent a response to U.S. Customs outlining the reasons our mechanical tubing imports do not fall within the scope of the AD order on OCTG from China and should not be subject to anti-dumping duties. U.S. Customs proposed to take similar action with respect to other entries of this product and requested an approximately $1,100 cash deposit or bond for AD/CVD.

In August 2015, we posted the bond of approximately $1,100 to U.S. Customs. Subsequently, U.S. Customs declined to conclude on the Company's assertion that the mechanical tubing the Company has been importing is not within the scope of the AD order on OCTG from China. As a result, on September 25, 2015 the Company filed a request for a scope ruling with the U.S. Department of Commerce ("Commerce Department").

On February 15, 2016, the Company received the Commerce Department’s scope ruling, which determined certain imports, primarily used for gun carrier tubing, are included in the scope of the AD/CVD orders on OCTG from China and thus are subject to AD/CVD.

On March 11, 2016, the Company filed an appeal with the U.S. Court of International Trade (“CIT”) related to the Commerce Department’s scope ruling. On February 7, 2017, the CIT remanded the scope ruling to the Commerce Department to reconsider its determination. The Commerce Department filed its remand determination with the CIT on June 7, 2017 continuing to find that the Company's imports at issue are within the scope of the AD/CVD orders on OCTG from China. On March 16, 2018, the CIT issued its decision on the appeal and sustained the Commerce Department’s scope ruling. The Company does not intend to appeal this ruling.

On December 27, 2016, we received notice from U.S. Customs that it may pursue penalties against us related to the AD/CVD issue and demanding tender of alleged loss of AD/CVD in an amount of $3,049, which had previously been accrued for in our financial statements. We filed a response to the notice on February 6, 2017 asserting our position that any decision to pursue penalties would be premature in light of the Remand Order and that penalties would not be appropriate under the applicable legal standards. On February 16, 2017, we received notice that U.S. Customs was seeking penalties in the amount of $14,783. U.S. Customs also reasserted its demand for tender of alleged loss of AD/CVD in the amount of $3,049. We tendered $3,049 in AD amounts (“Tendered Amounts”) on March 6, 2017 into a suspense account pending ultimate resolution of the AD/CVD case. We submitted a petition for relief and mitigation of penalties on May 17, 2017 asserting our position that the amount of penalties asserted by U.S. Customs is unreasonable and subject to challenge on various grounds.

On March 27, 2018, we received notice from U.S. Customs Headquarters that it intends to move forward with its pursuit of penalties. The Company has initiated discussions with U.S. Customs Headquarters regarding the scope of penalties asserted and will have the opportunity to further present the arguments set forth in its petition for relief and mitigation of penalties. Based on these arguments and mitigation factors, the Company believes that the probable ultimate penalty amount will range between $3,103 and $12,410 based on the AD/CVD of $6,205 that were recorded in the fourth quarter of 2015. As no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the Company accrued the minimum amount in the range, $3,103.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recorded $25 of interest on its reserve for AD/CVD and $3,103 of potential penalties, bringing the total reserved amount related to AD/CVD and penalties as of March 31, 2018 to $6,712. The Tendered Amounts were applied to reduce the reserve, and we expect to pay the remainder of the AD/CVD when they are finally assessed by Customs. The Company will continue to incur legal costs and could also be subject to additional interest.
Patent and Trademark Infringement


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On July 1, 2016, GEODynamics, Inc., a US-based oil and gas perforating equipment manufacturer based in Fort Worth, Texas ("GEODynamics") filed a patent infringement action against DynaEnergetics US, Inc. (“DynaEnergetics”) in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (“District Court”) alleging infringement of US Patent No. 8,544,563 (the “563 patent”), also based on DynaEnergetics’ US sales of DPEX® shaped charges. DynaEnergetics denies validity and infringement of the 563 patent and has vigorously defended itself against this lawsuit. As part of that defense, on September 20, 2016, DynaEnergetics filed an Inter Parties Review (IPR) against the 563 patent at the U.S. Patent Trial and Appeal Board (“PTAB”), requesting invalidation of the 563 patent. On March 17, 2017, DynaEnergetics' IPR request was instituted by the PTAB, and on March 1, 2018, PTAB issued its decision in favor of DynaEnergetics, invalidating all challenged claims of the 563 patent. Trial on the 563 patent remains stayed at this time, and DynaEnergetics plans to file for dismissal of the District Court case at the appropriate time.

On April 28, 2017, GEODynamics filed a patent infringement action against DynaEnergetics in District Court alleging infringement of U.S. Patent No. 8,220,394 (the “394 patent”), based on DynaEnergetics' sales of its DPEX® and HaloFrac® shaped charges. DynaEnergetics denies validity and infringement of the 394 patent and plans to vigorously defend against this lawsuit. On August 28, 2017, DynaEnergetics filed an IPR against the 394 patent at the PTAB, requesting invalidation of the 394 patent. On March 8, 2018, PTAB issued its decision in which institution of the IPR review was denied. DynaEnergetics will proceed to trial, which is expected to occur in October 2018.

On August 21, 2017, GEODynamics filed a patent infringement action against DynaEnergetics GmbH & Co. KG and DynaEnergetics Beteiligungs GmbH, both wholly owned subsidiaries of DMC (collectively, “DynaEnergetics EU”), in the Regional Court of Düsseldorf, Germany, alleging infringement of the German part DE 60 2004 033 297 of European patent EP 1 671 013 B1 granted on June 29, 2011, a patent related to the 394 patent (the “EP 013 patent”). This action is based on the manufacturing, sale and marketing of DPEX shaped charges in Germany. DynaEnergetics EU denies validity and infringement of the EP 013 patent and plans to vigorously defend against this lawsuit. DynaEnergetics EU filed its defense at the Regional Court of Düsseldorf and a nullity action against EP 013 at the German Federal Patent Court on February 14, 2018. A trial in the infringement proceedings is not yet scheduled but expected in the fourth quarter of 2018, and a trial in the nullity action is not expected before late 2019.

