e424b3
The
information in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying
prospectus is not complete and may be changed. This prospectus
supplement and the accompanying prospectus are not an offer to
sell these securities and it is not seeking an offer to buy
these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is
not
permitted.
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Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)
Registration Statement
No. 333-108336
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED
JULY 20, 2006
Preliminary Prospectus Supplement (To Prospectus dated
September 8, 2003)
Shares
Essex Property Trust, Inc.
% Series G Cumulative
Convertible Preferred Stock
We are
offering shares
of
our %
Series G Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (the
Series G Preferred Stock) to be sold in this
offering. We will pay cumulative dividends on the Series G
Preferred Stock from and including the date of original issuance
in the amount of
$ per share
each year, which is equivalent
to %
of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share. Dividends on the
Series G Preferred Stock will be payable quarterly in
arrears, beginning on October 31, 2006. Our only other
preferred stock outstanding as of the date of this prospectus
supplement are 1,000,000 shares of our 7.8125%
Series F Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the
Series F Preferred Stock) with a liquidation
preference of $25.00 per share. The Series G Preferred
Stock ranks on parity with the Series F Preferred Stock.
Holders may convert the Series G Preferred Stock into
shares of our common stock subject to certain conditions. The
conversion rate will initially
be shares
of common stock per Series G Preferred Stock, which is
equivalent to an initial conversion price of
$ per share
of common stock. The conversion rate will be subject to
adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events.
If a fundamental change occurs, holders may require us to
repurchase all or part of their Series G Preferred Stock.
In addition, if a holder elects to convert the Series G
Preferred Stock in connection with certain fundamental changes,
we will pay, to the extent described in this prospectus
supplement, a make whole premium by increasing the conversion
rate applicable to such Series G Preferred Stock.
On or after July 31, 2011, we may, at our option, cause the
Series G Preferred Stock to be automatically converted into
that number of shares of common stock that are issuable at the
then prevailing conversion rate. We may exercise our conversion
right only if, for 20 trading days within any period of 30
consecutive trading days (including the last trading day of such
period), the closing sale price of our common stock equals or
exceeds 130% of then prevailing conversion price of the
Series G Preferred Stock. Investors in our Series G
Preferred Stock will generally have no voting rights, but will
have limited voting rights if we fail to pay dividends for six
or more quarters and under certain other circumstances.
The Series G Preferred Stock has no stated maturity and
will not be subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption;
however, the holders of Series G Preferred Stock will be
entitled to require us to redeem their shares of Series G
Preferred Stock within sixty days of certain specified events
described herein.
Our Series G Preferred Stock is subject to certain
restrictions on ownership designed to preserve our qualification
as a real estate investment trust for federal income tax
purposes. See Description of Common Stock on
page 14 and Description of Preferred Stock on
page 21 of the accompanying prospectus.
Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under
the symbol ESS. Our Series G Preferred Stock
will not be listed on a national securities exchange or the
National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation
system. The last reported sales price of our common stock on
July , 2006 was
$ per share.
Investing in our Series G Preferred Stock involves
risks. See Risk Factors beginning on page S-9
of this prospectus supplement.
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Per Share | |
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Total | |
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Public offering price
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$ |
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$ |
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Underwriting discounts
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$ |
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$ |
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Offering proceeds to Essex Property Trust, Inc. before expenses
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$ |
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$ |
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Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state
securities commission has approved or disapproved of these
securities, or determined if this prospectus supplement or the
accompanying prospectus is truthful or complete. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
We have granted the underwriter the option to purchase within
30 days from the date of this prospectus supplement up to
an
additional shares
of Series G Preferred Stock at the public offering price
per share, less discounts and commissions, solely to cover
over-allotments.
The shares will be ready for delivery on or about
July , 2006.
Banc of America Securities
LLC
The date of this prospectus supplement is
July , 2006.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Prospectus Supplement |
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S-1 |
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S-2 |
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S-9 |
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S-25 |
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S-25 |
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S-26 |
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S-27 |
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S-43 |
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S-61 |
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S-65 |
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S-65 |
Prospectus |
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ii |
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ii |
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1 |
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1 |
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2 |
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2 |
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3 |
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14 |
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14 |
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32 |
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41 |
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42 |
i
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus
contain or incorporate by reference forward-looking statements
within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act,
and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, and are subject to the
safe harbor provisions created by these statutes.
All statements, other than statements of historical facts, that
address activities, events or developments that we intend,
expect, project, believe or anticipate will or may occur in the
future are forward-looking statements. Such statements are
characterized by terminology such as anticipates,
believes, expects, future,
intends, assuming, projects,
plans and similar expressions or the negative of
those terms or other comparable terminology. These
forward-looking statements which include statements about our
expectations, objectives, anticipations, intentions and
strategies regarding the future, reflect only managements
current expectations and are not guarantees of future
performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties,
including those risks described under the heading Risk
Factors in this prospectus supplement, or in the documents
incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, that
could cause actual results to differ materially from the results
contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Some of these
forward-looking statements include statements regarding our
expectations as to:
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The timing of completion of current development and
redevelopment projects and the stabilization dates of such
projects; |
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The total projected costs and rental rates of development and
redevelopment projects; |
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The adequacy of future cash flows to meet operating requirements
and to provide for dividend payments in accordance with real
estate investment trust (REIT) requirements; |
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The amount of capital expenditures and non-revenue generating
capital expenditures; |
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Future acquisitions and anticipated development projects in 2006; |
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The anticipated performance of the second Essex Apartment Value
Fund (Fund II); |
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The anticipated performance of existing properties; and |
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The anticipated results from various geographic regions and our
investment focus in such regions. |
All forward-looking statements included or incorporated by
reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying
prospectus are made as of the date hereof, based on information
available to us as of the date hereof, and we assume no
obligation to update any forward-looking statement or
statements. It is important to note that such forward-looking
statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and that our
actual results could differ materially from those in such
forward-looking statements. The risks and uncertainties
described under the heading Risk Factors in this
prospectus supplement and in the Section entitled
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report
on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2005 and Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended March 31, 2006, incorporated by reference in
the accompanying prospectus, in some cases have affected, and in
the future could affect, our actual operating results and could
cause our actual operating results to differ materially from
those expressed in any forward-looking statement made by us. You
are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking
statements contained in this prospectus supplement and the
accompanying prospectus.
S-1
SUMMARY
The information below is only a summary of more detailed
information included elsewhere in this prospectus supplement,
the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated
herein by reference. This summary does not contain all the
information that is important to you or that you should consider
before investing in the shares of Series G Preferred Stock
and the shares of Essex common stock into which the shares of
Series G Preferred Stock, in certain circumstances, are
convertible. As a result, you should read this entire prospectus
supplement, the accompanying prospectus, as well as the
information incorporated herein by reference, carefully.
As used in this prospectus supplement, unless the context
otherwise requires, the terms we, us,
our, Essex, Essex Property
Trust, or Operating Partnership refer to Essex
Property Trust, Inc., and its subsidiaries.
Essex Property Trust, Inc.
Essex Property Trust is a self-administered and self-managed
real estate investment trust, or REIT, that
acquires, develops, redevelops and manages multifamily
residential properties in selected communities located primarily
in the west coast of the United States. Essex Property Trust
owns all of its interests in its real properties, directly or
indirectly, through Essex Portfolio, L.P. Essex Property Trust
is the sole general partner of Essex Portfolio, L.P. and, as of
March 31, 2006, had an approximately 90.2% general partner
interest in Essex Portfolio, L.P.
Our investment strategy has two components: constant monitoring
of existing markets, and evaluation of new markets to identify
areas with the characteristics that underlie rental growth. Our
strong financial condition supports our investment strategy by
providing access to a wide range of capital alternatives. This
enhances our ability to quickly shift our acquisition,
development, and disposition activities to markets that will
optimize the performance of the portfolio.
As of March 31, 2006, we had ownership interests in 126
multifamily properties, comprising 27,311 apartment units. In
addition, as of March 31, 2006, we along with our
affiliated entities and joint ventures were also developing
three multifamily residential properties, which are expected to
comprise 551 units. Our multifamily residential properties
are located in Southern California (Los Angeles, Ventura,
Orange, Riverside and San Diego counties), Northern
California (the San Francisco Bay Area) and the Pacific
Northwest (the Seattle, Washington and Portland, Oregon
metropolitan areas) and other areas (Houston, Texas). At
March 31, 2006, we also had ownership interests in three
office buildings (with approximately 166,340 square feet),
two recreational vehicle parks (comprising 338 spaces) and one
manufactured housing community (containing 157 sites). Essex
Property Trust became a public company in 1994. Its web site
address is http://www.essexpropertytrust.com. Information on its
web site does not constitute a part of this prospectus
supplement and is not incorporated by reference herein.
Essexs common stock is listed on the New York Stock
Exchange under the Symbol ESS. Essex is a Maryland
corporation. Essexs executive offices are located at 925
East Meadow Drive, Palo Alto, California 94303.
S-2
The Offering
The following is a brief summary of certain terms of this
offering. For a more complete description of the terms of the
Series G Preferred Stock, see Description of the
Series G Preferred Stock below.
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Issuer |
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Essex Property Trust, Inc. |
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Securities offered |
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shares
of %
Series G Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (the
Series G Preferred Stock) (plus up to an
additional shares
of Series G Preferred Stock that we may issue and sell upon
the exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option). |
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Ranking |
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The Series G Preferred Stock will be, with respect to
dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or
winding up of our company: |
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junior to all our
existing and future debt obligations; |
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junior to each class
or series of our capital stock other than (a) our common
stock and any other class or series of our capital stock the
terms of which provide that such class or series will rank
junior to the Series G Preferred Stock and (b) any
other class or series of our capital stock the terms of which
provide that such class or series will rank on a parity with the
Series G Preferred Stock; |
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on a parity with any
other class or series of our capital stock (including our
(i) Series F Preferred Stock, (ii) Series B
Preferred Stock that may be issued in certain circumstances upon
conversion of the Series B Preferred Partnership Units (the
Series B Preferred Stock) and
(iii) Series D Preferred Stock that may be issued in
certain circumstances upon conversion of the Series D
Preferred Partnership Units (the Series D Preferred
Stock)), the rights of the holders of which (a) are
not given preference over the rights of the holders of the
Series G Preferred Stock either as to dividends or as to
distributions in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or
winding up and (b) rank on a parity with the rights of the
holders of the Series G Preferred Stock as to dividends or
as to distributions in the event of our liquidation, dissolution
or winding up, or both; |
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senior to our common
stock and any other class or series of our capital stock, the
rights of the holders of which are junior and subordinate to the
rights of the holders of the Series G Preferred Stock both
as to dividends and as to distributions in the event of our
liquidation, dissolution or winding up; and |
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effectively junior to
all of our subsidiaries existing and future liabilities. |
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We refer to any security described in the third bullet above as
Parity Preferred. |
S-3
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Dividends |
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You are entitled to receive cumulative cash dividends on the
Series G Preferred Stock at a rate
of % per
year of the $25.00 liquidation preference (equivalent to
$ per
year per share). Dividends on the Series G Preferred Stock
are payable quarterly in arrears on January 31,
April 30, July 31, and October 31 of each year,
or if not a business day, the next succeeding business day,
beginning October 31, 2006. Dividends paid to investors on
the Series G Preferred Stock issued in this offering will
be cumulative from July ,
2006. |
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Liquidation preference |
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If we liquidate, dissolve or wind up, you will have the right to
receive $25.00 per share of Series G Preferred Stock,
plus accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared) to
the date of payment, before any payments are made to our common
stockholders or to holders of any other of our equity securities
that we may issue ranking junior to the Series G Preferred
Stock as to liquidation rights (but after any payments are made
to holders of our debt, holders of our subsidiaries debt
and holders of any other of our equity securities that we may
issue ranking senior to the Series G Preferred Stock as to
liquidation rights). Your rights to receive the liquidation
preference will be subject to the proportionate rights of each
other series or class of our equity securities ranking on parity
with the Series G Preferred Stock that we have issued or
may issue in the future (including our Series F Preferred
Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred
Stock). |
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Voting rights |
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Holders of Series G Preferred Stock will generally not have
voting rights, except that we shall not, without the affirmative
vote of the holders of at least two-thirds
(2/3rds)
of the outstanding shares of the Series G Preferred Stock,
voting separately as a class (i) authorize or create, or
increase the authorized or issued amount of, any class or series
of shares of beneficial interest ranking senior to the
Series G Preferred Stock with respect to payment of
distributions or rights upon any voluntary or involuntary
liquidation, dissolution or
winding-up or
reclassify any of our authorized shares of capital stock into
any such shares, or create, authorize or issue any obligation or
security convertible into or evidencing the right to purchase
any such shares, or (ii) either amend, alter or repeal the
provisions of our charter or bylaws, whether by amendment,
merger, consolidation or otherwise, so as to materially and
adversely affect the preferences, other rights, voting powers,
restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications,
or terms and conditions of redemption, of any outstanding shares
of the Series G Preferred Stock or the holders thereof;
provided that any increase in the amount of authorized preferred
stock or the creation or issuance of any other series of
preferred stock, or any increase in an amount of authorized
shares of each series, in each case ranking junior or on parity
to the Series G Preferred Stock with respect to payment of
distributions and the distribution of assets upon voluntary or
involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, shall not be
deemed to materially and adversely affect such rights,
preferences, privileges or voting powers. |
S-4
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If at any time full dividends shall not have been made on any
Series G Preferred Stock with respect to any six
(6) prior quarterly dividend periods, whether consecutive
or not (a Preferred Dividend Default), such that
dividends for such six (6) dividend periods have not been
fully paid and are outstanding in whole or in part at the same
time, the holders of the Series G Preferred Stock shall
have the right to participate in a class vote together with the
holders of Series B Preferred Stock, Series D
Preferred Stock, Series F Preferred Stock (to the extent
such holders choose to participate in the election of Preferred
Stock Directors in lieu of receipt of the default distribution
rate pursuant to the terms of the Series F Preferred Stock)
and any subsequently issued series of preferred stock upon which
like voting rights have been conferred to elect two additional
directors to serve on our Board of Directors (the
Preferred Stock Directors) at a special meeting
called by the holders of record of at least 10% of the
outstanding shares of Series G Preferred Stock or any
series of such preferred stock or at the next annual meeting of
the stockholders, and at each subsequent annual meeting of
stockholders or special meeting held in lieu thereof, until all
such dividends in arrears and dividends for the current
quarterly period on the Series G Preferred Stock and each
such preferred stock have been paid in full. At any such annual
or special meeting, the holders of the Series B Preferred
Stock, the Series D Preferred Stock, the Series F
Preferred Stock (to the extent such holders choose to
participate in the election of Preferred Stock Directors in lieu
of receipt of the default distribution rate pursuant to the
terms of the Series F Preferred Stock), the Series G
Preferred Stock and any subsequently issued series of preferred
stock upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are
exercisable, will be entitled to cast votes for such Preferred
Stock Directors on the basis of one vote per $50.00 of
liquidation preference to which such class of preferred stock is
entitled by its terms (excluding amounts in respect of
accumulated and unpaid dividends) and not cumulatively. If and
when all accumulated dividends and the dividend for the current
dividend period on the Series G Preferred Stock shall have
been paid in full or irrevocably set aside for payment in full,
the holders of the Series G Preferred Stock shall be
divested of these voting rights (subject to revesting at such
holders option in the event of each and every Preferred Dividend
Default) and, if all dividends in arrears and the dividends for
the current dividend period have been paid in full or
irrevocably set aside for payment in full on all other Preferred
Stock upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are
exercisable, the term and office of each Preferred Stock
Director so elected shall immediately terminate. Any Preferred
Stock Director may be removed at any time with or without cause
by the vote of, and shall not be removed otherwise than by the
vote of, the holders of record of a majority of the outstanding
Series G Preferred Stock when they have these voting rights
voting separately as a single class with all other classes or
series of Parity Preferred upon which like voting rights have
been conferred and are exercisable. So long as a Preferred
Dividend Default shall continue, any vacancy in the office of a
Preferred Stock Director may be filled by written consent of the
Preferred Stock Director remaining in office, or if none remains
in |
S-5
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office, by a vote of the holders of record of a majority of the
outstanding Series G Preferred Stock when they have these
voting rights voting separately as a single class with all other
classes or series of Parity Preferred upon which like voting
rights have been conferred and are exercisable. The Preferred
Stock Directors shall each be entitled to one vote per director
on any matter. See Description of Series G Preferred
Stock Voting Rights. |
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Restrictions on ownership |
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To ensure that we maintain our qualification as a REIT for
federal income tax purposes, our charter provides that no person
or entity may own more than 6.0% of the value of our outstanding
shares of capital stock, including the Series G Preferred
Stock, with some exceptions. See Description of Common
Stock and Preferred Stock in the accompanying prospectus
and Risk Factors Our Charter Contains Limits
on Ownership of Our Series G Preferred Stock Which Could
Have Adverse Consequences to You below. |
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Redemption |
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We may not redeem the Series G Preferred Stock except as
described below. On or after July 31, 2011, we have the
right, in certain circumstances, to require you to convert your
Series G Preferred Stock. See Description of
Series G Preferred Stock Company Conversion
Option below. |
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Maturity and Redemption by holders of the Series G
Preferred Stock |
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Our Series G Preferred Stock has no maturity date and we
are not required to redeem the Series G Preferred Stock
except as described in the immediately succeeding paragraph.
Accordingly, the Series G Preferred Stock will remain
outstanding indefinitely unless you or we decide to convert it,
you elect to have us purchase it upon a fundamental change, we
liquidate, dissolve or wind up, or you elect to have us redeem
it as described in the immediately succeeding paragraph. See
Description of Series G Preferred Stock
Conversion Rights, Company Conversion
Option and Purchase of Series G
Preferred Stock Upon a Fundamental Change below. |
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We are not required to redeem any shares of Series G
Preferred Stock, except (i) if we complete a
Rule 13e-3
transaction, as defined in
Rule 13e-3 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange
Act), in which, as a result of such transaction, our
common stock is no longer registered under Section 12 of
the Exchange Act, except that this clause shall not apply to any
involuntary delisting of our common stock from the New York
Stock Exchange or any national securities exchange (as defined
in the Exchange Act), (ii) if we complete a consolidation
or merger or other business combination of our company with or
into any corporation, trust or entity and, if the surviving
entity has outstanding debt securities (regardless if these debt
securities are publicly traded), such debt securities do not
possess at least the lowest credit rating level established as
investment grade from either Standard & Poors,
Moodys Investor Service or Fitch Ratings, or (iii) if
we fail to qualify as a real estate investment trust as defined
in Section 856 (or any successor section) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, except where such failure
arises in connection with the consolidation or merger or |
S-6
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other business combination of our company into any corporation,
trust or entity in which we are not the surviving entity and the
surviving entity qualifies as a real estate investment trust;
provided that holders of a majority of the Series G
Preferred Stock notify us of their intent to exercise this right
of redemption. See Description of Series F Preferred
Stock Redemption. |
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Conversion rights |
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You, at your option, may convert some or all of your outstanding
Series G Preferred Stock initially at a conversion rate
of shares
of common stock per $25.00 liquidation preference (the
Conversion Rate), which is equivalent to an initial
conversion price of approximately
$ per
share of common stock (subject to adjustment in certain events).