On September 27, 2017, DynaEnergetics GmbH & Co. KG filed a revocation action in the Patents Court, Shorter Trials Scheme in the UK against GEODynamics, asserting that the EP 013 patent, as maintained in the UK, is invalid. GEODynamics filed its defense and a counterclaim alleging infringement of the EP 013 patent in November 2017 based on sales and marketing of DPEX® shaped charges in the UK. DynaEnergetics denies validity and infringement of the EP 013 patent and plans to vigorously challenge the EP 013 patent and defend against this lawsuit. Trial is currently expected to occur in October 2018.

We do not believe that the 563 patent, the 394 patent, the EP 013 patent or infringement claims based on the patents are valid, and we do not believe it is probable that we will incur a material loss on the 563 matter, the 394 matter or the EP 013 matter. However, if it is determined that the patents are valid and that DynaEnergetics or DynaEnergetics EU, as applicable, has infringed them, it is reasonably possible that our financial statements could be materially affected. We are not able to provide a reasonable estimate of the range of loss, and we have not accrued for any such losses. Such an evaluation includes, among other things, a determination of the total number of infringing sales in the United States or infringing products manufactured in Germany, as applicable, what a reasonable royalty, if any, might be under the circumstances; or, alternatively, the scope of damages and the relevant period for which damages would apply, if any.

11.    RESTRUCTURING

During the fourth quarter of 2017, NobelClad announced plans to consolidate its European production facilities by closing manufacturing operations in France, which it expects to complete by the end of 2018. The proposed measures remain subject to consultation with the local workers council, in accordance with applicable French law, which is expected to be completed in April 2018. NobelClad plans to exit the Rivesaltes production facility, but will maintain its sales and administrative office in France. For the remainder of 2018, we expect to incur approximately $1,300 of restructuring expenses related to severance, equipment moving, legal fees, and contract termination costs.
Total restructuring and impairment charges incurred for these programs are as follows and are reported in the “Restructuring expenses” line item in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

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Three months ended March 31, 2018
 
Severance
 
Asset Impairment
 
Other Exit Costs
 
Total
NobelClad
$
53

 
$
—

 
$
91

 
$
144

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
$
53

 
$
—

 
$
91

 
$
144

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the changes to the restructuring liability associated with these programs is summarized below:
 
December 31, 2017
 
Expense
 
Payments and Other Adjustments
 
Currency Adjustments
 
March 31, 2018
Severance
$
2,568

 
$
53

 
$
(34
)
 
$
74

 
$
2,661

Other exit costs
10

 
91

 
(100
)
 
—

 
1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
$
2,578

 
$
144

 
$
(134
)
 
$
74

 
$
2,662


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ITEM 2.      Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our historical consolidated financial statements and notes, as well as the selected historical consolidated financial data that is included in our Annual Report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
 
Unless stated otherwise, all currency amounts are presented in thousands of U.S. dollars (000s).
 
Overview
 
General

DMC Global Inc. ("DMC"), operates two technical product and process business segments serving the energy, industrial and infrastructure markets. These segments, NobelClad and DynaEnergetics, operate globally through an international network of manufacturing, distribution and sales facilities. 
 Our diversified segments each provide a suite of unique technical products to niche sectors of the global energy, industrial and infrastructure markets, and each has established a strong or leading position in the markets in which it participates. With an underlying focus on free-cash flow generation, our objective is to sustain and grow the market share of our businesses through increased market penetration, development of new applications, and research and development of new and adjacent products that can be sold across our global network of sales and distribution facilities. We routinely explore acquisitions of related businesses that could strengthen or add to our existing product portfolios, or expand our geographic footprint and market presence. We also seek acquisition opportunities outside our current markets that would complement our existing businesses and enable us to build a stronger and more diverse company.
NobelClad

NobelClad is a global leader in the production of explosion-welded clad metal plates for use in the construction of corrosion resistant industrial processing equipment and specialized transition joints. While a significant portion of the demand for our clad metal products is driven by maintenance and retrofit projects at existing chemical processing, petrochemical processing, oil refining, and aluminum smelting facilities, new plant construction and large plant expansion projects also account for a significant portion of total demand. These industries tend to be cyclical in nature and timing of new order inflow remains difficult to predict. We use backlog as a primary means to measure the immediate outlook for our NobelClad business. We define “backlog” at any given point in time as all firm, unfulfilled purchase orders and commitments at that time. Most firm purchase orders and commitments are realized, and we expect to fill most backlog orders within the following 12 months. NobelClad's backlog decreased to $35,645 at March 31, 2018 from $37,529 at December 31, 2017.

Cost of products sold for NobelClad includes the cost of metals and alloys used to manufacture clad metal plates, the cost of explosives, employee compensation and benefits, freight, outside processing costs, depreciation of manufacturing facilities and equipment, manufacturing supplies and other manufacturing overhead expenses.

DynaEnergetics

DynaEnergetics designs, manufactures and distributes products utilized by the global oil and gas industry principally for the perforation of oil and gas wells. These products are sold to oilfield service companies in the U.S., Europe, Canada, South America, Africa, the Middle East, Russia, and Asia. DynaEnergetics also sells directly to end-users. The market for perforating products, which are used during the well completion process, generally corresponds with oil and gas exploration and production activity. Exploration activity over the last several years has led to increasingly complex well completion operations, which in turn, has increased the demand for high quality and technically advanced perforating products.

Cost of products sold for DynaEnergetics includes the cost of metals, explosives and other raw materials used to manufacture shaped charges, detonating products and perforating guns as well as employee compensation and benefits, depreciation of manufacturing facilities and equipment, manufacturing supplies and other manufacturing overhead expenses.