Except as otherwise provided, shares of our Series G
Preferred Stock will only be convertible into shares of our
common stock. See Description of the Series G
Preferred Stock Conversion Rights below. |
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Company conversion option |
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On or after July 31, 2011, we may, at our option, convert
some or all of the Series G Preferred Stock into that
number of shares of common stock that are issuable at the then
prevailing Conversion Rate (the Company Conversion
Option). We may exercise our Company Conversion Option
only if our closing sale price of our common stock equals or
exceeds 130% of the then prevailing conversion price of the
Series G Preferred Stock for at least twenty
(20) trading days in a period of thirty
(30) consecutive trading days (including the last trading
day of such period) ending on the trading day immediately prior
to our issuance of a press release announcing the exercise of
our Company Conversion Option. See Description of
Series G Preferred Stock Company Conversion
Option below. |
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Payments of dividends upon
conversion |
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If you exercise your conversion rights, upon delivery of the
Series G Preferred Stock for conversion, those shares of
Series G Preferred Stock will cease to cumulate dividends
as of the conversion date and you will not receive any cash
payment representing accrued and unpaid dividends on the
Series G Preferred Stock, except in those limited
circumstances discussed below. Except as provided below, we will
make no payment for accrued and unpaid dividends, whether or not
in arrears, on Series G Preferred Stock converted at your
election, or for dividends on the common stock issued upon such
conversion. If we convert your Series G Preferred Stock
pursuant to our Company Conversion Option, whether prior to, on,
or after the record date for the current period, all unpaid
dividends that are in arrears as of the Company Conversion
Option Date will be payable to you. See Description of
Series G Preferred Stock Payments of Dividends
Upon Conversion below. |
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Conversion rate adjustments |
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The Conversion Rate is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence
of certain events, including if we distribute in any calendar
quarter to our common stockholders, any cash, including
quarterly cash dividends (subject to adjustment), in excess of
$0.84 per share of common stock. See Description of
the Series G Preferred Stock Conversion Rate
Adjustments below. |
S-7
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Adjustment to conversion rate upon certain fundamental changes |
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If you elect to convert your Series G Preferred Stock in
connection with a fundamental change that occurs on or prior to
July 31, 2016, we will increase the Conversion Rate for the
Series G Preferred Stock surrendered for conversion by a
number of additional shares determined based on our stock price
at the time of such Fundamental Change (as defined below). See
Description of the Series G Preferred
Stock Adjustment to Conversion Rate Upon Certain
Fundamental Changes below. |
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Purchase of Series G Preferred Stock upon a fundamental
change |
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In the event of a Fundamental Change (as defined below), you
will have the right to require us to purchase for cash all or
any part of your Series G Preferred Stock at a repurchase
price equal to 100% of the liquidation preference of the
Series G Preferred Stock to be purchased plus accrued and
unpaid dividends to, but not including, the Fundamental Change
Purchase Date. See Description of the Series G
Preferred Stock Purchase of Series G Preferred
Stock Upon a Fundamental Change below. |
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Transfer agent |
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The transfer agent, registrar and dividend disbursing agent for
the Series G Preferred Stock will be Computershare, LLC. |
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Listing |
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Our Series G Preferred Stock will not be listed on a
national securities exchange or the National Association of
Securities Dealers Automated Quotation system. Our common stock
is listed on the NYSE under the symbol ESS. While
the underwriter has informed us that it intends to make a market
in the Series G Preferred Stock, it is under no obligation
to do so and may discontinue such market making activities at
any time without notice. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that
any active or liquid trading market will develop for the
Series G Preferred Stock. |
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Form and book-entry system |
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The Series G Preferred Stock will only be issued in the
form of global securities held in book-entry form. The
Depository Trust Company (or DTC) or its nominee will be the
sole registered holder of the Series G Preferred Stock.
Owners of beneficial interests in the Series G Preferred
Stock represented by the global securities will hold their
interests pursuant to the procedures and practices of DTC. As a
result, beneficial interests in any such securities will be
shown on, and transfers will be effected only through, records
maintained by DTC and its direct and indirect participants and
any such interest may not be exchanged for certificated
securities, except in limited circumstances. |
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Use of proceeds |
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We expect to use the net proceeds of the offering to pay down
outstanding borrowings under its lines of credit, which bore
interest at a blended rate of 5.76% for the quarter ended
June 30, 2006, fund the development pipeline and for
general corporate purposes. See Use of Proceeds
below. |
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Risk factors |
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See Risk Factors in this prospectus supplement. |
S-8
RISK FACTORS
Risks Related to the Series G Preferred Shares
An active trading market for the Series G Preferred
Stock may not develop.
The Series G Preferred Stock is a new issue of securities
for which there is currently no public market. We do not know
whether an active trading market will develop for the
Series G Preferred Stock. The liquidity of any market for
the Series G Preferred Stock will depend upon the number of
Series G Preferred Stockholders, our results of operations
and financial condition, the market for similar securities, the
interest of securities dealers in making a market in the
Series G Preferred Stock and other factors. To the extent
that an active trading market does not develop, the liquidity
and trading prices for the Series G Preferred Stock may be
harmed.
We have no plans to list the Series G Preferred Stock on a
securities exchange. We have been advised by the underwriter
that it presently intends to make a market in the Series G
Preferred Stock. The underwriter, however, is not obligated to
do so. Any market-making activity, if initiated, may be
discontinued at any time, for any reason or for no reason,
without notice. If the underwriter ceases to act as market maker
for the Series G Preferred Stock, we cannot assure you
another firm or person will make a market in our Series G
Preferred Stock.
The trading prices for the Series G Preferred Stock
will be directly affected by the trading prices for our common
stock, which are impossible to predict.
The trading price for our common stock, and consequently the
trading price of the Series G Preferred Stock may depend on
many factors, including:
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prevailing interest rates; |
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the market for similar securities; |
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additional issuances by us of common stock; |
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additional issuances by us of other series or classes of
preferred shares; |
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general economic conditions; and |
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our financial condition, performance and prospects. |
Each of these factors, among others, may cause the trading price
of the Series G Preferred Stock to fall below the offering
price, which could have a material adverse effect on your
investment in the Series G Preferred Stock. In addition,
the stock market in recent years has experienced significant
price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated to
the operating performance of companies.
The price of our common stock could be affected by possible
sales of our common stock by investors who view the
Series G Preferred Stock as a more attractive means of
equity participation in us and by hedging or arbitrage trading
activity that may develop involving our common stock. The
hedging or arbitrage could, in turn, affect the trading prices
of the Series G Preferred Stock.
Shares of Series G Preferred Stock have not been
rated and are subordinated to existing and future debt; no
restrictions on issuance of parity preferred securities.
The shares of Series G Preferred Stock have not been rated
by any nationally recognized statistical rating organization.
Furthermore, payment of amounts due on the Series G
Preferred Stock will be subordinated to all of our existing and
future debt and will be structurally subordinate to the
obligations of our subsidiaries. In addition, we may issue
additional Series G Preferred Stock and/or shares of
another class or series of Preferred Stock ranking on a parity
with (or, upon the affirmative vote or consent of the
outstanding Series G Preferred Stockholders, senior to) the
Series G Preferred Stock with respect to the payment of
dividends and
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the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or
winding up. These factors may affect the trading price of the
Series G Preferred Stock.
We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary
to purchase the Series G Preferred Stock upon a Fundamental
Change.
Following a Fundamental Change as described under
Description of Series G Preferred Stock
Purchase of Series G Preferred Stock Upon a Fundamental
Change, Series G Preferred Stockholders may require
us to purchase their Series G Preferred Stock. We cannot
assure you that we will have sufficient financial resources, or
be able to arrange financing, to pay the repurchase price in
cash with respect to any Series G Preferred Stock tendered
by Series G Preferred Stockholders for purchase upon a
fundamental change. In addition, our then existing indebtedness
could provide that a Fundamental Change would constitute an
event of default or prepayment event under, and result in the
acceleration of the maturity of, such indebtedness or could
otherwise contain restrictions that would not allow us to
purchase our Series G Preferred Stock.
If you hold Series G Preferred Stock, you will not be
entitled to any rights with respect to our common stock, but you
will be subject to all changes made with respect to our common
stock.
If you hold Series G Preferred Stock, you will not be
entitled to any rights with respect to our common stock
(including, without limitation, voting rights and rights to
receive any dividends or other distributions on our common
stock), but you will be subject to all changes affecting the
common stock. You will have rights with respect to our common
stock only if and when we deliver common stock to you upon
conversion of your Series G Preferred Stock and, in certain
cases, under the conversion rate adjustments applicable to the
Series G Preferred Stock. For example, in the event that an
amendment is proposed to our charter or bylaws requiring
stockholder approval and the record date for determining the
stockholders of record entitled to vote on the amendment occurs
prior to the delivery of common stock to you following a
conversion, you will not be entitled to vote on the amendment,
although you will nevertheless be subject to any changes in the
powers, preferences or special rights of our common stock.
The adjustment to the conversion rate of Series G
Preferred Stock upon a conversion in connection with certain
fundamental changes may not adequately compensate you for the
lost option value of the Series G Preferred Stock as a
result of that fundamental change.
If a fundamental change occurs on or prior to July 31,
2016, we will under certain circumstances adjust the Conversion
Rate to provide for the issuance of additional common stock upon
any conversion of Series G Preferred Stock in connection
with such fundamental change. The number of additional shares of
common stock will be determined based on the date on which such
fundamental change becomes effective and the price paid per
share of our common stock in the fundamental change (in the case
of consolidations or mergers, or certain conveyances, transfers,
sales, leases or other dispositions of all or substantially all
of our properties and assets to another person to which we are a
party where cash is paid for shares of our common stock) or the
average of the closing sale prices of our common stock over the
five trading-day period ending on the trading day preceding the
effective date of the relevant fundamental change. See
Description of Series G Preferred Stock
Adjustment to Conversion Rate Upon Certain Fundamental
Changes. Although the adjustment to the Conversion Rate of
Series G Preferred Stock that are converted is designed to
compensate you for the lost option value of the Series G
Preferred Stock as a result of the fundamental change, this
adjustment to the Conversion Rate is only an approximation of
the lost value and may not adequately compensate stockholders
for the loss. In addition, if a fundamental change occurs after
July 31, 2016, or if the applicable price is less than or
equal to
$ per
share or greater than
$ per
share (in each case, subject to adjustment), we will not make an
adjustment to the Conversion Rate.
The conversion rate of the Series G Preferred Stock
may not be adjusted for all dilutive events.
The Conversion Rate of the Series G Preferred Stock is
subject to adjustments for certain events, including the
issuance of share dividends on our common stock in excess of
certain dividend thresholds; the
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issuance of rights or warrants; subdivisions or combinations of
our common stock; distributions of capital stock, indebtedness,
or assets; cash dividends; and issuer tender or exchange offers.
See Description of Series G Preferred
Stock Conversion Rate Adjustments. The
Conversion Rate may not be adjusted for other events that may
adversely affect the trading price of the Series G
Preferred Stock or the stock into which such Series G
Preferred Stock may be convertible.
Future sales of our common stock in the public market
could lower the market price for our common stock and adversely
impact the trading price of the Series G Preferred
Stock.
In the future, we may sell additional shares of our common stock
to raise capital. In addition, shares of our common stock are
reserved for issuance on the exercise of stock options and on
conversion of the Series G Preferred Stock. We cannot
predict the size of future issuances or the effect, if any, that
they may have on the market price for our common stock. The
issuance and sales of substantial amounts of common stock, or
the perception that such issuances and sales may occur, could
adversely affect the trading price of the Series G
Preferred Stock and the market price of our common stock.
Our charter contains limits on ownership of our
Series G Preferred Stock which could have adverse
consequences to you.
To ensure that we maintain our qualification as a REIT for
federal income tax purposes, our charter provides that no person
or entity may own more than 6.0% of the value of our outstanding
shares of capital stock directly or by the attribution
provisions of the federal tax laws, including the Series G
Preferred Stock, with some exceptions. Our board of directors
may exempt a stockholder from the ownership limit if it receives
satisfactory evidence that such stockholders ownership of
shares in excess of the ownership limit will not jeopardize
Essexs status as a REIT. There can be no assurance that
such an exemption will be granted. As a condition to providing
such an exemption, the Board of Directors must receive an
opinion of counsel or a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service
and representations and agreements from the applicant with
respect to preserving Essexs status as a REIT. The
ownership limit may have the effect of delaying, deferring or
preventing a change in control and, therefore, could adversely
affect our stockholders ability to realize a premium over
the then-prevailing market price for our common stock in
connection with a change in control. The ownership limit would
also preclude Series G Preferred Stockholders from
increasing their position in our Series G Preferred Stock
above the proscribed 6.0% limit and may also constrain certain
transferees from being able to purchase our Series G
Preferred Stock.
You should consider the United States federal income tax
consequences of owning the Series G Preferred Stock.
The principal U.S. federal income tax consequences of
purchasing, owning and disposing of the Series G Preferred
Stock and any common stock received upon their conversion are
summarized under Certain Material Federal Income Tax
Considerations. Certain of our actions, including an
increase in the cash dividend on our common stock in excess of
the dividend threshold amount, may result in an adjustment to
the conversion rate that could cause you to be deemed to receive
a taxable dividend subject to U.S. federal income tax
without the receipt of any cash. If you are a
non-U.S. Holder
(as defined in Certain Material Federal Income Tax
Considerations), such deemed dividend may subject you to
U.S. federal withholding tax at a 30% rate or such lower
rate as may be specified by an applicable treaty. See
Certain Material Federal Income Tax Considerations.
General Risks Related to an Investment in Our Company
Our business, operating results, cash flows and financial
conditions are subject to various risks and uncertainties,
including, without limitation, those set forth below, any one of
which could cause our actual results to vary materially from
recent results or form our anticipated future results.
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We depend on our key personnel
Our success depends on our ability to attract and retain
executive officers, senior officers and company managers. There
is substantial competition for qualified personnel in the real
estate industry and the loss of several of our key personnel
could have an adverse effect on us.
Debt financing
At December 31, 2005, we had approximately
$1.35 billion of indebtedness (including
$186.7 million of variable rate indebtedness, of which
$152.7 million is subject to interest rate protection
agreements). We are subject to the risks normally associated
with debt financing, including the following:
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cash flow may not be sufficient to meet required payments of
principal and interest; |
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inability to refinance maturing indebtedness on encumbered
properties; |
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the terms of any refinancing may not be as favorable as the
terms of existing indebtedness; |
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inability to comply with debt covenants could cause an
acceleration of the maturity date; and |
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repaying debt before the scheduled maturity date could result in
prepayment penalties. |
Uncertainty of our ability to refinance balloon
payments.
As of December 31, 2005, we had approximately
$1.35 billion of mortgage debt, exchangeable bonds and line
of credit borrowings, most of which are subject to balloon
payments. We do not expect to have sufficient cash flows from
operations to make all of these balloon payments. These
mortgages, bonds and lines of credit borrowings have the
following scheduled principal and balloon payments:
2006-$26.2 million;
2007-$82.0 million;
2008-$155.7 million;
2009-$34.4 million;
2010-$159.3 million;
Thereafter-$872.2 million.
We may not be able to refinance such mortgage indebtedness,
bonds, or lines of credit. The properties subject to these
mortgages could be foreclosed upon or otherwise transferred to
the lender. This could cause us to lose income and asset value.
We may be required to refinance the debt at higher interest
rates or terms of such refinancing may not be as favorable as
the terms of existing indebtedness.
Debt financing on properties may result in insufficient
cash flow
Where possible, we intend to continue to use leverage to
increase the rate of return on our investments and to provide
for additional investments that we could not otherwise make.
There is a risk that the cash flow from our properties will be
insufficient to meet both debt payment obligations and the
distribution requirements of the real estate investment trust
provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. We may obtain
additional debt financing in the future, through mortgages on
some or all of the properties. These mortgages may be recourse,
non-recourse, or cross-collateralized.
As of December 31, 2005, Essex had 72 of its 120
consolidated multifamily properties encumbered by debt. Of the
72 properties, 53 are secured by deeds of trust relating solely
to those properties. With respect to the remaining 19
properties, there are 4 cross-collateralized mortgages secured
by 8 properties, 6 properties, 3 properties and 2 properties,
respectively. The holders of this indebtedness will have a claim
against these properties and, to the extent indebtedness is
cross-collateralized, lenders may seek to foreclose upon
properties, which are not the primary collateral for their loan.
This may accelerate other indebtedness secured by properties.
Foreclosure of properties would reduce our income and asset
value.
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Risk of rising interest rates
Current interest rates are at historic lows and could
potentially increase rapidly, which could result in higher
interest expense on our variable rate indebtedness. Prolonged
interest rate increases could negatively impact our ability to
make acquisitions and develop properties at economic returns on
investment and our ability to refinance existing borrowings at
acceptable rates.
As of December 31, 2005, we had approximately
$186.7 million of long-term variable rate indebtedness
bearing interest at floating rates tied to the rate of
short-term tax-exempt revenue bonds (which mature at various
dates from 2020 through 2034), and $25.0 million of
variable rate indebtedness under our lines of credit, bearing
interest at the Freddie Mac Reference Rate plus 0.55% to 0.59%.
Approximately $152.7 million of the long-term indebtedness
is subject to interest rate cap protection agreements, which may
reduce the risks associated with fluctuations in interest rates.
The remaining $34.0 million of long-term variable rate
indebtedness was not subject to any interest rate cap protection
agreements as of December 31, 2005. An increase in interest
rates may have an adverse effect on our net income and results
of operations.
Risk of losses on interest rate hedging arrangement
Periodically, we have entered into agreements to reduce the
risks associated with increases in interest rates, and may
continue to do so. Although these agreements may partially
protect against rising interest rates, they also may reduce the
benefits to us if interest rates decline. If a hedging
arrangement is not indexed to the same rate as the indebtedness
that is hedged, we may be exposed to losses to the extent that
the rate governing the indebtedness and the rate governing the
hedging arrangement change independently of each other. Finally,
nonperformance by the other party to the hedging arrangement may
subject us to increased credit risks. In order to minimize
counterparty credit risk, our policy is to enter into hedging
arrangements only with large financial institutions.