Factors Affecting Results

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the following factors most affected our financial performance:


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•
DynaEnergetics sales of $49,121 in the first quarter of 2018 increased 32% sequentially versus the fourth quarter of 2017 and 123% compared with the first quarter of 2017 primarily due to the impact of price increases, favorable product mix, higher activity levels in North America's unconventional onshore oil and gas well-completions sector and increasing customer demand for DynaEnergetics’ perforating products and systems.
•
NobelClad’s sales of $18,192 in the first quarter of 2018 increased 5% sequentially and 7% versus the first quarter of 2017 due to the initial shipments related to a large petrochemical project in Asia. 
•
Consolidated gross profit of 34% in the first quarter of 2018 improved from 33% in the fourth quarter of 2017 and 27% in the same period of 2017. The improvements primarily related to a higher proportion of DynaEnergetics sales relative to NobelClad sales, coupled with higher average selling prices, improved product mix, and the impact of higher volume on fixed manufacturing overhead expenses.
•
Consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses were $13,389 in the first quarter of 2018 compared with $11,688 in the first quarter of 2017. The increase primarily was due to higher salaries and higher wages from headcount additions.
•
DynaEnergetics recorded a $3,103 accrual in the first quarter of 2018 related to potential penalties on the anti-dumping and countervailing duties ("AD/CVD") recorded in the fourth quarter of 2015.
•
Net debt of $18,582 increased $9,581 from $9,001 at December 31, 2017. The increase in net debt from December 31, 2017 primarily was attributable to borrowing to fund working capital and for the construction of DynaEnergetics' 74,000 square foot manufacturing, assembly and administrative space on its manufacturing facility in Blum, Texas. Net debt is a non-GAAP measure calculated as amounts borrowed under lines of credit less cash and cash equivalents.

Business Outlook

•
To address the accelerating demand for its perforating systems, in December 2017, DynaEnergetics commenced construction of a new 74,000 square foot manufacturing, assembly and administrative space at its existing site in Blum, Texas. The facility, which is scheduled to open during the third quarter of 2018, will substantially increase DynaEnergetics' component manufacturing and DynaStage assembly capacity. During the first half of 2018, DynaEnergetics plans to add a second automated DynaSelect detonator line at its facility in Troisdorf, Germany. In the second half of 2018, the business plans to add a second automated shaped-charge manufacturing line at Blum, which will more than double its shaped charge production capacity in the U.S.
•
In January 2018, DynaEnergetics announced the implementation of a global price increase applicable to all products. The increase varies by product line and generally ranges from 5% to 8%. Well completion activity is accelerating across DynaEnergetics' global markets, and as customers work to keep pace with the recovery, the business' advanced products and systems are enabling improved efficiencies, greater reliability and lower operating costs. 
•
The recent decline in NobelClad’s core repair and maintenance orders from the downstream energy industry has continued in the first quarter of 2018. Despite that, fabricator customers expect improved demand for long-delayed repair, maintenance and upgrade work, although for U.S. fabricators, this may be negatively impacted by new tariff and quotas. It appears higher energy prices and renewed enthusiasm for domestic infrastructure spending may pull forward a number of these projects, which we believe may lead to a recovery in bookings activity during 2018. In October 2017, NobelClad received a $7.4 million purchase order related to a petrochemical project in Asia. This order is expected to ship entirely in the first half of 2018.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) measure that we believe provides an important indicator of our ongoing operating performance and that we use in operational and financial decision-making. We define EBITDA as net income plus or minus net interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA excludes from EBITDA stock-based compensation, restructuring and impairment charges and, when appropriate, other items that management does not utilize in assessing DMC’s operating performance (as further described in the tables below). As a result, internal management reports used during monthly operating reviews feature Adjusted EBITDA and certain management incentive awards are based, in part, on the amount of Adjusted EBITDA achieved during the year.

Net Debt is a non-GAAP measure we use to supplement information in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. We define net debt as lines of credit less cash and cash equivalents. In addition to conventional measures prepared in accordance with GAAP, the Company uses this information to evaluate its performance, and we believe that certain investors may do the same.

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The presence of non-GAAP financial measures in this report is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for, or superior to, DMC’s GAAP information, and investors are cautioned that the non-GAAP financial measures are limited in their usefulness. Because not all companies use identical calculations, DMC’s presentation of non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.


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Consolidated Results of Operations

Three months ended March 31, 2018 compared with three months ended March 31, 2017

 
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
$ change
 
% change
Net sales
 
$
67,313

 
$
38,962

 
$
28,351

 
73
 %
Gross profit
 
22,753

 
10,366

 
12,387

 
119
 %
Gross profit percentage
 
33.8
%
 
26.6
%
 
 
 
 
COSTS AND EXPENSES:
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
General and administrative expenses
 
8,177

 
7,206

 
971

 
13
 %
% of net sales
 
12.1
%
 
18.5
%
 
 
 
 
Selling and distribution expenses
 
5,212

 
4,482

 
730

 
16
 %
% of net sales
 
7.7
%
 
11.5
%
 
 
 
 
Amortization of purchased intangible assets
 
805

 
984

 
(179
)
 
(18
)%
% of net sales
 
1.2
%
 
2.5
%
 
 
 
 
Restructuring expenses
 
144

 
—

 
144

 
—
 %
Anti-dumping duty penalties
 
3,103

 
—

 
3,103

 
—
 %
Operating income (loss)
 
5,312

 
(2,306
)
 
7,618

 
330
 %
Other income (expense), net
 
(377
)
 
421

 
(798
)
 
(190
)%
Interest expense, net
 
(465
)
 
(505
)
 
40

 
8
 %
Income (loss) before income taxes
 
4,470

 
(2,390
)
 
6,860

 
287
 %
Income tax provision
 
550

 
630

 
(80
)
 
(13
)%
Net income (loss)
 
3,920

 
(3,020
)
 
6,940

 
230
 %
Adjusted EBITDA
 
$
11,642

 
$
930

 
$
10,712

 
1,152
 %

Net sales increased compared with 2017 primarily due to a 123% increase in DynaEnergetics' net sales fueled by higher market activity levels in North America’s unconventional onshore oil and gas well completions sector and increased customer demand for its advanced perforating products and systems.

Gross profit percentage increased primarily due to a higher proportion of net sales in DynaEnergetics relative to NobelClad and improved pricing and product mix in DynaEnergetics.

General and administrative expenses increased compared with 2017 primarily due to increased salaries and wages and higher stock-based compensation expense.

Selling and distribution increased compared with 2017 primarily due to higher salaries and wages.

Amortization of purchased intangibles decreased compared with 2017 primarily due to fully amortizing certain trademarks in DynaEnergetics as of December 31, 2017.