Bond compliance requirements may limit income from certain
properties
At December 31, 2005, we had approximately
$186.7 million of variable rate tax-exempt financing
relating to the Inglenook Court Apartments, Wandering Creek
Apartments, Treetops Apartments, Huntington Breakers Apartments,
Camarillo Oaks Apartments, Fountain Park, Anchor Village and
Parker Ranch Apartments. This tax-exempt financing subjects
these properties to certain deed restrictions and restrictive
covenants. We expect to engage in tax-exempt financings in the
future. In addition, the Internal Revenue Code and rules and
regulations thereunder impose various restrictions, conditions
and requirements excluding interest on qualified bond
obligations from gross income for federal income tax purposes.
The Internal Revenue Code also requires that at least 20% of
apartment units be made available to residents with gross
incomes that do not exceed a specified percentage, generally
50%, of the median income for the applicable family size as
determined by the Housing and Urban Development Department of
the federal government. In addition to federal requirements,
certain state and local authorities may impose additional rental
restrictions. These restrictions may limit income from the
tax-exempt financed properties if we are required to lower
rental rates to attract residents who satisfy the median income
test. If Essex does not reserve the required number of apartment
homes for residents satisfying these income requirements, the
tax-exempt status of the bonds may be terminated, the
obligations under the bond documents may be accelerated and we
may be subject to additional contractual liability.
Adverse effect to property income and value due to general
real estate investment risks
Real property investments are subject to a variety of risks. The
yields available from equity investments in real estate depend
on the amount of income generated and expenses incurred. If the
properties do not generate sufficient income to meet operating
expenses, including debt service and capital expenditures, cash
flow and the ability to make distributions to stockholders will
be adversely affected. The performance of the economy in each of
the areas in which the properties are located affects occupancy,
market rental rates and expenses. Consequently, the income from
the properties and their underlying values may be impacted. The
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financial results of major local employers may have an impact on
the cash flow and value of certain of the properties as well.
Income from the properties may be further adversely affected by,
among other things, the following factors:
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the general economic climate; |
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local economic conditions in which the properties are located,
such as oversupply of housing or a reduction in demand for
rental housing; |
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the attractiveness of the properties to tenants; |
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competition from other available space; and |
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Essexs ability to provide for adequate maintenance and
insurance. |
As leases on the properties expire, tenants may enter into new
leases on terms that are less favorable to us. Income and real
estate values also may be adversely affected by such factors as
applicable laws (e.g., the Americans With Disabilities Act of
1990, tax laws and environmental laws), interest rate levels and
the availability and terms of financing. Real estate investments
are relatively illiquid and, therefore, our ability to vary our
portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other
conditions may be quite limited.
Economic environment and impact on operating
results
The national economy and the economies of the western states in
markets where we operate can impact our operating results. Some
of these markets are concentrated in high-tech sectors, which
have experienced economic downturns, and could again in the
future. Our property type and diverse geographic locations
provide some degree of risk mitigation. However, we are not
immune to prolonged economic downturns. Although we believe we
are well positioned to meet these challenges, it is possible a
reduction in rental rates, occupancy levels, property valuations
and increases in operating costs such as advertising, turnover
and repair and maintenance expense could occur in the event of
economic uncertainty.
Risk of inflation/deflation
Substantial inflationary or deflationary pressures could have a
negative effect on rental rates and property operating expenses.
Risks that acquisitions will fail to meet
expectations
We intend to continue to acquire multifamily residential
properties. However, there are risks that acquisitions will fail
to meet our expectations. Our estimates of future income,
expenses and the costs of improvements or redevelopment that are
necessary to allow us to market an acquired property as
originally intended may prove to be inaccurate. We expect to
finance future acquisitions, in whole or in part, under various
forms of secured or unsecured financing or through the issuance
of partnership units by the Operating Partnership or related
partnerships or additional equity by Essex. The use of equity
financing, rather than debt, for future developments or
acquisitions could dilute the interest of Essexs existing
stockholders. If we finance new acquisitions under existing
lines of credit, there is a risk that, unless we obtain
substitute financing, Essex may not be able to secure further
lines of credit for new development or such lines of credit may
be not available on advantageous terms.
Risks that development activities will be delayed, not
completed, and/or not achieve expected results
Our development activities may be delayed, not completed or not
achieve expected returns which may reduce the funds available
for distribution to Essexs stockholders. Further, the
development of properties is also subject to the general risks
associated with real estate investments. For further information
regarding these risks, please see Adverse Effect to
Property Income and Value Due to General Real Estate Investment
Risks.
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We pursue multifamily residential property development projects
and these projects generally require various governmental and
other approvals, which have no assurance of being received. Our
development activities generally entail certain risks, including
the following:
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funds may be expended and managements time devoted to
projects that may not be completed; |
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construction costs of a project may exceed original estimates,
possibly making the project economically unfeasible; |
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development projects may be delayed due to, without limitation,
adverse weather conditions, labor shortages, or unforeseen
complications; |
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occupancy rates and rents at a completed project may be less
than anticipated; and |
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costs at a completed development may be higher than anticipated. |
The geographic concentration of our properties and
fluctuations in local markets may adversely impact our financial
condition and operating results
We generated significant amounts of rental revenues for the year
ended December 31, 2005 from properties concentrated in
Southern California (Los Angeles, Ventura, Orange,
San Diego and Riverside counties), Northern California (the
San Francisco Bay Area), and the Pacific Northwest (the
Seattle, Washington and Portland, Oregon metropolitan areas). As
of December 31, 2005, more than half (73%) of our
properties were located in California. This geographic
concentration could present risks if local property market
performance falls below expectations. The economic condition of
these markets could affect occupancy, market rental rates, and
expenses, as well as impact the income generated from our
properties and their underlying asset values. The financial
results of major local employers also may impact the cash flow
and value of certain of the Properties. This could have a
negative impact on our financial condition and operating
results, which could affect our ability to pay expected
dividends to our stockholders.
Competition in the multifamily residential market may
adversely affect operations and the rental demand for our
properties
There are numerous housing alternatives that compete with our
multifamily properties in attracting residents. These include
other multifamily rental apartments and single-family homes that
are available for rent in the markets in which the properties
are located. Our properties also compete for residents with new
and existing homes and condominiums that are for sale. If the
demand for our properties is reduced or if competitors develop
and/or acquire competing properties on a more cost-effective
basis, rental rates may drop, which may have a material adverse
affect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We also face competition from other real estate investment
trusts, businesses and other entities in the acquisition,
development and operation of properties. Some of the competitors
are larger and have greater financial resources than we do. This
competition may result in increased costs of properties we
acquire and/or develop.
Dividend requirements as a result of preferred stock may
lead to a possible inability to sustain dividends
We have Series F Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock
(Series F Preferred Stock) with an aggregate
liquidation preference of approximately $25 million
outstanding. In addition, we are required under limited
conditions to issue Series B Cumulative Redeemable
Preferred Stock (Series B Preferred Stock) with
an aggregate liquidation preference of $80 million and
Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock
(Series D Preferred Stock) with an aggregate
liquidation preference of $50 million in each case in
exchange for outstanding preferred interests in the Operating
Partnership. The terms of the Series B, D, F and G
Preferred Stock provide for certain cumulative preferential cash
distributions per each share of preferred stock.
These terms also provide that while such preferred stock is
outstanding, we cannot authorize, declare, or pay any
distributions on our common stock, unless all distributions
accumulated on all shares of such
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preferred stock have been paid in full. Our failure to pay
distributions on such preferred stock will impair our ability to
pay dividends on our common stock. Our credit agreement limits
our ability to pay dividends on our preferred stock if we fail
to satisfy a fixed charge coverage ratio.
If Essex wishes to issue any common stock in the future
(including, upon exercise of stock options), the funds required
to continue to pay cash dividends at current levels will be
increased. Essexs ability to pay dividends will depend
largely upon the performance of our current properties and other
properties that may be acquired or developed in the future.
If Essex cannot pay dividends on its common stock, Essexs
status as a real estate investment trust may be jeopardized. Our
ability to pay dividends on our common stock is further limited
by the Maryland General Corporation Law. Under the Maryland
General Corporation Law, Essex may not make a distribution on
stock if, after giving effect to such distribution, either:
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we would not be able to pay our indebtedness as it becomes due
in the usual course of business; or |
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our total assets would be less than our total liabilities. |
Resale of shares pursuant to our effective registration
statement may have an adverse effect on the market price of the
shares
Pursuant to the acquisition of John M. Sachs, Inc., a real
estate company, in December 2002, we issued
2,719,875 shares of common stock, as partial consideration
for the acquisition, to the trusts that were the shareholders of
that company. In connection with the acquisition, Essex entered
into a registration rights agreement with these trusts, pursuant
to which in January 2003 we filed a registration statement on
Form S-3 in order
to enable the resale of these shares of common stock. In an
amendment to this registration statement filed in April 2003, we
also registered, pursuant to certain registration rights,
50,000 shares of common stock which are issuable to the
trusts in connection with certain contractual obligations and
2,270,490 shares of common stock which are issuable upon
exchange of limited partnership interests in the Operating
Partnership. These limited partnership interests are held by
senior members of our management, certain members of our Board
of Directors and certain outside investors, or the Operating
Partnership holders, and comprise approximately 9.6% of the
limited partnership interests of the Operating Partnership as of
December 31, 2005. In the 2003 registration statement, we
registered, pursuant to certain registration rights,
1,473,125 shares of common stock, which are issuable upon
redemption of all of the limited partnership interests in such
real estate partnerships. In total, this 2003 registration
statement covers in aggregate 6,513,490 shares of our
common stock. In January 2006, we filed registration statements
that cover (1) the resale of up to 142,076 shares
issuable in connection with our Waterford and Vista Belvedere
acquisitions and (2) the resale of shares issuable in
connection with the exchange rights of our 3.625% Senior
Exchangeable Notes, as to which there is a principal amount of
$225 million outstanding. The resale of the shares of
common stock pursuant to these various registration statements
may have an adverse effect on the market price of our shares.
The exchange and repurchase rights of Exchangeable Senior
Notes may be detrimental to holders of common stock
The Operating Partnership has $225 million principal amount
of 3.625% Exchangeable Senior Notes (the Notes)
outstanding which mature on November 1, 2025. The Notes are
exchangeable into our common shares on or after November 1,
2020 or prior to November 1, 2020 under certain
circumstances. The Notes are redeemable at our option for cash
at any time on or after November 4, 2010 and are subject to
repurchase for cash at the option of the holder on
November 1st in the years 2010, 2015 and 2020, or upon
the occurrence of certain events. The Notes are senior unsecured
and unsubordinated obligations of the Operating Partnership. The
exchange of Notes for common stock would dilute stockholder
ownership in Essex, and could adversely affect the market price
of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise
capital through the sale of additional equity securities. If the
Notes are not exchanged, the repurchase rights of holders of the
Notes may discourage or impede transactions that might otherwise
be in the interest of holders
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of common stock. Further, these repurchase rights might be
triggered in situations where we need to conserve our cash
reserves, in which event such repurchase might adversely affect
us and our common holders.
Our Chairman is involved in other real estate activities
and investments, which may lead to conflicts of interest
Our Chairman, George M. Marcus is not an employee of Essex, and
is involved in other real estate activities and investments,
which may lead to conflicts of interest. Mr. Marcus owns
interests in various other real estate-related businesses and
investments. He is the Chairman of The Marcus &
Millichap Company, or TMMC, which is a holding
company for certain real estate brokerage and services
companies. TMMC has an interest in Pacific Property Company, a
company that invests in West Coast multifamily residential
properties. In 1999 we sold an office building to TMMC, which
Essex previously occupied as its corporate headquarters.
Mr. Marcus has agreed not to divulge any information that
may be received by him in his capacity as Chairman of Essex to
any of his affiliated companies and that he will abstain his
vote on any and all resolutions by the Essex Board of Directors
regarding any proposed acquisition and/or development of a
multifamily property where it appears that there may be a
conflict of interest with any of his affiliated companies.
Notwithstanding this agreement, Mr. Marcus and his
affiliated entities may potentially compete with us in acquiring
and/or developing multifamily properties, which competition may
be detrimental to us. In addition, due to such potential
competition for real estate investments, Mr. Marcus and his
affiliated entities may have a conflict of interest with us,
which may be detrimental to the interests of Essexs
stockholders.
The influence of executive officers, directors and
significant stockholders may be detrimental to holders of common
stock
As of December 31, 2005, George M. Marcus, the Chairman of
our Board of Directors, wholly or partially owned
1,752,111 shares of common stock (including shares issuable
upon exchange of limited partnership interests in the Operating
Partnership and certain other partnerships and assuming exercise
of all vested options). This represents approximately 7.6% of
the outstanding shares of our common stock. Mr. Marcus
currently does not have majority control over us. However, he
currently has, and likely will continue to have, significant
influence with respect to the election of directors and approval
or disapproval of significant corporate actions. Consequently,
his influence could result in decisions that do not reflect the
interests of all our stockholders.
Under the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership,
the consent of the holders of limited partnership interests is
generally required for any amendment of the agreement and for
certain extraordinary actions. Through their ownership of
limited partnership interests and their positions with us, our
directors and executive officers, including Mr. Marcus and
Mr. William A. Millichap, a director of Essex, have
substantial influence on us. Consequently, their influence could
result in decisions that do not reflect the interests of all
stockholders.
The voting rights of preferred stock may allow holders of
preferred stock to impede actions that otherwise benefit holders
of common stock
In general, the holders of our preferred stock do not have any
voting rights. However, if full distributions are not made on
any outstanding preferred stock for six quarterly distributions
periods, the holders of preferred stock who have not received
distributions, voting together as a single class, will have the
right to elect two additional directors to serve on our Board of
Directors. These voting rights continue until all distributions
in arrears and distributions for the current quarterly period on
the preferred stock have been paid in full. At that time, the
holders of the preferred stock are divested of these voting
rights, and the term and office of the directors so elected
immediately terminates.
S-17
These voting rights of the preferred stock may allow holders of
preferred stock to impede or veto actions that would otherwise
benefit the holders of our common stock. While any shares of our
preferred stock are outstanding, Essex may not, without the
consent of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares
of each series of preferred stock, each voting separately as a
single class;
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authorize or create any class of series of stock that ranks
senior to such preferred stock with respect to the payment of
dividends, rights upon liquidation, dissolution or
winding-up of our
business; |
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amend, alter or repeal the provisions of Essexs Charter or
Bylaws, that would materially and adversely affect the rights of
such series of preferred stock; or |
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in the case of the preferred stock into which our preferred
units are exchangeable, merge or consolidate with another entity
or transfer substantially all of its assets to another entity,
except if such preferred stock remains outstanding with the
surviving entity and has the same terms and in certain other
circumstances. |
The redemption rights of the Series B preferred
units, Series D preferred units and Series F preferred
stock may be detrimental to holders of Essex common stock
Upon the occurrence of one of the following events, the terms of
the Operating Partnerships Series B and D Preferred
Units require it to redeem all of such units and the terms of
Essexs Series F Preferred Stock provide the holders
of the majority of the outstanding Series F Preferred Stock
the right to require Essex to redeem all of such stock:
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Essex completes a going private transaction and its
common stock is no longer registered under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; |
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Essex completes a consolidation or merger or sale of
substantially all of its assets and the surviving entitys
debt securities do not possess an investment grade
rating; or |
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Essex fails to qualify as a REIT. |
The aggregate redemption price of the Series B Preferred
Units would be $80 million, the aggregate redemption price
of the Series D Preferred Units would be $50 million
and the aggregate redemption price of the Series F
Preferred Stock would be $25 million, plus, in each case,
any accumulated distributions.
These redemption rights may discourage or impede transactions
that might otherwise be in the interest of holders of common
stock. Further, these redemption rights might trigger situations
where Essex needs to conserve its cash reserves, in which event
such redemption might adversely affect Essex and its common
holders.
Maryland business combination law may not allow certain
transactions between Essex and its affiliates to proceed without
compliance with such law
The Maryland General Corporation Law establishes special
requirements for business combinations between a
Maryland corporation and interested stockholders
unless exemptions are applicable. An interested stockholder is
any person who beneficially owns ten percent or more of the
voting power of the then-outstanding voting stock.
The law also requires a supermajority stockholder vote for such
transactions. This means that the transaction must be approved
by at least:
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80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding
voting shares; and |
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66% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding
voting shares other than shares held by the interested
stockholder with whom the business combination is to be effected. |
However, as permitted by the statute, the Board of Directors of
Essex irrevocably has elected to exempt any business combination
by us, George M. Marcus, William A. Millichap, who are the
chairman and a director of Essex, respectively, and TMMC or any
entity owned or controlled by Messrs. Marcus and
S-18
Millichap and TMMC. Consequently, the super-majority vote
requirement described above will not apply to any business
combination between us and Mr. Marcus, Mr. Millichap,
or TMMC. As a result, we may in the future enter into business
combinations with Messrs. Marcus and Millichap and TMMC,
without compliance with the super-majority vote requirements and
other provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law.
Anti-takeover provisions contained in the Operating
Partnership agreement, charter, bylaws, and certain provisions
of Maryland law could delay, defer or prevent a change in
control
While Essex is the sole general partner of the Operating
Partnership, and generally has full and exclusive responsibility
and discretion in the management and control of the Operating
Partnership, certain provisions of the Operating Partnership
agreement place limitations on Essexs ability to act with
respect to the Operating Partnership. Such limitations could
delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control
that might involve a premium price for our stock or otherwise be
in the best interest of the stockholders or that could otherwise
adversely affect the interest of Essexs stockholders. The
partnership agreement provides that if the limited partners own
at least 5% of the outstanding partnership units in the
Operating Partnership, Essex cannot, without first obtaining the
consent of a
majority-in-interest of
the limited partners in the Operating Partnership, transfer all
or any portion of our general partner interest in the Operating
Partnership to another entity. Such limitations on Essexs
ability to act may result in our being precluded from taking
action that the Board of Directors believes is in the best
interests of Essexs stockholders. As of December 31,
2005, George M. Marcus held or controlled more than 50% of the
outstanding units of limited partnership interest in the
Operating Partnership, allowing such actions to be blocked the
limited partner.
Essexs Charter authorizes the issuance of additional
shares of common stock or preferred stock and the setting of the
preferences, rights and other terms of such preferred stock
without the approval of the holders of the common stock. We may
establish one or more series of preferred stock that could
delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control.
Such a transaction might involve a premium price for our stock
or otherwise be in the best interests of the holders of common
stock. Also, such a class of preferred stock could have
dividend, voting or other rights that could adversely affect the
interest of holders of common stock.
Essexs Charter, as well as Essexs stockholder rights
plan, contains other provisions that may delay, defer or prevent
a transaction or a change in control that might be in the best
interest of Essexs stockholders. Essexs stockholder
rights plan is designed, among other things, to prevent a person
or group from gaining control of us without offering a fair
price to all of Essexs stockholders. The Bylaws may be
amended by the Board of Directors to include provisions that
would have a similar effect, although Essex presently has no
such intention. The Charter contains ownership provisions
limiting the transferability and ownership of shares of capital
stock, which may have the effect of delaying, deferring or
preventing a transaction or a change in control. For example,
subject to receiving an exemption from the Board of Directors,
potential acquirers may not purchase more than 6% in value of
the stock (other than qualified pension trusts which can acquire
9.9%). This may discourage tender offers that may be attractive
to the holders of common stock and limit the opportunity for
stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of common
stock.
The Maryland General Corporations Law restricts the voting
rights of shares deemed to be control shares.
Under the Maryland General Corporations Law, control
shares are those which, when aggregated with any other
shares held by the acquirer, entitle the acquirer to exercise
voting power within specified ranges. Although the Bylaws exempt
Essex from the control share provisions of the Maryland General
Corporations Law, the Board of Directors may amend or eliminate
the provisions of the Bylaws at any time in the future.
Moreover, any such amendment or elimination of such provision of
the Bylaws may result in the application of the control share
provisions of the Maryland General Corporations Law not only to
control shares which may be acquired in the future, but also to
control shares previously acquired. If the provisions of the
Bylaws are amended or eliminated, the control share provisions
of the Maryland General Corporations Law could delay, defer or
prevent a transaction or change in control that might involve a
premium price for the stock or otherwise be in the best
interests of Essexs stockholders.
S-19
Essexs joint ventures and joint ownership of
properties and partial interests in corporations and limited
partnerships could limit Essexs ability to control such
Properties and partial interests
Instead of purchasing properties directly, we have invested and
may continue to invest as a co-venturer. Joint venturers often
have shared control over the operation of the joint venture
assets. Therefore, it is possible that the co-venturer in an
investment might become bankrupt, or have economic or business
interests or goals that are inconsistent with our business
interests or goals, or be in a position to take action contrary
to our instructions or requests, or our policies or objectives.
Consequently, a co-venturers actions might subject
property owned by the joint venture to additional risk. Although
we seek to maintain sufficient influence of any joint venture to
achieve its objectives, we may be unable to take action without
our joint venture partners approval, or joint venture
partners could take actions binding on the joint venture without
consent. Should a joint venture partner become bankrupt, we
could become liable for such partners share of joint
venture liabilities.
From time to time, we, through the Operating Partnership, invest
in corporations, limited partnerships, limited liability
companies or other entities that have been formed for the
purpose of acquiring, developing or managing real property. In
certain circumstances, the Operating Partnerships interest
in a particular entity may be less than a majority of the
outstanding voting interests of that entity. Therefore, the
Operating Partnerships ability to control the daily
operations of such an entity may be limited. Furthermore, the
Operating Partnership may not have the power to remove a
majority of the board of directors (in the case of a
corporation) or the general partner or partners (in the case of
a limited partnership) of such an entity in the event that its
operations conflict with the Operating Partnerships
objectives. The Operating Partnership may not be able to dispose
of its interests in such an entity. In the event that such an
entity becomes insolvent, the Operating Partnership may lose up
to its entire investment in and any advances to the entity. We
have and in the future may enter into transactions that could
require us to pay the tax liabilities of partners, which
contribute assets into joint ventures or the Operating
Partnership, in the event that certain taxable events, which are
within our control, occur. Although we plan to hold the
contributed assets or defer recognition of gain on their sale
pursuant to the like-kind exchange rules under Section 1031
of the Internal Revenue Code, we can provide no assurance that
we will be able to do so and if such tax liabilities were
incurred they can expect to have a material impact on our
financial position.
Dedicated investment activities and other factors
specifically related to Fund II
Fund II involves risks to us such as the following:
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our partners in Fund II might remove Essex as the general
partner of Fund II; |
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our partners in Fund II might become bankrupt (in which
event we might become generally liable for the liabilities of
Fund II); |
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have economic or business interests or goals that are
inconsistent with our business interests or goals; |
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fail to fund capital commitments as contractually
required; or |
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fail to approve decisions regarding Fund II that are in our
best interest. |
We will, however, generally seek to maintain sufficient
influence over Fund II to permit it to achieve its business
objectives.
Investments in mortgages and other real estate
securities
We may invest in securities related to real estate, which could
adversely affect our ability to make distributions to
stockholders. We may purchase securities issued by entities,
which own real estate and invest in mortgages or unsecured debt
obligations. These mortgages may be first, second or third
mortgages that
S-20
may or may not be insured or otherwise guaranteed. In general,
investments in mortgages include the following risks:
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that the value of mortgaged property may be less than the
amounts owed, causing realized or unrealized losses; |
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the borrower may not pay indebtedness under the mortgage when
due, requiring us to foreclose, and the amount recovered in
connection with the foreclosure may be less than the amount owed; |
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that interest rates payable on the mortgages may be lower than
our cost of funds; and |
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in the case of junior mortgages, that foreclosure of a senior
mortgage would eliminate the junior mortgage. |
If any of the above were to occur, cash flows from operations
and our ability to make expected dividends to stockholders could
be adversely affected.
Possible environmental liabilities
Under various federal, state and local laws, ordinances and
regulations, an owner or operator of real estate is liable for
the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous or
toxic substances on, in, to or migrating from such property.
Such laws often impose liability without regard as to whether
the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the
presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. The presence of
such substances, or the failure to properly remediate such
substances, may adversely affect the owners or
operators ability to sell or rent such property or to
borrow using such property as collateral. Persons exposed to
such substances, either through soil vapor or ingestion of the
substances may claim personal injury damages. Persons who
arrange for the disposal or treatment of hazardous or toxic
substances or wastes also may be liable for the costs of removal
or remediation of such substances at the disposal or treatment
facility to which such substances or wastes were sent, whether
or not such facility is owned or operated by such person.
Certain environmental laws impose liability for release of
asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) into the air,
and third parties may seek recovery from owners or operators of
real properties for personal injury associated with ACMs. In
connection with the ownership (direct or indirect), operation,
management and development of real properties, the Company could
be considered an owner or operator of such properties or as
having arranged for the disposal or treatment of hazardous or
toxic substances and, therefore, may be potentially liable for
removal or remediation costs, as well as certain other costs,
including governmental fines and costs related to injuries of
persons and property.
Investments in real property create a potential for
environmental liabilities on the part of the owner of such real
property. We carry certain limited insurance coverage for this
type of environmental risk. We have conducted environmental
studies which revealed the presence of groundwater contamination
at certain properties. Such contamination at certain of these
properties was reported to have migrated
on-site from adjacent
industrial manufacturing operations. The former industrial users
of the properties were identified as the source of
contamination. The environmental studies noted that certain
properties are located adjacent to any possible down gradient
from sites with known groundwater contamination, the lateral
limits of which may extend onto such properties. The
environmental studies also noted that at certain of these
properties, contamination existed because of the presence of
underground fuel storage tanks, which have been removed. In
general, in connection with the ownership, operation, financing,
management and development of real properties, we may be
potentially liable for removal or
clean-up costs, as well
as certain other costs and environmental liabilities. We may
also be subject to governmental fines and costs related to
injuries to persons and property.
Recently there has been an increasing number of lawsuits against
owners and managers of multifamily properties alleging personal
injury and property damage caused by the presence of mold in
residential real estate. Some of these lawsuits have resulted in
substantial monetary judgments or settlements. Essex has been
sued for mold related matters and has settled some, but not all,
such matters, which matters remain unresolved and pending.
Insurance carriers have reacted to mold related liability awards
by excluding mold related claims from standard policies and
pricing mold endorsements at prohibitively high rates. Essex has,
S-21
however, purchased pollution liability insurance, which includes
limited coverage for mold, although the insurance may not cover
all pending or future mold claims. Essex has adopted programs
designed to manage the existence of mold in its properties as
well as guidelines for promptly addressing and resolving reports
of mold to minimize any impact mold might have on residents or
the property. Essex cannot assure you that it will not be sued
in the future for mold related matters not can it assure you
that the liabilities resulting from such current or future mold
related matters will not be substantial. The costs of carrying
insurance to address potential mold related claims may also be
substantial.
California has enacted legislation commonly referred to as
Proposition 65 requiring that clear and
reasonable warnings be given to consumers who are exposed
to chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer or
reproductive toxicity, including tobacco smoke. Although we have
sought to comply with Proposition 65 requirements, we cannot
assure you that we will not be adversely affected by litigation
relating to Proposition 65.
Methane gas is a naturally-occurring gas that is commonly found
below the surface in several areas, particularly in the Southern
California coastal areas. Methane is a non-toxic gas, but can be
ignitable in confined spaces. Although naturally-occurring,
methane gas is not regulated at the state or federal level, some
local governments, such as the County of Los Angeles, have
imposed requirements that new buildings install detection
systems in areas where methane gas is known to be located.
Methane gas is also associated with certain industrial
activities, such as former municipal waste landfills. Radon is
also a naturally-occurring gas that is found below the surface.
Essex cannot assure you that it will not be adversely affected
by costs related to its compliance with methane gas related
requirements or litigation costs related to methane or radon gas.
Except with respect to three Properties, the Company has no
indemnification agreements from third parties for potential
environmental clean-up
costs at its Properties. The Company has no way of determining
at this time the magnitude of any potential liability to which
it may be subject arising out of unknown environmental
conditions or violations with respect to the properties formerly
owned by the Company. No assurance can be given that existing
environmental studies with respect to any of the Properties
reveal all environmental liabilities, that any prior owner or
operator of a Property did not create any material environmental
condition not known to the Company, or that a material
environmental condition does not exist as to any one or more of
the Properties. The Company has limited insurance coverage for
the types of environmental liabilities described above.
General uninsured losses
We have a comprehensive insurance program covering our property
and operating activities. There are, however, certain types of
extraordinary losses for which we may not have insurance.
Accordingly, we may sustain uninsured losses due to insurance
deductibles, self-insured retention, uninsured claims or
casualties, or losses in excess of applicable coverage.
Changes in real estate tax and other laws
Generally we do not directly pass through costs resulting from
changes in real estate tax laws to residential property tenants.
We also do not generally pass through increases in income,
service or other taxes, to tenants under leases. These costs may
adversely affect funds from operations and the ability to make
distributions to stockholders. Similarly, compliance with
changes in (i) laws increasing the potential liability for
environmental conditions existing on properties or the
restrictions on discharges or other conditions or (ii) rent
control or rent stabilization laws or other laws regulating
housing may result in significant unanticipated expenditures,
which would adversely affect funds from operations and the
ability to make distributions to stockholders.
S-22
Changes in financing policy; no limitation on debt
We have adopted a policy of maintaining a
debt-to-total-market-capitalization
ratio of less than 50%. The calculation of
debt-to-total-market-capitalization
is as follows: total property indebtedness divided by the sum of
total property indebtedness plus total equity market
capitalization. As used in this calculation, total equity market
capitalization is equal to the aggregate market value of the
outstanding shares of common stock (based on the greater of
current market price or the gross proceeds per share from public
offerings of the outstanding shares plus any undistributed net
cash flow), assuming the conversion of all limited partnership
interests in the Operating Partnership into shares of common
stock and the gross proceeds of the preferred units. Based on
this calculation (including the current market price and
excluding undistributed net cash flow), our
debt-to-total-market-capitalization
ratio was approximately 35% as of December 31, 2005.
Our organizational documents do not limit the amount or
percentage of indebtedness that may be incurred. Accordingly,
the Board of Directors of Essex could change current policies
and the policies of the Operating Partnership regarding
indebtedness. If we changed these policies, we could incur more
debt, resulting in an increased risk of default on our
obligations and the obligations of the Operating Partnership,
and an increase in debt service requirements that could
adversely affect our financial condition and results of
operations. Such increased debt could exceed the underlying
value of the Properties.
We are subject to certain tax risks
Essex has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal
Revenue Code. Essexs qualification as a REIT requires it
to satisfy numerous requirements (some on an annual and
quarterly basis) established under highly technical and complex
Internal Revenue Code provisions for which there are only
limited judicial or administrative interpretations, and involves
the determination of various factual matters and circumstances
not entirely within Essexs control. Although Essex intends
that its current organization and method of operation enable it
to qualify as a REIT, it cannot assure you that it so qualifies
or that it will be able to remain so qualified in the future.
Future legislation, new regulations, administrative
interpretations or court decisions (any of which could have
retroactive effect) could adversely affect Essexs ability
to qualify as a REIT or adversely affect its stockholders. If it
fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, Essex would be
subject to U.S. federal income tax (including any
applicable alternative minimum tax) on its taxable income at
corporate rates, and would not be allowed to deduct dividends
paid to its shareholders in computing its taxable income. Essex
may also be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four
taxable years following the year in which it failed to qualify.
The additional tax liability would reduce its net earnings
available for investment or distribution to stockholders, and it
would no longer be required to make distributions to its
stockholders. Even if Essex continues to qualify as a REIT, it
will continue to be subject to certain federal, state and local
taxes on its income and property.
Essex has established several taxable REIT subsidiaries. Despite
Essexs qualification as a REIT, its taxable REIT
subsidiaries must pay U.S. federal income tax on their
taxable income. While Essex will attempt to ensure that its
dealings with its taxable REIT subsidiaries will not adversely
affect its REIT qualification, it cannot provide assurance that
it will successfully achieve that result. Furthermore, Essex may
be subject to a 100% penalty tax, or its taxable REIT
subsidiaries may be denied deductions, to the extent its
dealings with its taxable REIT subsidiaries are not deemed to be
arms length in nature. No assurances can be given that
Essexs dealings with its taxable REIT subsidiaries will be
arms length in nature.
From time to time, we may transfer or otherwise dispose of some
of our Properties. Under the Internal Revenue Code, any gain
resulting from transfers of Properties that we hold as inventory
or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of
business would be treated as income from a prohibited
transaction subject to a 100% penalty tax. Since we acquire
properties for investment purposes, we do not believe that our
occasional transfers or disposals of property are prohibited
transactions. However, whether property is held for investment
purposes is a question of fact that depends on all the facts and
circumstances surrounding the particular transaction. The
Internal Revenue Service may contend that certain transfers or
disposals of properties by us are prohibited transactions. If
the Internal Revenue Service were to argue successfully that a
transfer or disposition of property constituted a prohibited
transaction, then Essex would be required to pay a
S-23
100% penalty tax on any gain allocable to Essex from the
prohibited transaction and Essexs ability to retain future
gains on real property sales may be jeopardized. Income from a
prohibited transaction might adversely affect Essexs
ability to satisfy the income tests for qualification as a REIT
for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Therefore, no
assurances can be given that Essex will be able to satisfy the
income tests for qualification as a REIT.
S-24
USE OF PROCEEDS
We expect that the net proceeds from this offering will be
approximately
$ ,
after deducting offering expenses payable by us and assuming the
underwriter does not exercise its over-allotment option to
purchase up
to shares
of our Series G Preferred Stock. We expect to use the net
proceeds of the offering to pay down outstanding borrowings
under its lines of credit, which bore interest at a blended rate
of 5.76% for the quarter ended June 30, 2006, fund the
development pipeline and for general corporate purposes.
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
The following table sets forth our ratio of earnings to fixed
charges for the periods shown:
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Quarter Ended | |
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March 31, | |
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Year Ended December 31, | |
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2006 | |
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2005 | |
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2004 | |
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2003 | |
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2002 | |
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2001 | |
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Ratio of earnings to fixed charges (excluding preferred return
and preferred unit dividends) |
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1.59 |
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1.85 |
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2.44 |
x |
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1.94 |
x |
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2.17 |
x |
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2.45x |
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The ratios of earnings to fixed charges was computed by dividing
earnings by fixed charges. For this purpose, earnings consist of
net income from continuing operations before minority interest
and fixed charges. Fixed charges consist of interest expense
(including interest costs capitalized) and the amortization of
debt issuance costs.
The above ratios from January 1, 2002 through
December 31, 2003 reflect the retroactive adoption of
FIN 46R and SFAS 123. The above ratio for 2001 has not
been restated to reflect the retroactive adoption of
FIN 46R and SFAS 123. Because 2001 results have not
been restated, the results for that period may not be comparable
to the results for the later periods set forth above. The above
ratios from January 1, 2002 through December 31, 2004
have been reclassified to reflect discontinued operations for
properties sold subsequent to December 31, 2004. The ratio
for 2001 has not been restated. Because 2001 results have not
been restated, the results for that period may not be comparable
to the results for the later periods set forth above.
S-25
PRICE RANGE OF ESSEX PROPERTY
TRUST, INC. SHARES OF COMMON STOCK
Essexs common shares are listed on the New York Stock
Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol ESS.
Price Range
Essexs common shares have been traded on the NYSE since
June 13, 1994. The high and low price per share of common
stock, as reported on the NYSE, for the quarters indicated are
as follows:
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Quarter Ended |
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Low | |
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September 30, 2006 (through July 19, 2006)
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$ |
117,74 |
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$ |
111.54 |
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June 30, 2006
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$ |
111.90 |
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$ |
100.90 |
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March 31, 2006
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$ |
111.10 |
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$ |
92.10 |
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December 31, 2005
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$ |
93.44 |
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$ |
80.35 |
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September 30, 2005
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$ |
93.14 |
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$ |
82.86 |
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June 30, 2005
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$ |
86.13 |
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$ |
68.50 |
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March 31, 2005
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$ |
84.32 |
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$ |
68.56 |
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December 31, 2004
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$ |
85.43 |
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$ |
71.65 |
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September 30, 2004
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$ |
75.31 |
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$ |
64.89 |
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June 30, 2004
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$ |
69.73 |
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$ |
58.15 |
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March 31, 2004
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$ |
66.64 |
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$ |
60.65 |
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Dividends and Distributions
Since its initial public offering on June 13, 1994, Essex
has paid regular quarterly dividends to its stockholders. Essex
has paid the following dividends per share of common stock for
the periods indicated below
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Quarter Ended |
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2003 | |
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2004 | |
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2005 | |
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2006 | |
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| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
March 31
|
|
$ |
0.7800 |
|
|
$ |
0.7900 |
|
|
$ |
0.8100 |
|
|
$ |
0.8400 |
|
June 30
|
|
$ |
0.7800 |
|
|
$ |
0.7900 |
|
|
$ |
0.8100 |
|
|
|
|
|
September 30
|
|
$ |
0.7800 |
|
|
$ |
0.7900 |
|
|
$ |
0.8100 |
|
|
|
|
|
December 31
|
|
$ |
0.7800 |
|
|
$ |
0.7900 |
|
|
$ |
0.8100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Future distributions by Essex will be at the discretion of its
Board of Directors and will depend on the actual funds from
operations of Essex, its financial condition, capital
requirements, the annual distribution requirements under the
REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, applicable legal
restrictions and such other factors as Essexs Board of
Directors deems relevant. There are currently no contractual
restrictions on Essexs present or future ability to pay
dividends.
S-26
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK
This description of the particular terms of the Series G
Preferred Stock supplements, and to the extent inconsistent
therewith replaces, the description of the general terms and
provisions of our preferred stock set forth in the accompanying
prospectus, to which description reference is hereby made.