Restructuring expenses related primarily to legal fees and severance costs associated with the planned closure of NobelClad's manufacturing operations in France.

Anti-dumping duty penalties represent an accrual for potential penalties on AD/CVD recorded in the DynaEnergetics segment in the fourth quarter of 2015.

Operating income in 2018 compared to operating loss in 2017 primarily due to improved earnings in our DynaEnergetics segment.

Other income (expense), net in 2018 primarily relates to realized and unrealized foreign currency losses compared to realized and unrealized gains in 2017. Our subsidiaries frequently enter into inter-company and third party transactions that are

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denominated in currencies other than their functional currency. Changes in exchange rates with respect to these transactions will result in unrealized gains or losses if unsettled at the end of the reporting period or realized gains or losses at settlement of the transaction. During the third quarter of 2017, we began using foreign currency forward contracts, generally with maturities up to one month, to offset foreign exchange rate fluctuations on certain foreign currency denominated asset and liability positions. None of these contracts are designated as accounting hedges, and all changes in the fair value of the forward contracts are recognized immediately in "Other income (expense), net" within our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 
Interest income (expense), net decreased compared with 2017. We wrote off $159 of deferred debt issuance costs in the first quarter of 2018 versus $261 in the first quarter of 2017. The decrease was partially offset by higher interest rates on a larger average outstanding debt balance.

Income tax provision of $550 for the first quarter of 2018 on pretax income of $4,470. The effective rate was favorably impacted by discrete items recorded in the quarter, including a $122 benefit for vesting of restricted stock and a $268 adjustment to reduce the provisional Tax Cuts and Jobs Act transition tax amount originally recorded in the fourth quarter of 2017 due to new guidance issued by the Internal Revenue Service regarding the application of loss carryovers to the tax calculation. We recorded an income tax provision of $630 on a pretax loss of $2,390 for the first quarter of 2017. The tax expense in the first quarter of 2017 related to jurisdictions in which we generated pretax income, while tax benefits in jurisdictions in which we generated pretax losses were offset by valuation allowances.

Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was $3,920, or $0.26 per diluted share, compared with a net loss of $3,020, or $0.21 per diluted share, for the same period in 2017.

Adjusted EBITDA increased compared with 2017 primarily due to the factors discussed above. See "Overview" above for the explanation of the use of Adjusted EBITDA. The following is a reconciliation of the most directly comparable GAAP measure to Adjusted EBITDA.
 
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Net income (loss)
 
$
3,920

 
$
(3,020
)
Interest expense
 
466

 
506

Interest income
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Provision for income taxes
 
550

 
630

Depreciation
 
1,570

 
1,681

Amortization of purchased intangible assets
 
805

 
984

EBITDA
 
7,310

 
780

Restructuring expenses
 
144

 
—

Anti-dumping duty penalties
 
3,103

 
—

Stock-based compensation
 
708

 
571

Other (income) expense, net
 
377

 
(421
)
Adjusted EBITDA
 
$
11,642

 
$
930




Business Segment Financial Information

We primarily evaluate performance and allocate resources based on segment revenues, operating income and adjusted EBITDA as well as projected future performance. Segment operating income is defined as revenues less expenses identifiable to the segment. Segment operating income (loss) will reconcile to consolidated income (loss) before income taxes by deducting unallocated corporate expenses, including stock-based compensation, net other expense, net interest expense, and income tax provision.


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NobelClad

Three months ended March 31, 2018 compared with three months ended March 31, 2017
 
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
$ change
 
% change
Net sales
 
$
18,192

 
$
16,934

 
$
1,258

 
7
 %
Gross profit
 
3,192

 
3,263

 
(71
)
 
(2
)%
Gross profit percentage
 
17.5
%
 
19.3
%
 
 
 
 
COSTS AND EXPENSES:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General and administrative expenses
 
1,080

 
1,038

 
42

 
4
 %
Selling and distribution expenses
 
1,875

 
1,739

 
136

 
8
 %
Amortization of purchased intangible assets
 
105

 
91

 
14

 
15
 %
Restructuring expenses
 
144

 
—

 
144

 
—
 %
Operating income (loss)
 
(12
)
 
395

 
(407
)
 
(103
)%
Adjusted EBITDA
 
$
948

 
$
1,384

 
$
(436
)
 
(32
)%

Net sales increased compared with 2017 due to the partial shipment of a large project for the petrochemical industry in Asia during the first quarter of 2018.

Gross profit percentage decreased compared with 2017 primarily due to less favorable margins on the mix of projects in the current year.

General and administrative expenses increased compared with 2017 primarily due to higher salaries and benefits.

Selling and distribution expenses increased compared with 2017 primarily due to higher salaries and benefits as well as higher outside service costs.

Restructuring expenses primarily related to legal fees and severance costs associated with the planned closure of manufacturing operations in France.

Operating loss compared with operating income in the first three months of 2017 primarily was due to the unfavorable impact of lower margins on the mix of projects in the current year, higher selling and distribution expenses and restructuring expenses.

Adjusted EBITDA declined compared with 2017 primarily due to the factors discussed above. See "Overview" above for the explanation of the use of Adjusted EBITDA. The following is a reconciliation of the most directly comparable GAAP measure to Adjusted EBITDA.

 
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Operating income (loss)
 
$
(12
)
 
$
395

Adjustments:
 
 
 
 
Restructuring expenses
 
144

 
—

Depreciation
 
711

 
898

Amortization of purchased intangibles
 
105

 
91

Adjusted EBITDA
 
$
948

 
$
1,384



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DynaEnergetics

Three months ended March 31, 2018 compared with three months ended March 31, 2017
 
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
$ change
 
% change
Net sales
 
$
49,121

 
$
22,028

 
$
27,093

 
123
 %
Gross profit
 
19,627

 
7,162

 
12,465

 
174
 %
Gross profit percentage
 
40.0
%
 
32.5
%
 
 
 
 
COSTS AND EXPENSES:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General and administrative expenses
 
3,844

 
3,561

 
283

 
8
%
Selling and distribution expenses
 
3,260

 
2,668

 
592

 
22
 %
Amortization of purchased intangible assets
 
700

 
893

 
(193
)
 
(22
)%
Anti-dumping duty penalties
 
3,103

 
—

 
3,103

 
—
 %
Operating income
 
8,720

 
40

 
8,680

 
21,700
 %
Adjusted EBITDA
 
$
13,382

 
$
1,716

 
$
11,666

 
680
 %

Net sales were higher than in 2017 primarily due to higher average selling prices and increased sales volume from improved activity levels in North America’s unconventional onshore oil and gas well completions sector and increased customer demand for DynaEnergetics’ advanced perforating products and systems.