General
As of March 31, 2006, the total number of shares of all
classes of capital stock that Essex had authority to issue was
1,000,000,000 shares, consisting of 655,682,178 Essex
common shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share,
14,317,822 shares of preferred stock, par value
$0.0001 per share, and 330,000,000 shares of excess
stock.
As of March 31, 2006, there were 22,889,971 Essex common
shares issued and outstanding. Up to 1,375,400 shares of
common stock have been reserved for issuance under Essex
Property Trust, Inc. 1994 Stock Incentive Plan and up to
406,500 shares of common stock have been reserved for
issuance under Essex Property Trust, Inc. 1994 Employee Stock
Purchase Plan. In addition, as of March 31, 2006, an
aggregate of 2,293,978 shares of common stock may be issued
upon the exchange of outstanding limited partnership interests
in the Operating Partnership and an additional
182,104 shares of common stock would be issuable in
exchange for non-forfeitable Series Z and Z-1 Incentive
Units in the Operating Partnership, subject to meeting certain
requirements with respect to the Series Z and Z-1 Incentive
Units program. In addition, certain partners in limited
partnerships in which the Operating Partnership has invested,
have the right to have their limited partnership interests in
such partnership redeemed for cash or, at our option, for an
aggregate of 1,342,975 shares of common stock. In addition,
as of March 31, 2005, there were 1,000,000 shares of
Essexs 7.8125% Series F Cumulative Preferred Stock
issued and outstanding.
Our board of directors has adopted articles supplementary to our
charter relating to up
to shares
of %
Series G Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock. The
offering of our Series G Preferred Stock relates
to shares
of Series G Preferred Stock (plus up to an
additional shares
of Series G Preferred Stock upon the exercise of the
underwriters over-allotment option). The Series G
Preferred Stock is a series of our preferred stock.
The following summary of the terms and provisions of the
Series G Preferred Stock does not purport to be complete
and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the pertinent
sections of our charter and the articles supplementary creating
the Series G Preferred Stock, which are available from us.
Ranking
The Series G Preferred Stock will be, with respect to
dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or
winding up of our company:
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junior to all our existing and future debt obligations; |
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junior to each class or series of our capital stock other than
(a) our common stock and any other class or series of our
capital stock the terms of which provide that such class or
series will rank junior to the Series G Preferred Stock and
(b) any other class or series of our capital stock the
terms of which provide that such class or series will rank on a
parity with the Series G Preferred Stock; |
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on a parity with any other class or series of our capital stock
(including our (i) Series F Preferred Stock,
(ii) Series B Preferred Stock that may be issued in
certain circumstances upon conversion of the Series B
Preferred Partnership Units (the Series B Preferred
Stock) and (iii) Series D Preferred Stock that
may be issued in certain circumstances upon conversion of the
Series D Preferred Partnership Units (the
Series D Preferred Stock), the rights of the
holders of which (a) are not given preference over the
rights of the holders of the Series G Preferred Stock
either as to dividends or as to distributions in the event of
our liquidation, dissolution or winding up and (b) rank on
a parity with the rights of the holders of the Series G
Preferred Stock as to dividends or as to distributions in the
event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or both;
senior to our common |
S-27
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stock and any other class or series of our capital stock, the
rights of the holders of which are junior and subordinate to the
rights of the holders of the Series G Preferred Stock both
as to dividends and as to distributions in the event of our
liquidation, dissolution or winding up; and |
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effectively junior to all of our subsidiaries existing and
future liabilities. |
We refer to any security described in the third bullet above as
Parity Preferred.
Dividends
Holders of Series G Preferred Stock (or Series G
Preferred Stockholders) are entitled to receive, when and as
authorized by our board of directors, out of funds legally
available for the payment of dividends, cumulative preferential
cash dividends at the rate
of % per
annum of the $25.00 liquidation preference (equivalent to
$ per
share). Such dividends will be cumulative from
July , 2006 for shares issued
in this offering, and will be payable to investors quarterly in
arrears on January 31, April 30, July 31 and
October 31, of each year or, if not a business day, the
next succeeding business day (each, a Dividend Payment Date).
The first dividend for shares issued in this offering will be
payable on October 31, 2006 and will be for more than the
full quarterly dividend period. Any dividend payable on the
Series G Preferred Stock for any partial dividend period
will be computed on the basis of a
360-day year consisting
of twelve 30-day
months. Dividends will be payable to Series G Preferred
Stockholders of record as they appear in our stock records at
the close of business on the applicable record date, which will
be the first day of the calendar month in which the applicable
Dividend Payment Date falls or on such other date designated by
our board of directors for the payment of dividends that is not
more than 30 nor less than 10 days prior to such Dividend
Payment Date (each, a Dividend Record Date).
As used in this prospectus supplement, business day
means any day, other than a Saturday or Sunday, that is neither
a legal holiday nor a day on which commercial banks are
authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to
close in The City of New York.
No dividends on shares of Series G Preferred Stock will be
declared by us or paid or set apart for payment by us at such
time as the terms and provisions of any of our agreements,
including any agreement relating to our indebtedness, prohibit
such declaration, payment or setting apart for payment or
provide that such declaration, payment or setting apart for
payment would constitute a breach thereof or a default
thereunder, or if such declaration or payment will be restricted
or prohibited by law.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, dividends on the Series G
Preferred Stock will accrue whether or not we have earnings,
whether or not there are funds legally available for the payment
of such dividends and whether or not such dividends are
declared. Accrued but unpaid dividends on the Series G
Preferred Stock will accumulate as of the Dividend Payment Date
on which they first become payable.
Except as set forth in the next paragraph, unless full
cumulative dividends on the Series G Preferred Stock have
been or contemporaneously are declared and paid or declared and
a sum sufficient for such full payment is set apart for payment
for all past dividend periods and the then current dividend
period, no dividends (other than in shares of common stock or in
shares of any series of preferred stock that we may issue
ranking junior to the Series G Preferred Stock as to
dividends and upon liquidation) will be declared or paid or set
aside for payment on our common stock or preferred stock that we
may issue ranking junior to or on parity with the Series G
Preferred Stock as to the payment of dividends or distributions
upon liquidation. Nor will any other distribution be declared or
made upon shares of our common stock or preferred stock that we
may issue ranking junior to or on a parity with the
Series G Preferred Stock as to dividends or upon
liquidation. In addition, any shares of our common stock or
preferred stock that we may issue ranking junior to or on a
parity with the Series G Preferred Stock as to dividends or
upon liquidation will not be redeemed, repurchased or otherwise
acquired for any consideration (or any moneys be paid to or made
available for a sinking fund for the redemption of any such
shares) by us (except by conversion into or exchange for our
other capital stock that we may issue ranking junior to the
Series G Preferred Stock as to dividends and upon
liquidation and except for transfers made pursuant to the
provisions of our charter relating to restrictions on ownership
and transfers of our capital stock).
S-28
When dividends are not paid in full (or a sum sufficient for
such full payment is not so set apart) upon the Series G
Preferred Stock and the shares of any other series of Parity
Preferred, all dividends declared upon the Series G
Preferred Stock and the shares of any other series of Parity
Preferred will be declared pro rata so that the amount of
dividends declared per share of the Series G Preferred
Stock and the shares of any other series of Parity Preferred
will in all cases bear to each other the same ratio that accrued
dividends per share on the Series G Preferred Stock and the
shares of any other series of Parity Preferred (which will not
include any accrual in respect of unpaid dividends for prior
dividend periods if such preferred stock does not have a
cumulative dividend) bear to each other. No interest, or sum of
money in lieu of interest, will be payable in respect of any
dividend payment or payments on the Series G Preferred
Stock which may be in arrears.
Series G Preferred Stockholders will not be entitled to any
dividend, whether payable in cash, property or stock, in excess
of full cumulative dividends on the Series G Preferred
Stock as provided above. Any dividend payment made on shares of
the Series G Preferred Stock will first be credited against
the earliest accrued but unpaid dividend due with respect to
such shares which remains payable.
Liquidation Preference
Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or
winding up of our affairs, our Series G Preferred
Stockholders are entitled to be paid out of our assets that are
legally available for distribution to our stockholders a
liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, plus an amount
equal to any accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not
declared) to the date of payment, before any distribution of
assets is made to our common stockholders or to holders of any
series of our preferred stock that we may issue that ranks
junior to the Series G Preferred Stock as to liquidation
rights (but after any payments are made to holders of our debt,
holders of our subsidiaries debt and holders of any other
of our equity securities that we may issue ranking senior to the
Series G Preferred Stock as to liquidation rights).
In the event that, upon any such voluntary or involuntary
liquidation, dissolution or winding up, our available assets are
insufficient to pay the amount of the liquidating distributions
on all outstanding shares of Series G Preferred Stock and
the corresponding amounts payable on all shares of other classes
or series of Parity Preferred, then the Series G Preferred
Stockholders and stockholders of such classes or series of
Parity Preferred will share ratably in any such distribution of
assets in proportion to the full liquidating distributions to
which they would otherwise be respectively entitled.
Series G Preferred Stockholders will be entitled to written
notice of any such liquidation. After payment of the full amount
of the liquidating distributions to which they are entitled, our
Series G Preferred Stockholders will have no right or claim
to any of our remaining assets. The consolidation or merger of
us with or into any other corporation, trust or entity or of any
other corporation with or into us, or the sale, lease or
conveyance of all or substantially all of our assets or
business, will not be deemed to constitute a liquidation,
dissolution or winding up of us.
Voting Rights
Our Series G Preferred Stockholders do not have any voting
rights, except as set forth below.
While any shares of the Series G Preferred Stock are
outstanding, we will not, without the affirmative vote of the
holders of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the outstanding shares
of the Series G Preferred Stock (voting separately as a
class) (i) authorize or create, or increase the authorized
or issued amount of, any class or series of shares of beneficial
interest ranking senior to the Series G Preferred Stock
with respect to payment of distributions or rights upon
voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or
winding-up or
reclassify any of our authorized shares of capital stock into
any such shares, or create, authorize or issue any obligation or
security convertible into or evidencing the right to purchase
any such shares, or (ii) either amend, alter or repeal the
provisions of the our charter or bylaws, whether by amendment,
merger, consolidation or otherwise, so as to materially and
adversely affect the preferences, other rights, voting powers,
restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications,
or terms and conditions of redemption, of any outstanding shares
of the Series G Preferred Stock or the holders thereof. Any
increase in the amount of
S-29
authorized preferred stock or the creation or issuance of any
other series of preferred stock, or any increase in an amount of
authorized shares of each series, in each case ranking junior or
on parity to the Series G Preferred Stock with respect to
payment of distributions and the distribution of assets upon
voluntary of involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up,
shall not be deemed to materially and adversely affect such
rights, preferences, privileges or voting powers. We may create
additional classes of preferred stock on parity with the
Series G Preferred Stock and stock that is junior to the
Series G Preferred Stock, increase the authorized number of
shares of preferred stock on parity with the Series G
Preferred Stock and stock that is junior to the Series G
Preferred Stock and issue additional series of preferred stock
on parity with the Series G Preferred Stock and stock that
is junior to the Series G Preferred Stock without the
consent of any holder of Series G Preferred Stock.
If at any time full dividends shall not have been made on any
Series G Preferred Stock with respect to any six
(6) prior quarterly dividend periods, whether consecutive
or not (a Preferred Dividend Default), such that
dividends for such six (6) dividend periods have not been
fully paid and are outstanding in whole or in part at the same
time, the holders of the Series G Preferred Stock shall
have the right to participate in a class vote together with the
holders of Series B Preferred Stock, Series D
Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock (to the extent
such holders choose to participate in the election of Preferred
Stock Directors in lieu of receipt of the default distribution
rate pursuant to the terms of the Series F Preferred Stock)
to elect two additional directors to serve on our Board of
Directors (the Preferred Stock Directors) at a
special meeting called by the holders of record of at least 10%
of the outstanding shares of Series G Preferred Stock or
any series of such preferred stock or at the next annual meeting
of the stockholders, and at each subsequent annual meeting of
stockholders or special meeting held in lieu thereof, until all
such dividends in arrears and dividends for the current
quarterly period on the Series G Preferred Stock and each
series of such preferred stock have been paid in full. At any
such annual or special meeting, the holders of the Series B
Preferred Stock, the Series D Preferred Stock, the
Series F Preferred Stock (to the extent such holders choose
to participate in the election of Preferred Stock Directors in
lieu of receipt of the default distribution rate pursuant to the
terms of the Series F Preferred Stock) and any subsequently
issued series of preferred stock upon which like voting rights
have been conferred and are exercisable, will be entitled to
cast votes for such Preferred Stock Directors on the basis of
one vote per $50.00 of liquidation preference to which such
class of preferred stock is entitled by its terms (excluding
amounts in respect of accumulated and unpaid dividends) and not
cumulatively. If and when all accumulated dividends and the
dividend for the current dividend period on the Series G
Preferred Stock shall have been paid in full or irrevocably set
aside for payment in full, the holders of the Series G
Preferred Stock shall be divested of these voting rights
(subject to revesting at such holders option in the event of
each and every Preferred Dividend Default) and, if all dividends
in arrears and the dividends for the current dividend period
have been paid in full or irrevocably set aside for payment in
full on all other preferred stock upon which like voting rights
have been conferred and are exercisable, the term and office of
each Preferred Stock Director so elected shall immediately
terminate. Any Preferred Stock Director may be removed at any
time with or without cause by the vote of, and shall not be
removed otherwise than by the vote of, the holders of record of
a majority of the outstanding Series G Preferred Stock when
they have these voting rights voting separately as a single
class with all other preferred stock upon which like voting
rights have been conferred and are exercisable. So long as a
Preferred Dividend Default shall continue, any vacancy in the
office of a Preferred Stock Director may be filled by written
consent of the Preferred Stock Director remaining in office, or
if none remains in office, by a vote of the holders of record of
a majority of the outstanding Series G Preferred Stock when
they have these voting rights voting separately as a single
class with all other classes or series of Parity Preferred upon
which like voting rights have been conferred and are
exercisable. The Preferred Stock Directors shall each be
entitled to one vote per director on any matter.
Restrictions on Ownership
To ensure that we maintain our qualification as a REIT for
federal income tax purposes, our charter provides that no person
or entity may own more than 6.0% of the value of our outstanding
shares of capital stock, including the Series G Preferred
Stock with some exceptions. See Description of Common
Stock and
S-30
Preferred Stock in the accompanying prospectus and
Risk Factors Our charter contains limits on
ownership of our Series G Preferred Stock which could have
adverse consequences to you above.
Maturity
Our Series G Preferred Stock has no maturity date and we
are not required to redeem the Series G Preferred Stock.
Accordingly, the Series G Preferred Stock will remain
outstanding indefinitely unless a Series G Preferred
Stockholder or we decide to convert it or a Series G
Preferred Stockholder elects to have us repurchase them upon a
Fundamental Change (as defined below). See
Conversion Rights,
Company Conversion Option and
Purchase of Series G Preferred Stock Upon
a Fundamental Change below.
Redemption
We may not redeem the Series G Preferred Stock, except as
described in the immediately succeeding paragraph. On or after
July 31, 2011, we have the right to require each
Series G Preferred Stockholder to convert its Series G
Preferred Stock. See Company Conversion
Option below.
Subject to the terms and conditions of any preferred stock on
parity with the Series G Preferred Stock and the rights of
any series of preferred stock which may from time to time come
into existence, in the event of (i) the completion of a
Rule 13e-3
transaction (as defined in
Rule 13e-3 under
the Exchange Act) by us in which, as a result of such
transaction, our common stock is no longer registered under
Section 12 of the Exchange Act, except that this
clause (i) shall not apply to any involuntary delisting of
our common stock from the New York Stock Exchange or any
national securities exchange (as defined in the Exchange Act),
(ii) the completion of a consolidation or merger or other
business combination of us into any corporation, trust or entity
and, if the surviving entity has outstanding debt securities
(regardless if these debt securities are publicly traded), such
debt securities do not possess at least the lowest credit rating
level established as investment grade from either
Standard & Poors, Moodys Investor Service
or Fitch Ratings (it being understood that as of the date hereof
the lowest investment grade rating of
Standard &Poors is BBB-, the lowest investment
grade rating of Moodys is Baa3 and the lowest investment
grade rating of Fitch Ratings is BBB-) or (iii) our failure
to qualify as a real estate investment trust as defined in
Section 856 (or any successor section) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, except where such failure
arises in connection with the consolidation or merger or other
business combination of us into any corporation, trust or entity
in which we are not the surviving entity and the surviving
entity qualifies as a real estate investment trust, if requested
in writing by the holders of not less than a majority of the
then outstanding Series G Preferred Stock that all shares
of Series G Preferred Stock be redeemed, we will redeem all
the shares of Series G Preferred Stock held by all holders
of Series G Preferred Stock by paying in cash in exchange
for the shares of Series G Preferred Stock to be redeemed a
sum equal to $25.00 per share plus all accumulated but
unpaid dividends on such shares to the date of redemption,
except as otherwise provided below. Such request for redemption
by the holders of not less than a majority of the then
outstanding Series G Preferred Stock that all shares of
Series G Preferred Stock be redeemed must be received by us
no later than forty-five (45) days following the date of
mailing to the holders of record of the Series G Preferred
Stock of written notice from us of the occurrence of an event
specified above. Written notice of such event shall be mailed by
us and addressed to the respective holders of record of the
Series G Preferred Stock at their respective addresses as
they appear on our transfer records. Upon receipt of such
request for redemption, we will provide notice of the date of
redemption (which shall be no later than sixty (60) days
following the receipt of such request for redemption) to the
holders of Series G Preferred Stock and redeem the shares
of Series G Preferred Stock.
Conversion Rights
Series G Preferred Stockholders, at their option, may
convert some or all of their outstanding Series G Preferred
Stock initially at a conversion rate
of shares
of common stock per $25.00 liquidation preference (the
Conversion Rate), which is equivalent to an initial
conversion price of approximately
S-31
$ per
share of common stock (subject to adjustment in certain events).
Shares of our Series G Preferred Stock will only be
convertible into shares of our common stock.
We will not issue fractional shares of common stock upon the
conversion of Series G Preferred Stock. Instead, we will
pay the cash value of such fractional shares based upon the
closing sale price of our common stock on the trading day
immediately prior to the Conversion Date or the Company
Conversion Option Date, as the case may be (each as defined
below).
Series G Preferred Stockholders are not entitled to any
rights of a common stockholder until such Series G
Preferred Stockholder has converted its Series G Preferred
Stock, and only to the extent the Series G Preferred Stock
are deemed to have been converted to common stock under our
articles supplementary pertaining to the Series G Preferred
Stock.