Gross profit percentage increased compared with 2017 due to improved product mix, higher average selling prices, and the favorable impact of higher volume on fixed overhead expenses.

General and administrative expenses increased compared with 2017 primarily due to higher salaries and employee benefits.

Selling and distribution expenses increased compared with 2017 primarily due to higher salaries and employee benefits.

Amortization of purchased intangibles decreased compared with 2017 primarily due to fully amortizing certain trademarks as of December 31, 2017.

Anti-dumping duty penalties represent an accrual for potential penalties owed on the anti-dumping and countervailing duties recorded in the DynaEnergetics segment in 2015.

Operating income was due to higher unit volume, favorable product mix and higher average selling prices, partially offset by accrued penalties on anti-dumping duties as well as increased general and administrative expenses and selling and distribution expenses.

Adjusted EBITDA increased compared with 2017 due to the factors discussed above. See "Overview" above for the explanation of the use of Adjusted EBITDA. The following is a reconciliation of the most directly comparable GAAP measure to Adjusted EBITDA.
 
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Operating income
 
$
8,720

 
$
40

Adjustments:
 
 
 
 
Anti-dumping duty penalties
 
3,103

 
—

Depreciation
 
859

 
783

Amortization of purchased intangibles
 
700

 
893

Adjusted EBITDA
 
$
13,382

 
$
1,716


Liquidity and Capital Resources
 

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We have historically financed our operations from a combination of internally generated cash flow, revolving credit borrowings, and various long-term debt arrangements. We believe that cash flow from operations and funds available under our current credit facilities and any future replacement thereof will be sufficient to fund the working capital, debt service, dividends, announced expansion plans for DynaEnergetics, as well as other capital expenditure requirements of our current business operations for the foreseeable future. Nevertheless, our ability to generate sufficient cash flows from operations will depend upon our success in executing our strategies. If we are unable to (i) realize sales from our backlog; (ii) secure new customer orders; (iii) continue selling products at attractive margins; and (iv) continue to implement cost-effective internal processes, our ability to meet cash requirements through operating activities could be impacted. Also, continued heightened litigation costs or unfavorable court decisions in ongoing patent infringement litigation or AD/CVD matters could negatively impact our ability to meet future cash requirements. Furthermore, any restriction on the availability of borrowings under our credit facilities could negatively affect our ability to meet future cash requirements. In March 2017, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which has been declared effective, and on which we registered for sale up to $150 million of certain of our securities from time to time and on terms that we may determine in the future. Our ability to access this capital may be limited by market conditions at the time of any future potential offering. There can be no assurance that any such capital will be available on acceptable terms or at all.

Debt facilities
 
On March 8, 2018, we entered into a five-year $75,000 credit facility which replaced in its entirety our prior syndicated credit facility entered into on February 23, 2015. The new credit facility allows for revolving loans of up to $50,000 with a $20,000 US dollar equivalent sublimit for alternative currency loans. In addition, the new agreement provides for a $25,000 Capital Expenditure Facility (“Capex Facility)” which is to be used to finance our DynaEnergetics manufacturing expansion project in Blum, Texas. The Capex facility allows for advances to fund capital expenditures of the Blum expansion project during year one of the credit facility. At the end of year one, the Capex Facility will convert to a term loan which will be amortizable at 12.5% of principal per year with a balloon payment for the outstanding balance upon the credit facility maturity date in year five. The new facility has a $100,000 accordion feature to increase the commitments under the revolving loan class and/or by adding a term loan subject to approval by applicable lenders. We entered into the credit facility with a syndicate of three banks, with KeyBank, N.A. acting as administrative agent. The syndicated credit facility is secured by the assets of DMC including accounts receivable, inventory, and fixed assets, as well as guarantees and share pledges by DMC and its subsidiaries.
Borrowings under the $50,000 revolving loan and $25,000 Capex Facility can be in the form of one, two, three, or six month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) loans. Additionally, US dollar borrowings on the revolving loan can be in the form of Base Rate loans (Base Rate borrowings are based on the greater of the administrative agent’s Prime rates, an adjusted Federal Funds rates or an adjusted LIBOR rate). LIBOR loans bear interest at the applicable LIBOR rate plus an applicable margin (varying from 1.50% to 3.00%). Base Rate loans bear interest at the defined Base rate plus an applicable margin (varying from 0.50% to 2.00%). All borrowing and repayments under the credit facility have been in the form of one month loans and are reported on a net basis in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Borrowings under the $20,000 Alternate Currency sublimit can be in euros, Canadian dollars, pounds sterling, and in any other currency acceptable to the administrative agent. Alternative currency borrowings denominated in euros, pounds sterling, and any other currency that is dealt with on the London Interbank Deposit Market shall be comprised of LIBOR loans and bear interest at the LIBOR rate plus an applicable margin (varying from 1.50% to 3.00%).

We also maintain a line of credit with a German bank for certain DynaEnergetics operations. This line of credit provides a borrowing capacity of €4,000. 

As of March 31, 2018, total loans of $29,933, including U.S. dollar revolving loans of $26,655 and loans under our Capex Facility of $3,278, were outstanding under our credit facility. While we had approximately $45,067 of available revolving credit loan capacity as of March 31, 2018 under our various credit facilities, future borrowings are subject to compliance with financial covenants that could significantly limit such availability.
 
There are currently two significant financial covenants under our credit facility, a debt-to-EBITDA leverage ratio ("leverage ratio") and a debt service coverage ratio. The leverage ratio is defined in the credit facility for any trailing four quarter period, as the ratio of Consolidated Funded Indebtedness (as defined in the agreement) on the last day of such period to Consolidated Pro Forma EBITDA for such period. For the March 31, 2018 reporting period, the maximum leverage ratio permitted by our syndicated credit facility was 3.00 to 1.0. The actual leverage ratio as of March 31, 2018, calculated in accordance with the credit facility, as amended, was 0.93 to 1.0.


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The debt service coverage ratio, as defined in the credit facility, means, for any period, the ratio of Consolidated EBITDA less the sum of cash dividends, cash income taxes and Consolidated Unfunded Capital Expenditures (as defined in the agreement) to Debt Service Charges. Consolidated EBITDA is defined above and Debt Service Charges equals the sum of Consolidated Interest Expense paid in cash (as defined in the agreement) and scheduled principal payments of Consolidated Funded Indebtedness (as defined in the agreement). Under our credit facility, the minimum debt service coverage ratio permitted by our credit facility for the March 31, 2018 reporting period is 1.35 to 1.0. The actual debt service coverage ratio for the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2018 was 22.31 to 1.0.
 
Our credit facility also includes various other covenants and restrictions, certain of which relate to the payment of dividends or other distributions to stockholders, redemption of capital stock, incurrence of additional indebtedness, mortgaging, and pledging or disposition of major assets. As of March 31, 2018, we were in compliance with all financial covenants and other provisions of our debt agreements.

As of December 31, 2017, we had a $35,000 syndicated credit facility that allowed for revolving loans of $30,000 in U.S. dollars and $5,000 in alternative currencies as well as a $25,000 accordion feature to increase the commitments in any of the loan classes subject to approval by applicable lenders.
 
Other contractual obligations and commitments
 
Our long-term debt balance increased to $29,933 at March 31, 2018 from $18,250 at December 31, 2017. Our other contractual obligations and commitments have not materially changed since December 31, 2017.

Cash flows from operating activities
 
Net cash used in operating activities was $2,978 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared with $5,186 in the same period last year. The change was due to increased net working capital requirements from higher sales partially offset by net income in 2018 as compared to a net loss in 2017.

Cash flows from investing activities
 
Net cash flows used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2018 of $5,302 primarily related to acquisitions of property, plant and equipment for DynaEnergetics' construction of a new 74,000 square foot manufacturing, assembly and administrative space at its existing site in Blum, Texas. Net cash flows used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2017 totaled $1,647 and were primarily due to acquisitions of property, plant and equipment.

Cash flows from financing activities
 
Net cash flows provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2018 totaled $10,538 compared to $5,382 for the three months ended March 31, 2017, primarily due to higher borrowings on bank lines of credit offset by additional treasury stock purchases.
 
Payment of Dividends
 
On February 28, 2018, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.02 per share which was paid on April 16, 2018. The dividend of $295 was payable to shareholders of record as of March 31, 2018. We also paid quarterly cash dividends of $0.02 per share in the first quarter of 2017.
 
We may pay quarterly dividends subject to capital availability and periodic determinations that cash dividends are in the best interests of our stockholders. Future dividends may be affected by, among other items, our views on potential future capital requirements, future business prospects, debt covenant compliance considerations, changes in income tax laws, and any other factors that our Board of Directors deems relevant. Any determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors.
 
Critical Accounting Policies
 
Except as described below, our critical accounting policies have not changed from those reported in our Annual Report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.


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Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted a new accounting standard, as amended, regarding revenue from contracts with customers using the modified retrospective approach, which was applied to all contracts with customers. Under the new standard, an entity is required to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

There was no cumulative financial statement effect of initially applying the new revenue standard because an analysis of our contracts supported the recognition of revenue consistent with our historical approach. In accordance with the modified retrospective approach, the comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The Company does not expect the adoption of the new revenue standard to have a material impact to the Company’s revenues or net income on an ongoing basis.

The Company’s revenues are primarily derived from consideration paid by customers for tangible goods. The Company analyzes its different goods and services by segment to determine the appropriate basis for revenue recognition, as described below. Revenue is not generated from sources other than contracts with customers and revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. There are no material upfront costs for operations that are incurred from contracts with customers. On occasion, NobelClad and DynaEnergetics may require customers to make advance payments prior to the shipment of goods. We record such payments as contract liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Our rights to payments for goods transferred to customers are conditional only on the passage of time and not on any other criteria. Payment terms and conditions vary by contract, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 to 60 days. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, we have determined that our contracts do not include a significant financing component given the short duration between order initiation and order fulfillment within each of our segments.

NobelClad

Customers agree to terms and conditions at the time of initiating an order. The significant majority of transactions contain a single performance obligation - the delivery of a clad metal product. In instances where multiple products are included within an order, each product represents a separate performance obligation given that: (1) the customer can benefit from each product on a standalone basis and (2) each product is distinct within the context of the contract.

The transaction price is readily determinable and fixed at the time the transaction is entered into with the customer. NobelClad is entitled to each product’s transaction price upon the customer obtaining control of the item. Such control occurs as of a point in time, which is generally based upon relevant International Commercial Terms ("Incoterms") as it relates to product ownership and legal title being transferred. Upon fulfillment of applicable Incoterms, NobelClad has performed its contractual requirements such that it has a present right to payment, and the customer from that point forward bears all risks and rewards of ownership. In addition, at this date, the customer has the ability to direct the use of, or restrict the access to, the asset. No payment discounts, rebates, refunds, or any other forms of variable consideration are included within its contracts. NobelClad also does not provide service-type warranties either via written agreement or customary business practice, nor does it allow customer returns.

For contracts that contain only one performance obligation, the total transaction price is allocated to the sole performance obligation. For less frequent contracts which contain multiple distinct performance obligations, judgment is required to determine the standalone selling price ("SSP") for each performance obligation. NobelClad uses the expected cost plus margin approach in order to estimate SSP, whereby an entity forecasts its expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and then adds an appropriate margin for that good or service. The required judgment described herein largely is mitigated given the short duration between order initiation and complete order fulfillment.

DynaEnergetics

Customers agree to terms and conditions at the time of initiating an order. Transactions contain standard products, which may include perforating system components, such as detonating cord, or systems and associated hardware, including factory-assembled DynaStage® perforating systems and DynaSelect® detonators. In instances where multiple products are included within an order, each product represents a separate performance obligation given that: (1) the customer can benefit from each product on a standalone basis and (2) each product is distinct within the context of the contract.