Company Conversion Option
On or after July 31, 2011, we may, at our option, convert
some or all of the Series G Preferred Stock into that
number of shares of common stock that are issuable at the then
prevailing Conversion Rate (we refer to this option as the
Company Conversion Option). We may exercise our
Company Conversion Option only if the closing sale price of our
common stock equals or exceeds 130% of the then prevailing
conversion price of the Series G Preferred Stock for at
least twenty (20) trading days in a period of thirty
(30) consecutive trading days (including the last trading
day of such period) ending on the trading day immediately prior
to our issuance of a press release announcing the exercise of
our Company Conversion Option as described below.
If we convert less than all of the outstanding Series G
Preferred Stock, the transfer agent will select the shares by
lot, on a pro rata basis or in accordance with any other method
the transfer agent considers fair and appropriate. We may
convert the Series G Preferred Stock only in a whole number
of shares. If a portion of a holders Series G
Preferred Stock is selected for partial conversion by us and the
holder converts a portion of such Series G Preferred Stock,
the number of shares of Series G Preferred Stock subject to
conversion by us will be reduced by the number of shares that
the holder converted.
The closing sale price of our common stock on any
date means the closing sale price per share (or, if no closing
sale price is reported, the average of the bid and asked prices
or, if more than one in either case, the average of the average
bid and the average asked prices) on such date as reported by
the NYSE or, if our common stock is not reported by the NYSE, in
composite transactions for the principal other
U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which our
common stock is traded or on NASDAQ. If our common stock is not
listed for trading on a U.S. national or regional
securities exchange and not reported by NASDAQ on the relevant
date, the closing sale price will be the last quoted
bid price for our common stock in the
over-the-counter market
on the relevant date as reported by the National Quotation
Bureau Incorporated or similar organization. If our common stock
is not so quoted, the closing sale price will be the
average of the mid-point of the last bid and asked prices for
our common stock on the relevant date from each of at least
three independent nationally recognized investment banking firms
selected by us for this purpose.
Trading day means a day during which trading in
securities generally occurs on the NYSE or, if our common stock
is not quoted on the NYSE, then a day during which trading in
securities generally occurs on the principal
U.S. securities exchange on which our common stock is
listed or, if our common stock is not listed on a
U.S. national or regional securities exchange, then on the
principal other market on which our common stock is then traded
or quoted.
To exercise our Company Conversion Option described above, we
must issue a press release for publication on the Dow
Jones & Company, Inc., Business Wire or Bloomberg
Business News (or, if such organizations are not in existence at
the time of issuance of such press release, such other news or
press organization as is reasonably calculated to broadly
disseminate the relevant information to the public) prior to the
opening of business on the first trading day following any date
on which the conditions described in the preceding paragraph are
met, announcing such conversion. We will also give notice by
mail or by publication (with subsequent prompt notice by mail)
to our Series G Preferred Stockholders (not more than four
S-32
(4) trading days after the date of the press release) of
the exercise of our Company Conversion Option announcing our
intention to convert the Series G Preferred Stock. The
effective date for any Company Conversion Option (the
Company Conversion Option Date) will be the date
that is five (5) trading days after the date on which we
issue such press release.
In addition to any information required by applicable law or
regulation, the press release and notice of the exercise of our
Company Conversion Option will state, as appropriate:
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the Company Conversion Option Date; |
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the number of shares of common stock to be issued upon
conversion of each Series G Preferred Stock; |
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the number of shares of Series G Preferred Stock to be
converted; and |
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that dividends on the Series G Preferred Stock to be
converted will cease to accrue on the Company Conversion Option
Date. |
Conversion Procedures
Series G Preferred Stockholders may convert some or all of
their shares by surrendering to us at our principal office or at
the office of our transfer agent, as may be designated by our
board of directors, the certificate or certificates for the
Series G Preferred Stock to be converted accompanied by a
written notice stating that the Series G Preferred
Stockholder elects to convert all or a specified whole number of
those shares in accordance with the provisions described in this
prospectus supplement and specifying the name or names in which
the Series G Preferred Stockholder wishes the certificate
or certificates for the shares of common stock to be issued. In
case the notice specifies a name or names other than the
Series G Preferred Stockholders name, the notice will
be accompanied by payment of all transfer taxes payable upon the
issuance of shares of common stock in that name or names. Other
than those taxes, we will pay any documentary, stamp or similar
issue or transfer taxes that may be payable in respect of any
issuance or delivery of shares of common stock upon conversion
of the Series G Preferred Stock. As promptly as practicable
after the surrender of that certificate or certificates and the
receipt of the notice relating to the conversion and payment of
all required transfer taxes, if any, or the demonstration to our
satisfaction that those taxes have been paid, we will deliver or
cause to be delivered (a) certificates representing the
number of validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable shares
of common stock to which the Series G Preferred
Stockholders, or the Series G Preferred Stockholders
transferee, will be entitled and (b) if less than the full
number of Series G Preferred Stock evidenced by the
surrendered certificate or certificates is being converted, a
new certificate or certificates, of like tenor, for the number
of shares evidenced by the surrendered certificate or
certificates, less the number of shares being converted. This
conversion will be deemed to have been made at the close of
business on the date of giving the notice and of surrendering
the certificate or certificates representing the shares of the
Series G Preferred Stock to be converted (the
Conversion Date) so that the Series G Preferred
Stockholders rights as to the shares being converted will
cease except for the right to receive the conversion value, and,
if applicable, the person entitled to receive shares of common
stock will be treated for all purposes as having become the
record holder of those shares of common stock at that time.
In lieu of the foregoing procedures, if the Series G
Preferred Stock are held in global certificate form, the
Series G Preferred Stockholder must comply with the
procedures of DTC to convert the Series G Preferred
Stockholders beneficial interest in respect of the
Series G Preferred Stock evidenced by a global stock
certificate of the Series G Preferred Stock.
Series G Preferred Stockholders are not eligible to
exercise any rights of a common stockholder until they have
converted their Series G Preferred Stock into common stock.
In case any Series G Preferred Stock are to be converted
pursuant to our Company Conversion Option, a Series G
Preferred Stockholders right to voluntarily convert those
shares of Series G Preferred Stock will terminate if we
have not received such Series G Preferred
Stockholders conversion notice by 5:00 p.m., New
S-33
York City time, on the business day immediately preceding the
date fixed for conversion pursuant to our Company Conversion
Option.
If more than one share of our Series G Preferred Stock is
surrendered for conversion by the same stockholder at the same
time, the number of shares of full common stock issuable on
conversion of those Series G Preferred Stock will be
computed on the basis of the total number of shares
Series G Preferred Stock so surrendered.
We will at all times reserve and keep available, free from
preemptive rights out of our authorized but unissued shares of
capital stock, for issuance upon the conversion of Series G
Preferred Stock, a number of our authorized but unissued shares
of common stock that will from time to time be sufficient to
permit the conversion of all outstanding Series G Preferred
Stock.
Before the delivery of any securities upon conversion of the
Series G Preferred Stock, we will comply with all
applicable federal and state laws and regulations. All common
stock delivered upon conversion of the Series G Preferred
Stock will upon delivery be duly and validly issued, fully paid
and non-assessable, free of all liens and charges and not
subject to any preemptive rights.
If a Series G Preferred Stockholder has exercised its right
to require us to repurchase shares of Series G Preferred
Stock as described under Repurchase of
Series G Preferred Stock Upon a Fundamental Change,
the Series G Preferred Stockholders conversion rights
with respect to the Series G Preferred Stock so subject to
repurchase will expire if we have not received their conversion
notice by 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the business
day immediately preceding the repurchase date, unless we default
on the payment of the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price (as
defined below). If the Series G Preferred Stockholder has
submitted any such shares for repurchase, such shares may be
converted only if the Series G Preferred Stockholder
submits a notice of withdrawing the shares from repurchase or
complies with applicable DTC procedures.
Payment of Dividends Upon Conversion
Optional Conversion
General. If a Series G Preferred Stockholder
exercise its conversion rights, upon delivery of the
Series G Preferred Stock for conversion, those shares of
Series G Preferred Stock will cease to cumulate dividends
as of the end of the Conversion Date and the Series G
Preferred Stockholder will not receive any cash payment
representing accrued and unpaid dividends on the Series G
Preferred Stock, except in those limited circumstances discussed
below. Except as provided below, we will make no payment for
accrued and unpaid dividends, whether or not in arrears, on
Series G Preferred Stock converted at the Series G
Preferred Stockholders election, or for dividends on the
common stock issued upon such conversion.
Conversion On or Before Record Date. If we receive a
conversion notice before the close of business on a Dividend
Record Date, the Series G Preferred Stockholder will not be
entitled to receive any portion of the dividend payable on such
converted stock on the corresponding Dividend Payment Date.
Conversion After Record Date and Prior to Payment Date.
If we receive a conversion notice after the Dividend Record Date
but prior to the corresponding Dividend Payment Date, the
Series G Preferred Stockholder on the record date will
receive on that Dividend Payment Date accrued dividends on those
shares of Series G Preferred Stock, notwithstanding the
conversion of those shares of Series G Preferred Stock
prior to that Dividend Payment Date, because that Series G
Preferred Stockholder will have been the Series G Preferred
Stockholder of record on the corresponding record date. At the
time that such the Series G Preferred Stockholder
surrenders Series G Preferred Stock for conversion,
however, it must pay to us an amount equal to the dividend that
has accrued and that will be paid on the related Dividend
Payment Date; provided that no such payment need be made if we
have specified a Fundamental Change Repurchase Date relating to
a Fundamental Change that is after a Dividend Record Date and on
or prior to the Dividend Payment Date to which that Dividend
Record Date relates.
Conversion On or After Payment Date and On or Prior to the
Immediately Succeeding Record Date. If the Series G
Preferred Stockholder is a Series G Preferred Stockholder
on a Dividend Record Date and
S-34
converts such shares of Series G Preferred Stock into
shares of common stock on or after the corresponding Dividend
Payment Date such Series G Preferred Stockholder will be
entitled to receive the dividend payable on such shares of
Series G Preferred Stock on such Dividend Payment Date, and
the Series G Preferred Stockholder will not need to include
payment of the amount of such dividend upon surrender for
conversion of shares of the Series G Preferred Stock.
Company Conversion Option
General. If we convert a Series G Preferred
Stockholders shares pursuant to our Company Conversion
Option, whether prior to, on, or after the Dividend Record Date
for the current period, all unpaid dividends that are in arrears
as of the Company Conversion Option Date will be payable to the
Series G Preferred Stockholder.
Conversion After a Payment Date and Prior to the next Record
Date. If we exercise our Company Conversion Option and the
Company Conversion Option Date is a date that is after the close
of business on a Dividend Payment Date and prior to the close of
business on the next Dividend Record Date, the Series G
Preferred Stockholder will not be entitled to receive any
portion of the dividend payable for such period on such
converted shares on the corresponding Dividend Payment Date.
Conversion On or After Record Date and Prior to Payment
Date. If we exercise our Company Conversion Option and the
Company Conversion Option Date is a date that is on or after the
close of business on any Dividend Record Date and prior to the
close of business on the corresponding Dividend Payment Date,
all dividends, including accrued and unpaid dividends, whether
or not in arrears, with respect to the Series G Preferred
Stock called for a conversion on such date, will be payable on
such Dividend Payment Date to the Series G Preferred
Stockholder if the Series G Preferred Stockholder is the
record holder of such shares on such record date.
Conversion Rate Adjustments
We will adjust the Conversion Rate if any of the following
events occur:
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1. We issue shares of our common
stock as a dividend or distribution to all or substantially all
of our common stockholders (other than pursuant to our current
dividend reinvestment and share purchase plan or any future
dividend reinvestment and share purchase plan we adopt which is
not materially adverse to Series G Preferred Stockholders
and in any case that is without duplication subject to an
adjustment under clause 6 below). |
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2. We subdivide, combine or
reclassify our common stock. |
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3. We distribute, to all or
substantially all of our common stockholders, certain rights or
warrants (other than, as described below, rights distributed
pursuant to a stockholder rights plan) entitling them, for a
period expiring not more than 60 days immediately following
the record date for the distribution, to purchase or subscribe
for shares of our common stock at a price per share that is less
than the current market price per share of our common stock on
the record date for the distribution; provided that the
Conversion Rate will be readjusted to the extent that such
rights or warrants are not exercised prior to the expiration. |
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4. We distribute, to all or
substantially all of our common stockholders, shares of our
capital stock or issue evidence of our indebtedness or assets,
including securities, but excluding: |
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dividends or distributions referred to in clause 1 above; |
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rights or warrants referred to in clause 3 above; |
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distributions referred to in clause 5 below; |
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dividends and distributions in connection with a
reclassification, change, consolidation, merger, combination,
sale or conveyance resulting in a change in the conversion
consideration described below; and |
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cash dividends or cash distributions referred to in 6 below. |
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5. We distribute, to all or
substantially all of our common stockholders, capital stock of
one of our subsidiaries, with such adjustment, if any, based on
the market value of the subsidiary capital stock so distributed
relative to the market value of our common stock, in each case
over a measurement period following the distribution. |
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6. We distribute cash to all or
substantially all holders of our common stock (excluding any
dividend or distribution in connection with our liquidation,
dissolution or
winding-up or any
regular quarterly cash dividend on our common stock to the
extent that the aggregate amount of such cash dividend per share
of our common stock does not exceed $0.84) ($0.84 being the
dividend threshold amount); if there is a dividend
or distribution to which this clause 6 applies, the Conversion
Rate will be adjusted by multiplying the applicable Conversion
Rate by a fraction, |
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the numerator of which will be the current market price of our
common stock on the record date fixed for the distribution minus
the dividend threshold amount; and |
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the denominator of which will be (i) the current market
price of our common stock on the record date fixed for the
distribution minus (ii) the amount per share of such
dividend or distribution; provided that if an adjustment is
required to be made under this clause as a result of a
distribution that is not a regular quarterly cash dividend, the
dividend threshold amount will be deemed to be zero. |
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The dividend threshold amount is subject to adjustment in a
manner inversely proportional to adjustments to the Conversion
Rate, provided that no adjustment will be made to the dividend
threshold amount for any adjustment made to the Conversion Rate
under this clause 6. |
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7. We make payments in respect of a
tender offer or exchange offer for our common stock by us or any
of our subsidiaries to the extent that the cash and fair market
value of any other consideration included in the payment per
stock exceeds the closing sale price of our common stock on the
trading day following the last date on which tenders or
exchanges may be made pursuant to such tender offer or exchange
offer. |
Current market price of our common stock on any day
means the average of the closing sale prices of our common stock
for each of the 10 consecutive trading days ending on the
earlier of the day in question and the day before the
ex-dividend date with respect to the issuance or
distribution requiring such computation, subject to adjustment
by our board of directors if the related transaction occurs
during such 10-day
period.
To the extent that rights agreement, dated as of dated as of
November 11, 1998 (and as amended December 13, 2000
and February 28, 2002), between us and BankBoston, N.A., as
Rights Agent or any future rights plan (i.e., a poison pill)
adopted by us, is in effect at the time of conversion of any
Series G Preferred Stock, upon such conversion, the
converting holder will receive, in addition to the consideration
that is otherwise due upon conversion, the rights under such
rights agreement or future rights plan, unless the rights have
separated from our common stock at the time of conversion, in
which case the Conversion Rate will be adjusted at the time of
separation as if we had distributed to all holders of our common
stock, shares of capital stock, evidences of indebtedness or
other assets, including securities as described in clause 4
above, subject to readjustment in the event of the expiration,
termination or redemption of such rights. See Description
of Capital Stock Stockholder rights plan.
In the case of the following events (each, a Business
Combination):
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any recapitalization, reclassification or change of our common
stock (other than changes resulting from a subdivision or
combination); |
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a consolidation, merger or combination involving us; |
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a sale, conveyance or lease to another corporation of all or
substantially all of our property and assets (other than to one
or more of our subsidiaries); or |
S-36
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a statutory share exchange; |
in each case, as a result of which our common stockholders are
entitled to receive stock, other securities, other property or
assets (including cash or any combination thereof) with respect
to or in exchange for our common stock, the Series G
Preferred Stockholder will be entitled thereafter to convert
such Series G Preferred Stock into the kind and amount of
stock, other securities or other property or assets (including
cash or any combination thereof) which the Series G
Preferred Stockholder would have owned or been entitled to
receive upon such Business Combination as if such holder of
Series G Preferred Stock held a number of shares of our
common stock equal to the Conversion Rate in effect on the
effective date for such Business Combination, multiplied by the
number of shares of Series G Preferred Stock held by such
Series G Preferred Stockholder. If such Business
Combination also constitutes a Fundamental Change, a converting
Series G Preferred Stockholder will not receive a
make-whole premium if the Series G Preferred Stockholder
does not convert its Series G Preferred Stock in
connection with (as defined in
Adjustment to Conversion Rate Upon Certain
Fundamental Change) the relevant Fundamental Change. In
the event that our common stockholders have the opportunity to
elect the form of consideration to be received in such Business
Combination, we will make adequate provision whereby the
Series G Preferred Stockholders shall have a reasonable
opportunity to determine the form of consideration into which
all of the Series G Preferred Stock, treated as a single
class, shall be convertible from and after the effective date of
such Business Combination. Such determination shall be based on
the weighted average of elections made by the Series G
Preferred Stockholders who participate in such determination,
shall be subject to any limitations to which all of our common
stockholders are subject, such as pro rata reductions applicable
to any portion of the consideration payable in such Business
Combination, and shall be conducted in such a manner as to be
completed by the date which is the earliest of (1) the
deadline for elections to be made by our common stockholders,
and (2) two business days prior to the anticipated
effective date of the Business Combination.
We will provide notice of the opportunity to determine the form
of such consideration, as well as notice of the determination
made by our Series G Preferred Stockholders (and the
weighted average of elections), by posting such notice with DTC
and providing a copy of such notice to the transfer agent. If
the effective date of a Business Combination is delayed beyond
the initially anticipated effective date, the Series G
Preferred Stockholders will be given the opportunity to make
subsequent similar determinations in regard to such delayed
effective date. We may not become a party to any such
transaction unless its terms are consistent with the preceding.
None of the foregoing provisions shall affect the Series G
Preferred Stockholders right to convert the Series G
Preferred Stockholders shares into our common stock prior
to the effective date.
To the extent permitted by law, we may, from time to time,
increase the Conversion Rate for a period of at least twenty
(20) days if our board of directors determines that such an
increase would be in our best interests. Any such determination
by our board of directors will be conclusive. In addition, we
may increase the Conversion Rate if our board of directors deems
it advisable to avoid or diminish any income tax to common
stockholders resulting from any distribution of common stock or
similar event. We will give the Series G Preferred
Stockholder at least fifteen (15) business days
notice of any increase in the Conversion Rate.
We will not adjust the Conversion Rate pursuant to these
provisions to the extent that the adjustments would reduce the
conversion price below $0.0001. Except as described above in
this section, we will not adjust the Conversion Rate for any
issuance of our common stock or any securities convertible into
or exchangeable or exercisable for our common stock or rights to
purchase our common stock or such convertible, exchangeable or
exercisable securities.
The Series G Preferred Stockholder may, in some
circumstances, including the distribution of cash dividends to
stockholders, be deemed to have received a distribution or
dividend subject to United States federal income tax as a result
of an adjustment or the nonoccurrence of an adjustment to the
Conversion Rate. See Federal Income Tax
Considerations below.
S-37
Adjustment to Conversion Rate upon Certain Fundamental
Changes
If the Series G Preferred Stockholder elects to convert its
Series G Preferred Stock in connection with a Fundamental
Change that occurs on or prior to July 31, 2016, we will
increase the Conversion Rate for the Series G Preferred
Stock surrendered for conversion by a number of additional
shares determined based on the Stock Price (as defined below) at
the time of such Fundamental Change and the Effective Date (as
defined below) of such Fundamental Change. A conversion of the
Series G Preferred Stock will be deemed for these purposes
to be in connection with a Fundamental Change if the
notice of conversion of the Series G Preferred Stock is
received by the conversion agent (who initially shall be the
transfer agent) from and including the Effective Date of the
Fundamental Change up to and including the business day prior to
the corresponding Fundamental Change Repurchase Date. See
Purchase of Series G Preferred Stock Upon
a Fundamental Change below.
The number of additional shares by which the Conversion Rate
will be increased for conversions in connection with Fundamental
Change will be determined by reference to the table below, based
on the date on which the Fundamental Change occurs or becomes
effective (the Effective Date) and the price paid
per share of our common stock in the Fundamental Change (in the
case of a Fundamental Change that constitutes a change of
control described in clause 2 of the definition
thereof and as a result of which our common stockholders are
entitled to receive stock, other securities, other property or
assets (including cash or any combination thereof) with respect
to or in exchange for our common stock), or in the case of all
other Fundamental Changes, the average of the closing sale
prices of our common stock over the five trading-day period
ending on the trading day preceding the Effective Date of such
other Fundamental Change (the Stock Price). If
holders of our common stock receive only cash in the case of a
Fundamental Change that constitutes a change of
control described in clause 2 of the definition
thereof as a result of which our common stockholders are
entitled to receive stock, other securities, other property or
assets (including cash or any combination thereof) with respect
to or in exchange for our common stock, the Stock Price will be
the cash amount paid per share. Otherwise, the Stock Price will
be the average of the closing sale prices of our common stock
over the five trading-day period ending on the trading day
preceding the Effective Date of the relevant Fundamental Change.
The Stock Prices set forth in the first row of the table below
(i.e., the column headers) will be adjusted as of any date on
which the Conversion Rate of the Series G Preferred Stock
is adjusted. See Conversion Rate
Adjustments above. The adjusted Stock Prices will equal
the product of the Stock Prices applicable immediately prior to
such adjustment multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which
is the Conversion Rate immediately prior to the adjustment
giving rise to the Stock Price adjustment and the denominator of
which is the Conversion Rate as so adjusted. The number of
additional shares will be adjusted in the same manner as the
Conversion Rate. See Conversion Rate
Adjustments above.
The following table sets forth the Stock Price, Effective Date
and number of additional shares issuable per $25.00 liquidation
preference of Series G Preferred Stock to be determined by
reference to the Stock Price and Effective Date of the relevant
Fundamental Change:
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Stock Price | |
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Effective Date |
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The exact Stock Prices and Effective Dates may not be set forth
in the table above, in which case:
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if the Stock Price is between two Stock Prices in the table or
the Effective Date is between two Effective Dates in the table,
the number of additional shares will be determined by a
straight-line interpolation between the number of additional
shares set forth for the higher and lower Stock Prices and the
earlier and later Effective Dates, as applicable, based on a
365-day year; |
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if the Stock Price is in excess of
$ per
share (subject to adjustment), no additional shares will be
issuable upon conversion; and |
S-38
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If the Stock Price is less than
$ per
share (subject to adjustment), no additional shares will be
issuable upon conversion. |
Our obligation to satisfy the additional shares requirement
could be considered a penalty, in which case the enforceability
thereof would be subject to general principles of reasonableness
of economic remedies.
Purchase of Series G Preferred Stock upon a Fundamental
Change
In the event of a Fundamental Change described below, the
Series G Preferred Stockholder will have the right to
require us to repurchase for cash on the relevant Fundamental
Change Repurchase Date all or any part of its Series G
Preferred Stock at a repurchase price (the Fundamental
Change Repurchase Price) equal to 100% of the liquidation
preference of the Series G Preferred Stock to be
repurchased plus accrued and unpaid dividends to, but not
including, such Fundamental Change Repurchase Date; provided
that if the relevant Fundamental Change Repurchase Date is on a
date that is after a Dividend Record Date and on or prior to the
corresponding Dividend Payment Date, we will pay such dividends
to the holder of record on the corresponding Dividend Record
Date, which may or may not be the same person to whom we will
pay the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, and the Fundamental
Change Repurchase Price will be equal to 100% of the liquidation
preference of the Series G Preferred Stock to be
repurchased.
Within 15 days after the occurrence of a Fundamental
Change, we will provide to the Series G Preferred
Stockholder and the transfer agent a notice of the occurrence of
the Fundamental Change and of the resulting repurchase right.
Such notice will state:
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the events constituting the Fundamental Change; |
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the date of the Fundamental Change; |
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the last date on which the Series G Preferred Stockholder
may exercise the repurchase right; |
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the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price; |
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the repurchase date; |
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the name and address of the paying agent and the conversion
agent; |
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the Conversion Rate and any adjustment to the Conversion Rate
that will result from the Fundamental Change; |
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that Series G Preferred Stock with respect to which a
repurchase notice is given by the Series G Preferred
Stockholder may be converted, if otherwise convertible, only if
the repurchase notice has been properly withdrawn; and |
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the procedures that the Series G Preferred Stockholder must
follow to exercise the repurchase rights. |
Simultaneously with providing the Series G Preferred
Stockholder such notice, we will publish a notice containing
this information in a newspaper of general circulation in the
City of New York or through such other public medium as we may
use at that time and publish such information on our corporate
website.
The Fundamental Change Repurchase Date will be the date no less
than 20 days nor more than 35 days after the date on
which we give the above notice. To exercise the Fundamental
Change repurchase right, the Series G Preferred Stockholder
must deliver, on or before the close of business on the
Fundamental Change Repurchase Date, the Series G Preferred
Stock to be repurchased, duly endorsed for transfer, together
with a written repurchase notice and the form entitled
Form of Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice on the
reverse side of the Series G Preferred Stock duly
completed, to the paying agent. The repurchase notice will state:
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the relevant Fundamental Change Repurchase Date; |
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the number of shares of Series G Preferred Stock to be
repurchased; and |
S-39
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that the Series G Preferred Stock are to be repurchased by
us pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Series G
Preferred Stock. |
If the Series G Preferred Stock are not in certificated
form, its repurchase notice must comply with applicable
Depository Trust Company procedures.
The Series G Preferred Stockholder may withdraw any
repurchase notice (in whole or in part) by a written notice of
withdrawal delivered to the paying agent prior to the close of
business on the business day prior to the Fundamental Change
Repurchase Date. The notice of withdrawal shall state:
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the number of shares of the withdrawn Series G Preferred
Stock; |
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if certificated Series G Preferred Stock have been issued,
the certificate numbers of the withdrawn Series G Preferred
Stock; and |
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the number of shares, if any, which remains subject to the
repurchase notice. |
If the Series G Preferred Stock are not in certificated
form, the Series G Preferred Stockholders notice of
withdrawal must comply with applicable Depository Trust Company
procedures.
The Series G Preferred Stockholder will receive payment of
the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price promptly following the
later of the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date or the time of
book-entry transfer or delivery of the Series G Preferred
Stock. If the paying agent holds cash sufficient to pay the
Fundamental Change Repurchase Price of the Series G
Preferred Stock on the business day following the Fundamental
Change Repurchase Date, then:
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the Series G Preferred Stock will cease to be outstanding
and dividends will cease to accrue (whether or not book-entry
transfer of the Series G Preferred Stock is made or whether
or not the Series G Preferred Stock Certificate is
delivered to the paying agent); and |
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all of the Series G Preferred Stockholders other
rights will terminate (other than the right to receive the
Fundamental Change Repurchase Price upon delivery or transfer of
the Series G Preferred Stock). |
A Fundamental Change will be deemed to occur upon a
change of control or a termination of trading. A change of
control will be deemed to have occurred at such time after
the original issuance of the Series G Preferred Stock when
the following has occurred:
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1. a person or
group within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) of
the Exchange Act files a Schedule 13D or any schedule, form
or report under the Exchange Act disclosing that such person or
group has become the direct or indirect beneficial
owner, as defined in
Rule 13d-3 under
the Exchange Act, of shares of our common stock representing
more than 50% of the voting power of our common stock entitled
to vote generally in the election of directors; |
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2. we consolidate with, or merge
with or into, another person or convey, transfer, lease or
otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets to
any person, or any person consolidates with or merges with or
into us, other than: (1) any transaction (A) that does
not result in any reclassification, exchange, or cancellation of
outstanding shares of our capital stock and (B) pursuant to
which our capital stockholders immediately prior to the
transaction have the entitlement to exercise, directly or
indirectly, 50% or more of the total voting power of all shares
of our capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election
of directors of the continuing or surviving person immediately
after the transaction; or (2) any merger solely for the
purpose of changing our jurisdiction of formation and resulting
in a reclassification, conversion or exchange of outstanding
shares of common stock solely into shares of common stock of the
surviving entity; or |
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3. we approve a plan of liquidation
or dissolution. |
A termination of trading is deemed to occur if our
common stock (or other common stock into which the Series G
Preferred Stock are then convertible) is neither listed for
trading on a United States national securities exchange nor
approved for trading on an established automated
over-the-counter
trading market in the United States.
S-40
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a transaction described in
clause 2 above in which our common stockholders are
entitled to receive stock, other securities, other property or
assets (including cash or any combination thereof) with respect
to or in exchange for our common stock will not constitute a
change of control if 100% of such consideration (excluding cash
payments for fractional shares and cash payments made in respect
of dissenters appraisal rights) in the transaction or
transactions otherwise constituting the change of control
consists of common stock traded on a United States national
securities exchange or quoted on the Nasdaq National Market, or
which will be so traded or quoted when issued or exchanged in
connection with the change of control, and as a result of such
transaction or transactions the Series G Preferred Stock
become convertible solely into such common stock.
The definition of Fundamental Change includes a phrase relating
to the conveyance, transfer, sale, lease or other disposition of
all or substantially all of our assets. There is no
precise, established definition of the phrase
substantially all under the laws of the State of
Maryland, which govern the Series G Preferred Stock, and
our formation. Accordingly, the Series G Preferred
Stockholders ability to require us to repurchase our
Series G Preferred Stock as a result of a conveyance,
transfer, sale, lease or other disposition of less than all of
our assets may be uncertain.
In connection with a Fundamental Change repurchase, we will
comply with all U.S. federal and state securities laws in
connection with any offer by us to repurchase the Series G
Preferred Stock upon a Fundamental Change.
This Fundamental Change repurchase feature may make more
difficult or discourage a party from taking over our company and
removing incumbent management. We are not aware, however, of any
specific effort to accumulate our capital stock with the intent
to obtain control of our company by means of a merger, tender
offer, solicitation or otherwise. In addition, the Fundamental
Change repurchase feature is not part of a plan by management to
adopt a series of anti-takeover provisions. Instead, the
Fundamental Change repurchase feature is a result of
negotiations between our company and the underwriter.
We could, in the future, enter into certain transactions,
including recapitalizations that would not constitute a
Fundamental Change but would increase the amount of debt
outstanding or otherwise adversely affect the Series G
Preferred Stockholder. The incurrence of significant amounts of
additional debt could adversely affect our ability to service
our debt, and to satisfy our obligation to repurchase the
Series G Preferred Stock upon a Fundamental Change.
Our ability to repurchase Series G Preferred Stock upon the
occurrence of a Fundamental Change is subject to important
limitations. If a Fundamental Change were to occur, we may not
have sufficient funds, or be able to arrange financing, to pay
the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price for the Series G
Preferred Stock tendered by the Series G Preferred
Stockholder. In addition, we may in the future incur debt that
has similar Fundamental Change provisions that permit holders of
such debt to accelerate or require us to repurchase such debt
upon the occurrence of events similar to a Fundamental Change.
In addition, our ability to repurchase Series G Preferred
Stock for cash may be limited by restrictions on our ability to
obtain funds.
Transfer Agent
The transfer agent, registrar, dividend disbursing agent, paying
agent and the conversion agent for the Series G Preferred
Stock will be Computershare, LLC.
Listing
Our Series G Preferred Stock will not be listed on a
national securities exchange or the National Association of
Securities Dealers Automated Quotation system. Our shares of
common stock are listed on the NYSE under the symbol
ESS. While the underwriter has informed us that it
intends to make a market in the Series G Preferred Stock,
it is under no obligation to do so and may discontinue such
market making activities at any time without notice.
Accordingly, we cannot assure the Series G Preferred
Stockholders that any active or liquid trading market will
develop for the Series G Preferred Stock.
S-41
Form and Book-Entry System
The Series G Preferred Stock will only be issued in the
form of global securities held in book-entry form. DTC or its
nominee will be the sole registered holder of the Series G
Preferred Stock. Owners of beneficial interests in the
Series G Preferred Stock represented by the global
securities will hold their interests pursuant to the procedures
and practices of DTC. As a result, beneficial interests in any
such securities will be shown on, and transfers will be effected
only through, records maintained by DTC and its direct and
indirect participants and any such interest may not be exchanged
for certificated securities, except in limited circumstances.
Owners of beneficial interests must exercise any rights in
respect of their interests, including any right to convert or
require repurchase of their interests in the Series G
Preferred Stock, in accordance with the procedures and practices
of DTC. Beneficial owners will not be holders and will not be
entitled to any rights provided to the holders of the
Series G Preferred Stock under the global securities or the
articles supplementary. We and any of our agents may treat DTC
as the sole holder and registered owner of the global securities.
DTC has advised us as follows: DTC is a limited-purpose trust
company organized under the New York Banking Law, a
banking organization within the meaning of the New
York Uniformed Commercial Code, and a clearing
agency registered pursuant to the provisions of
Section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC facilitates the
settlement of transactions among its participants through
electronic computerized book-entry changes in participants
accounts, eliminating the need for physical movement of
securities certificates. DTCs participants include
securities brokers and dealers, including the underwriter,
banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other
organizations, some of whom and/or their representatives own
DTC. Access to DTCs book-entry system is also available to
others, such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that
clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a
participant, either directly or indirectly.
Exchange of Global Securities
The Series G Preferred Stock, represented by one or more
global securities, will be exchangeable for certificated
securities with the same terms only if DTC is unwilling or
unable to continue as depositary or if DTC ceases to be a
clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act and a
successor depositary is not appointed by us within ninety
(90) days.
S-42
CERTAIN MATERIAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX
CONSIDERATIONS
The following discussion replaces in its entirety the
information set forth in the prospectus at Material U.S.
Federal Income Tax Considerations and describes certain
material U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to
our qualification and taxation as a REIT, our investment in
entities treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income
tax purposes and the ownership and disposition of our stock.
Because this is a summary that is intended to address only the
material U.S. federal income tax consequences generally
relevant to all stockholders relating to the ownership and
disposition of our stock, it may not contain all the information
that may be important to you. The discussion does not cover
state or local tax laws or any U.S. federal tax laws other
than income tax laws.
We urge you to consult your own tax advisor regarding the
specific tax consequences to you of the acquisition, ownership,
and disposition of our stock and of our election to be taxed as
a REIT. Specifically, you should consult your own tax advisor
regarding the U.S. federal, state, local, foreign, and
other tax consequences of such acquisition, ownership,
disposition, and election, and regarding potential changes in
applicable tax laws.
General
We elected to be taxed as a REIT commencing with our taxable
year ended December 31, 1994. We believe that we have been
organized and operated in a manner that permits us to satisfy
the requirements for taxation as a REIT under the applicable
provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. Qualification and
taxation as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet, through
actual annual operating results, distribution levels and
diversity of stock ownership, the various qualification tests
imposed under the Internal Revenue Code discussed below.
Although we intend to continue to operate to satisfy such
requirements, no assurance can be given that the actual results
of our operations for any particular taxable year will satisfy
such requirements. See Failure to
Qualify.
The provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, U.S. Treasury
regulations promulgated thereunder and other U.S. federal
income tax laws relating to qualification and operation as a
REIT are highly technical and complex. The following sets forth
the material aspects of the laws that govern the
U.S. federal income tax treatment of a REIT. This summary
is qualified in its entirety by the applicable Internal Revenue
Code provisions, rules and U.S. Treasury regulations
thereunder, and administrative and judicial interpretations
thereof. Further, the anticipated income tax treatment described
in this prospectus supplement may be changed, perhaps
retroactively, by legislative, administrative or judicial action
at any time.
Baker & McKenzie LLP has acted as our tax counsel in
connection with the filing of this prospectus supplement. In
connection with this filing, Baker & McKenzie LLP will
opine that we have been organized and have operated in
conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation
as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code for each of our
taxable years beginning with the taxable year ended
December 31, 1994 through our taxable year ended
December 31, 2005. If we continue to be organized and
operated after December 31, 2005 in the same manner as we
have prior to that date, we will continue to qualify as a REIT.
The opinion of Baker & McKenzie LLP will be based on
various assumptions and representations made by us as to factual
matters, including representations made by us in this prospectus
supplement and a factual certificate provided by one of our
officers. Moreover, our qualification and taxation as a REIT
depends upon our ability to meet the various qualification tests
imposed under the Internal Revenue Code and discussed below,
relating to our actual annual operating results, asset
diversification, distribution levels, and diversity of stock
ownership, the results of which have not been and will not be
reviewed by Baker & McKenzie LLP. Accordingly, neither
Baker & McKenzie LLP nor we can assure you that the
actual results of our operations for any particular taxable year
will satisfy these requirements. See Failure
to Qualify.
In brief, if certain detailed conditions imposed by the REIT
provisions of the Internal Revenue Code are satisfied, entities,
such as us, that invest primarily in real estate and that
otherwise would be treated for U.S. federal income tax
purposes as corporations, generally are not taxed at the
corporate level on their REIT taxable income that is
distributed currently to stockholders. This treatment
substantially eliminates the double taxation (i.e.,
taxation at both the corporate and stockholder levels) that
generally results from investing in corporations under current
law.
S-43
If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any year, however, we will be
subject to U.S. federal income tax as if we were an
ordinary corporation and our stockholders will be taxed in the
same manner as stockholders of ordinary corporations. In that
event, we could be subject to significant tax liabilities, the
amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders
could be reduced and we would not be obligated to make any
distributions. Moreover, we could be disqualified from taxation
as a REIT for four taxable years. See Failure
to Qualify.