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The transaction price is readily determinable and fixed at the time the transaction is entered into with the customer. DynaEnergetics is entitled to each product’s transaction price upon the customer obtaining control of the item. Such control occurs as of a point in time, which is generally based upon relevant Incoterms as it relates to product ownership and legal title being transferred. Upon fulfillment of applicable Incoterms, DynaEnergetics has performed its contractual requirements such that it has a present right to payment, and the customer from that point forward bears all risks and rewards of ownership. In addition, at this date, the customer has the ability to direct the use of, or restrict the access to, the asset. No payment discounts, rebates, refunds, or any other forms of variable consideration are included within contracts. DynaEnergetics also does not provide service-type warranties either via written agreement or customary business practice, nor does it allow customer returns without its prior approval.

For orders that contain only one performance obligation, the total transaction price is allocated to the sole performance obligation. For orders that contain multiple products being purchased by the customer, judgment is required to determine SSP for each distinct performance obligation. However, such judgment largely is mitigated given that products purchased are generally shipped at the same time. In instances where products purchased are not shipped at the same time, DynaEnergetics uses the contractually stated price to determine SSP as this price approximates the price of each good as sold separately.

ITEM 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk
 
Foreign Currency Exchange Rates

Our NobelClad and DynaEnergetics subsidiaries operate globally through an international network of manufacturing, distribution and sales facilities and frequently enter into inter-company and third party transactions that are denominated in currencies other than their functional currency. We use foreign currency forward contracts to offset foreign exchange rate fluctuation on foreign currency denominated asset and liability positions. Foreign currency forward contracts are sensitive to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Consistent with the use of these contracts to neutralize the effect of exchange rate fluctuations, such unrealized losses or gains would be offset by corresponding gains or losses, respectively, in the remeasurement of the asset and liability positions being hedged. As such, these forward currency contracts and the offsetting underlying asset and liability positions do not create material market risk.
 
ITEM 4.  Controls and Procedures
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of the end of the period covered by this report, and they have concluded that these controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes that occurred during the fiscal quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.


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Part II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings
 
Anti-dumping and Countervailing Duties

In June 2015, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“U.S. Customs”) sent us a Notice of Action that proposed to classify certain of our imports as subject to anti-dumping duties pursuant to a 2010 anti-dumping duty (“AD”) order on Oil Country Tubular Goods (“OCTG”) from China. A companion countervailing duty (“CVD”) order on the same product is in effect as well. The Notice of Action covered one entry of certain raw material steel mechanical tubing made in China and imported into the U.S. from Canada by our DynaEnergetics segment during 2015 for use in manufacturing perforating guns.

In July 2015, we sent a response to U.S. Customs outlining the reasons our mechanical tubing imports do not fall within the scope of the AD order on OCTG from China and should not be subject to anti-dumping duties. U.S. Customs proposed to take similar action with respect to other entries of this product and requested an approximately $1,100 cash deposit or bond for AD/CVD.

In August 2015, we posted the bond of approximately $1,100 to U.S. Customs. Subsequently, U.S. Customs declined to conclude on the Company's assertion that the mechanical tubing the Company has been importing is not within the scope of the AD order on OCTG from China. As a result, on September 25, 2015 the Company filed a request for a scope ruling with the U.S. Department of Commerce ("Commerce Department").

On February 15, 2016, the Company received the Commerce Department’s scope ruling, which determined certain imports, primarily used for gun carrier tubing, are included in the scope of the AD/CVD orders on OCTG from China and thus are subject to AD/CVD.

On March 11, 2016, the Company filed an appeal with the U.S. Court of International Trade (“CIT”) related to the Commerce Department’s scope ruling. On February 7, 2017, the CIT remanded the scope ruling to the Commerce Department to reconsider its determination. The Commerce Department filed its remand determination with the CIT on June 7, 2017 continuing to find that the Company's imports at issue are within the scope of the AD/CVD orders on OCTG from China. On March 16, 2018, the CIT issued its decision on the appeal and sustained the Commerce Department’s scope ruling. The Company does not intend to appeal this ruling.

On December 27, 2016, we received notice from U.S. Customs that it may pursue penalties against us related to the AD/CVD issue and demanding tender of alleged loss of AD/CVD in an amount of $3,049, which had previously been accrued for in our financial statements. We filed a response to the notice on February 6, 2017 asserting our position that any decision to pursue penalties would be premature in light of the Remand Order and that penalties would not be appropriate under the applicable legal standards. On February 16, 2017, we received notice that U.S. Customs was seeking penalties in the amount of $14,783. U.S. Customs also reasserted its demand for tender of alleged loss of AD/CVD in the amount of $3,049. We tendered $3,049 in AD amounts (“Tendered Amounts”) on March 6, 2017 into a suspense account pending ultimate resolution of the AD/CVD case. We submitted a petition for relief and mitigation of penalties on May 17, 2017 asserting our position that the amount of penalties asserted by U.S. Customs is unreasonable and subject to challenge on various grounds.

On March 27, 2018, we received notice from U.S. Customs Headquarters that it intends to move forward with its pursuit of penalties. The Company has initiated discussions with U.S. Customs Headquarters regarding the scope of penalties asserted and will have the opportunity to further present the arguments set forth in its petition for relief and mitigation of penalties. Based on these arguments and mitigation factors, the Company believes that the probable ultimate penalty amount will range between $3,103 and $12,410 based on the AD/CVD of $6,205 that were recorded in the fourth quarter of 2015. As no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the Company accrued the minimum amount in the range, $3,103.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recorded $25 of interest on its reserve for AD/CVD and $3,103 of potential penalties, bringing the total reserved amount related to AD/CVD and penalties as of March 31, 2018 to $6,712. The Tendered Amounts were applied to reduce the reserve, and we expect to pay the remainder of the AD/CVD when they are finally assessed by Customs. The Company will continue to incur legal defense costs and could also be subject to additional interest.
Patent and Trademark Infringement


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On July 1, 2016, GEODynamics, Inc., a US-based oil and gas perforating equipment manufacturer based in Fort Worth, Texas ("GEODynamics") filed a patent infringement action against DynaEnergetics US, Inc. (“DynaEnergetics”) in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (“District Court”) alleging infringement of US Patent No. 8,544,563 (the “563 patent”), also based on DynaEnergetics’ US sales of DPEX® shaped charges. DynaEnergetics denies validity and infringement of the 563 patent and has vigorously defended itself against this lawsuit. As part of that defense, on September 20, 2016, DynaEnergetics filed an Inter Parties Review (IPR) against the 563 patent at the U.S. Patent Trial and Appeal Board (“PTAB”), requesting invalidation of the 563 patent. On March 17, 2017, DynaEnergetics' IPR request was instituted by the PTAB, and on March 1, 2018, PTAB issued its decision in favor of DynaEnergetics, invalidating all challenged claims of the 563 patent. Trial on the 563 patent remains stayed at this time, and DynaEnergetics plans to file for dismissal of the District Court case at the appropriate time.

On April 28, 2017, GEODynamics filed a patent infringement action against DynaEnergetics in District Court alleging infringement of U.S. Patent No. 8,220,394 (the “394 patent”), based on DynaEnergetics' sales of its DPEX® and HaloFrac® shaped charges. DynaEnergetics denies validity and infringement of the 394 patent and plans to vigorously defend against this lawsuit. On August 28, 2017, DynaEnergetics filed an IPR against the 394 patent at the PTAB, requesting invalidation of the 394 patent. On March 8, 2018, PTAB issued its decision in which institution of the IPR review was denied. We will proceed to trial, which is expected to occur in October 2018.

On August 21, 2017, GEODynamics filed a patent infringement action against DynaEnergetics GmbH & Co. KG and DynaEnergetics Beteiligungs GmbH, both wholly owned subsidiaries of DMC (collectively, “DynaEnergetics EU”), in the Regional Court of Düsseldorf, Germany, alleging infringement of the German part DE 60 2004 033 297 of European patent EP 1 671 013 B1 granted on June 29, 2011, a patent related to the 394 patent (the “EP 013 patent”). This action is based on the manufacturing, sale and marketing of DPEX shaped charges in Germany. DynaEnergetics EU denies validity and infringement of the EP 013 patent and plans to vigorously defend against this lawsuit. DynaEnergetics EU filed its defense at the Regional Court of Düsseldorf and a nullity action against EP 013 at the German Federal Patent Court on February 14, 2018. A trial in the infringement proceedings is not yet scheduled but expected in the fourth quarter of 2018, and a trial in the nullity action is not expected before late 2019.

On September 27, 2017, DynaEnergetics GmbH & Co. KG filed a revocation action in the Patents Court, Shorter Trials Scheme in the UK against GEODynamics, asserting that the EP 013 patent, as maintained in the UK, is invalid. GEODynamics filed its defense and a counterclaim alleging infringement of the EP 013 patent in November 2017 based on sales and marketing of DPEX® shaped charges in the UK. DynaEnergetics denies validity and infringement of the EP 013 patent and plans to vigorously challenge the EP 013 patent and defend against this lawsuit. Trial is currently expected to occur in October 2018.

We do not believe that the 563 patent, the 394 patent, the EP 013 patent or infringement claims based on the patents are valid, and we do not believe it is probable that we will incur a material loss on the 563 matter, the 394 matter or the EP 013 matter. However, if it is determined that the patents are valid and that DynaEnergetics or DynaEnergetics EU, as applicable, has infringed them, it is reasonably possible that our financial statements could be materially affected. We are not able to provide a reasonable estimate of the range of loss, and we have not accrued for any such losses. Such an evaluation includes, among other things, a determination of the total number of infringing sales in the United States or infringing products manufactured in Germany, as applicable, what a reasonable royalty, if any, might be under the circumstances; or, alternatively, the scope of damages and the relevant period for which damages would apply, if any.


Item 1A. Risk Factors
 
There have been no significant changes in the risk factors identified as being attendant to our business in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

In connection with the vesting of Company restricted common stock under our equity incentive plans during the first quarter of 2018, we retained shares of common stock in satisfaction of withholding tax obligations. These shares are held as treasury shares by the Company.

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Total number of shares purchased (1) (2)
 
Average price paid per share
January 1 to January 31, 2018
 
—

 
$
—

February 1 to February 28, 2018
 
6,421

 
$
22.91

March 1 to March 31, 2018
 
8,909

 
$
23.16

Total
 
15,330

 
$
23.05


(1) All shares purchased in 2018 were to offset tax withholding obligations that occur upon the vesting of restricted common stock under the terms of the 2016 Stock Incentive Plan.
(2) As of March 31, 2018, the maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased would not exceed the employees’ portion of taxes withheld on unvested shares (546,711 shares).

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
 
None.
 
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
 
Our Coolspring property is subject to regulation by the Federal Mine Safety and Health Administration ("MSHA") under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (the "Mine Act"). Pursuant to Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (The "Dodd-Frank Act"), issuers that are operators, or that have a subsidiary that is an operator, of a coal or other mine in the United States are required to disclose in their periodic reports filed with the SEC information regarding specified health and safety violations, orders and citations, related assessments and legal actions, and mining-related fatalities. During the quarter ended March 31, 2018, we had no such specified health and safety violations, orders or citations, related assessments or legal actions, mining-related fatalities, or similar events in relation to our United States operations requiring disclosure pursuant to Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Act.
 
Item 5. Other Information
 
None.

Item 6. Exhibits
 
31.1 Certification of the President and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a) or 17 CFR 240.15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
31.2 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a) or 17 CFR 240.15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1 Certification of the President and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
32.2 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
101 The following materials from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of DMC Global Inc. for the quarter ended March 31, 2018, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text.*
 
 

*    Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the Interactive Data Files on Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections.

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SIGNATURES
 
In accordance with the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
 
DMC Global Inc.
 
 
 
(Registrant)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date:
April 26, 2018
 
/s/ Michael Kuta
 
 
 
Michael Kuta, Chief Financial Officer (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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