Taxation of Essex
The following is a general summary of the Internal Revenue Code
provisions that govern the federal income tax treatment of a
REIT and its stockholders.
In any year in which we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not
be subject to U.S. federal income tax on that portion of
our net income that we distribute to stockholders. This
treatment substantially eliminates the double
taxation (at the corporate and stockholder levels) that
generally results from investment in a corporation. However, we
will be subject to U.S. federal income tax as follows:
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First, we will be taxed at regular corporate rates on any
undistributed REIT taxable income, including undistributed net
capital gain. (However, we can elect to pass through
any of our taxes paid on our undistributed net capital gain
income to our stockholders on a pro rata basis in which case, as
explained further below, such taxes would be credited or
refunded to the stockholder.) |
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Second, under certain circumstances, we may be subject to the
alternative minimum tax on our items of tax
preference. |
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Third, if we have (a) net income from the sale or other
disposition of foreclosure property, which is, in
general, property acquired on foreclosure or otherwise on
default on a loan secured by such real property or a lease of
such property, which is held primarily for sale to customers in
the ordinary course of business or (b) other nonqualifying
income from foreclosure property, we will be subject to tax at
the highest corporate rate on such income. |
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Fourth, if we have net income from prohibited
transactions, which are, in general, sales or other
dispositions of property held primarily for sale to customers in
the ordinary course of business, generally other than
foreclosure property and property involuntarily converted, such
income will be subject to a 100% penalty tax. |
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Fifth, if we should fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or
the 95% gross income test (as discussed below), but nonetheless
maintain our qualification as a REIT because certain other
requirements have been met, we will be subject to a 100% tax on
an amount equal to (a) the gross income attributable to the
greater of the amount by which we fail the 75% gross income test
or the amount by which 90% (95% for taxable years beginning on
or after January 1, 2005) of our gross income exceeds the
amount of income qualifying under the 95% gross income test
multiplied by (b) a fraction intended to reflect our
profitability. |
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Sixth, if we should fail to satisfy the asset test (as discussed
below) but nonetheless maintain our qualification as a REIT
because certain other requirements have been met, we may be
subject to a tax that would be the greater of (a) $50,000;
or (b) an amount determined by multiplying the highest rate
of tax for corporations by the net income generated by the
assets for the period beginning on the first date of the failure
and ending on the day we dispose of the assets (or otherwise
satisfy the requirements for maintaining REIT qualification). |
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Seventh, if we should fail to satisfy one or more requirements
for REIT qualification, other than the 95% and 75% gross income
tests and other than the asset test, but nonetheless maintain
our qualification as a REIT because certain other requirements
have been met, we may be subject to a $50,000 penalty for each
failure. |
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Eighth, if we should fail to distribute during each calendar
year at least the sum of (1) 85% of our ordinary income for
such year, (2) 95% of our net capital gain income for such
year, and (3) any |
S-44
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undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we will be
subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the excess of such
required distribution over the amounts distributed. |
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Ninth, assuming we do not elect to instead be taxed at the time
of the acquisition, if we acquire any asset from a C corporation
(i.e., a corporation generally subject to full corporate level
tax) in a transaction in which the basis of the asset in our
hands is determined by reference to the basis of the asset (or
any other property) in the hands of the C corporation, we would
be subject to tax at the highest corporate rate if we dispose of
such asset during the
10-year period
beginning on the date that we acquired that asset, to the extent
of such propertys built-in gain (the excess of
the fair market value of such property at the time of our
acquisition over the adjusted basis of such property at such
time). We refer to this tax as the Built-in Gains
Tax. |
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Tenth, we may be subject to a 100% excise tax if our dealings
with our taxable REIT subsidiaries, defined below, are not at
arms length. |
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Finally, any earnings we derive through a taxable REIT
subsidiary will effectively be subject to a corporate-level tax. |
Requirements for Qualification
The Internal Revenue Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust
or association (1) which is managed by one or more trustees
or directors; (2) the beneficial ownership of which is
evidenced by transferable shares, or by transferable
certificates of beneficial interest; (3) which would be
taxable as a domestic corporation, but for Sections 856
through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code; (4) which is
neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject
to certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code; (5) the
beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons;
(6) not more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock of
which is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer
individuals, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code, at any
time during the last half of each taxable year (the 5/50
Rule); and (7) which meets certain other tests,
described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets.
The Internal Revenue Code provides that conditions (1) to
(4), inclusive, must be met during the entire taxable year and
that condition (5) must be met during at least
335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a
proportionate part of a taxable year of less than
12 months. If we were to fail to satisfy condition
(6) during a taxable year, that failure would not result in
our disqualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code
for such taxable year as long as (i) we satisfied the
stockholder demand statement requirements described in the
succeeding paragraph and (ii) we did not know, or
exercising reasonable diligence would not have known, whether we
had failed condition (6).
We believe we have issued sufficient stock with sufficient
diversity of ownership to satisfy conditions (5) and
(6) above. We may redeem, at our option, a sufficient
number of shares or restrict the transfer thereof to bring or
maintain the ownership of the shares in conformity with the
requirements of the Internal Revenue Code. In order to ensure
compliance with the ownership tests described above, we have
certain restrictions on the transfer of our stock to prevent
further concentration of stock ownership. Our charter restricts
the transfer of our shares in order to assist in satisfying the
share ownership requirements.
Moreover, to evidence compliance with these requirements, we
must maintain records which disclose the actual ownership of our
outstanding stock. In fulfilling our obligations to maintain
records, we must and will demand written statements each year
from the record holders of designated percentages of our stock
disclosing the actual owners of our stock. A list of those
persons failing or refusing to comply with such demand must be
maintained as part of our records. A stockholder failing or
refusing to comply with our written demand must submit with his
federal income tax returns a similar statement disclosing the
actual ownership of our stock and certain other information.
Although we intend to satisfy the stockholder demand letter
rules described in this paragraph, our failure to satisfy these
requirements will not result in our disqualification as a REIT
but may result in the imposition of Internal Revenue Service
penalties against us.
We currently have several direct corporate subsidiaries and may
have additional corporate subsidiaries in the future. Certain of
our corporate subsidiaries will be treated as qualified
REIT subsidiaries under the
S-45
Internal Revenue Code. A corporation will qualify as a qualified
REIT subsidiary if we own 100% of its outstanding stock and we
and the subsidiary do not jointly elect to treat it as a
taxable REIT subsidiary as described below. A
corporation that is a qualified REIT subsidiary is not treated
as a separate corporation, and all assets, liabilities and items
of income, deduction and credit of a qualified REIT subsidiary
are treated as assets, liabilities and items of income,
deduction and credit (as the case may be) of the parent REIT for
all purposes under the Internal Revenue Code (including all REIT
qualification tests). Thus, in applying the requirements
described in this prospectus supplement, the subsidiaries in
which we own a 100% interest (other than taxable REIT
subsidiaries) will be ignored, and all assets, liabilities and
items of income, deduction and credit of such subsidiaries will
be treated as our assets, liabilities and items of income,
deduction and credit. A qualified REIT subsidiary is not subject
to U.S. federal income tax and our ownership of the stock
of such a subsidiary will not violate the REIT asset tests,
described below under Asset Tests.
A REIT may also hold any direct or indirect interest in a
corporation that qualifies as a taxable REIT
subsidiary, as long as the REITs aggregate holdings
of taxable REIT subsidiary securities do not exceed 20% of the
value of the REITs total assets. A taxable REIT subsidiary
is a fully taxable corporation that generally is permitted to
engage in businesses, own assets, and earn income that, if
engaged in, owned, or earned by the REIT, might jeopardize REIT
status or result in the imposition of penalty taxes on the REIT.
To qualify as a taxable REIT subsidiary, the subsidiary and the
REIT must make a joint election to treat the subsidiary as a
taxable REIT subsidiary. A taxable REIT subsidiary also includes
any corporation (other than a REIT or a qualified REIT
subsidiary) in which a taxable REIT subsidiary directly or
indirectly owns more than 35% of the total voting power or
value. See Asset Tests below. A taxable
REIT subsidiary will pay tax at regular corporate income rates
on any taxable income it earns. Moreover, the Internal Revenue
Code contains rules, including rules requiring the imposition of
taxes on a REIT at the rate of 100% on certain reallocated
income and expenses, to ensure that contractual arrangements
between a taxable REIT subsidiary and its parent REIT are at
arms-length.
In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership,
U.S. Treasury regulations provide that the REIT will be
deemed to own its proportionate share, generally based on its
pro rata share of capital interest in the partnership, of the
assets of the partnership and will be deemed to be entitled to
the gross income of the partnership attributable to such share.
In addition, the character of the assets and gross income of the
partnership shall retain the same character in the hands of the
REIT for purposes of the gross income tests and the asset tests,
described below. Thus, our proportionate share of the assets,
liabilities and items of income of our Operating Partnership
will be treated as our assets, liabilities and items of income
for purposes of applying the requirements described below. See
Investments in Partnerships.
Asset Tests
At the close of each quarter of our taxable year, we generally
must satisfy three tests relating to the nature of our assets.
First, at least 75% of the value of our total assets must be
represented by interests in real property, interests in
mortgages on real property, shares in other REITs, cash, cash
items and government securities (as well as certain temporary
investments in stock or debt instruments purchased with the
proceeds of new capital raised by us). Second, although the
remaining 25% of our assets generally may be invested without
restriction, securities in this class generally may not exceed
either (1) 5% of the value of our total assets as to any
one nongovernment issuer (the 5% asset test),
(2) 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one
issuer (the 10% voting securities test), or
(3) 10% of the value of the outstanding securities of any
one issuer (the 10% value test). Third, not more
than 20% of the total value of our assets can be represented by
securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries
(described below). Securities for purposes of the above 5% and
10% asset tests may include debt securities, including debt
issued by a partnership.
Debt of an issuer will not count as a security for purposes of
the 10% value test if the security qualifies for any of a number
of exceptions applicable, for example, as straight
debt, as specially defined for this purpose to include
certain debt issued by partnerships, and to include certain
other debt that is not considered to be abusive and that
presents minimal opportunity to share in the business profits of
the issuer. Beginning
S-46
in 2005, solely for purposes of the 10% value test, a
REITs interest in the assets of a partnership will be
based upon the REITs proportionate interest in any
securities issued by the partnership (including, for this
purpose, the REITs interest as a partner in the
partnership and any debt securities issued by the partnership,
but excluding any securities qualifying for the straight
debt or other exceptions described above), valuing any
debt instrument at its adjusted issue price.
We and a corporation in which we own stock may make a joint
election for such subsidiary to be treated as a taxable
REIT subsidiary. A taxable REIT subsidiary also includes
any corporation other than a REIT with respect to which a
taxable REIT subsidiary owns securities possessing more than 35%
of the total voting power or value of the outstanding securities
of such corporation. Other than some activities relating to
lodging and health care facilities, a taxable REIT subsidiary
may generally engage in any business, including the provision of
customary or non-customary services to tenants of its parent
REIT. The securities of a taxable REIT subsidiary are not
subject to the 5% asset test and the 10% vote and value tests
described above. Instead, as discussed above, a separate asset
test applies to taxable REIT subsidiaries. The rules regarding
taxable REIT subsidiaries contain provisions generally intended
to insure that transactions between a REIT and its taxable REIT
subsidiary occur at arms length and on
commercially reasonable terms. These requirements include a
provision that prevents a taxable REIT subsidiary from deducting
interest on direct or indirect indebtedness to its parent REIT
if, under a specified series of tests, the taxable REIT
subsidiary is considered to have an excessive interest expense
level or debt-to-equity
ratio. In addition, a 100% penalty tax can be imposed on the
REIT if its loans to or rental, service or other agreements with
its taxable REIT subsidiaries are determined not to be on
arms length terms. No assurances can be given that
Essexs loans to or rental, service or other agreements
with its taxable REIT subsidiary will be on arms length
terms. A taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to a corporate level
tax on its net taxable income, as a result of which our earnings
derived through a taxable REIT subsidiary are effectively
subject to a corporate level tax notwithstanding our status as a
REIT. To the extent that a taxable REIT subsidiary pays
dividends to us in a particular calendar year, we may designate
a corresponding portion of dividends we pay to our stockholders
during that year as qualified dividend income
eligible to be taxed at reduced rates to noncorporate
recipients. See Taxation of Taxable
U.S. Holders.
We have made elections to treat several of our corporate
subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries. We believe that the
value of the securities we hold of our taxable REIT subsidiaries
does not and will not represent more than 20% of our total
assets, and that all transactions between us and our taxable
REIT subsidiaries are conducted on arms length terms. In
addition, we believe that the amount of our assets that are not
qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset test will
continue to represent less than 25% of our total assets and will
satisfy the 5% and both 10% asset tests.
We believe that substantially all of our assets consist and,
after the offering, will consist of (1) real properties,
(2) stock or debt investments that earn qualified temporary
investment income, (3) other qualified real estate assets,
and (4) cash, cash items and government securities. We may
also invest in securities of other entities, provided that such
investments will not prevent us from satisfying the asset and
income tests for REIT qualification set forth above.
For taxable years beginning in 2005, if we fail to satisfy the
5% and/or 10% asset tests for a particular quarter, we will not
lose our REIT status if the failure is due to the ownership of
assets the total value of which does not exceed a specified de
minimis threshold, provided that we come into compliance with
the asset tests within six months after the last day of the
quarter in which we identify the failure. In addition, for
taxable years beginning in 2005, other failures to satisfy the
asset tests generally will not result in a loss of REIT status
if (i) following our identification of the failure, we file
a schedule with the Internal Revenue Service describing each
asset that caused the failure; (ii) the failure was due to
reasonable cause and not to willful neglect; (iii) we come
into compliance with the asset tests within six months after the
last day of the quarter in which the failure was identified; and
(iv) we pay an excise tax equal to the greater of $50,000
or an amount determined by multiplying the highest corporate tax
rate by the net income generated by the prohibited assets for
the period beginning on the first date of the failure and ending
on the date we come into compliance with the asset tests.
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Gross Income Tests
We must satisfy two separate percentage tests relating to the
sources of our gross income for each taxable year. For purposes
of these tests, where we invest in a partnership, we will be
treated as receiving our pro rata share based on our capital
interest in the partnership of the gross income and loss of the
partnership, and the gross income of the partnership will retain
the same character in our hands as it has in the hands of the
partnership. See Investments in
Partnerships.
The 75% Test
At least 75% of our gross income for a taxable year must be
qualifying income. Qualifying income generally
includes (1) rents from real property (except as modified
below); (2) interest on obligations collateralized by
mortgages on, or interests in, real property; (3) gains
from the sale or other disposition of interests in real property
and real estate mortgages, other than gain from property held
primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our
trade or business (dealer property);
(4) dividends or other distributions on shares in other
REITs, as well as gain from the sale of such shares;
(5) abatements and refunds of real property taxes;
(6) income from the operation, and gain from the sale, of
property acquired at or in lieu of a foreclosure of the mortgage
collateralized by such property (foreclosure
property); (7) commitment fees received for agreeing
to make loans collateralized by mortgages on real property or to
purchase or lease real property; and (8) income from
temporary investments in stock or debt instruments purchased
with the proceeds of new capital raised by us.
Rents received from a tenant will not, however, qualify as rents
from real property in satisfying the 75% test (or the 95% test
described below) if we, or an owner of 10% or more of our equity
securities, directly or constructively owns (i) in the case
of any tenant that is a corporation, stock possessing 10% or
more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock
entitled to vote, or 10% or more of the total value of shares of
all classes of stock of such tenant; or (ii) in the case of
any tenant that is not a corporation, an interest of 10% or more
in the assets or net profits of such tenant (a related
party tenant), unless the related party tenant is a
taxable REIT subsidiary and certain other requirements are
satisfied. In addition, if rent attributable to personal
property, leased in connection with a lease of real property, is
greater than 15% of the total rent received under the lease,
then the portion of rent attributable to such personal property
will not qualify as rents from real property. Moreover, an
amount received or accrued generally will not qualify as rents
from real property (or as interest income) for purposes of the
75% test and 95% test (described below) if it is based in whole
or in part on the income or profits of any person. Rent or
interest will not be disqualified, however, solely by reason of
being based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or
sales. Finally, for rents received to qualify as rents from real
property, we generally must not operate or manage the property
or furnish or render certain services to tenants, other than
through an independent contractor who is adequately
compensated and from whom we derive no revenue or through a
taxable REIT subsidiary. The independent contractor
or taxable REIT subsidiary requirement, however, does not apply
to the extent that the services provided by us are usually
or customarily rendered in connection with the rental of
space for occupancy only, and are not otherwise considered
rendered to the occupant. For both the related party
tenant rules and determining whether an entity qualifies as an
independent contractor of a REIT, certain attribution rules of
the Internal Revenue Code apply, pursuant to which ownership
interests in certain entities held by one entity are deemed held
by certain other related entities.
In general, if a REIT provides impermissible services to its
tenants, all of the rent from that property will be disqualified
from satisfying the 75% test and 95% test (described below).
However, rents will not be disqualified if a REIT provides de
minimis impermissible services. For this purpose, services
provided to tenants of a property are considered de minimis
where income derived from the services rendered equals 1% or
less of all income derived from the property (as determined on a
property-by-property basis). For purposes of the 1% threshold,
the amount treated as received for any service shall not be less
than 150% of the direct cost incurred by the REIT in furnishing
or rendering the service.
We do not receive any rent that is based on the income or
profits of any person. In addition, we do not own, directly or
indirectly, 10% or more of any tenant (other than, perhaps, a
tenant that is a taxable REIT
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subsidiary where other requirements are satisfied). Furthermore,
we believe that any personal property rented in connection with
our apartment facilities is well within the 15% restriction.
Finally, we do not believe that we provide services, other than
within the 1% de minimis exception described above, to our
tenants that are not customarily furnished or rendered in
connection with the rental of property, other than through an
independent contractor or a taxable REIT subsidiary. Essex does
not intend to rent to any related party, to base any rent on the
income or profits of any person (other than rents that are based
on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales), or
to charge rents that would otherwise not qualify as rents from
real property.
The 95% Test
In addition to deriving 75% of our gross income from the sources
listed above, at least 95% of our gross income for a taxable
year must be derived from the above-described qualifying income,
or from dividends, interest or gains from the sale or
disposition of stock or other securities that are not dealer
property. Dividends from a corporation (including a taxable REIT
subsidiary) and interest on any obligation not collateralized by
an interest on real property are included for purposes of the
95% test, but not (except with respect to dividends from a REIT)
for purposes of the 75% test. For purposes of determining
whether we comply with the 75% and 95% tests, gross income does
not include income from prohibited transactions
(discussed below).
From time to time, we may enter into hedging transactions with
respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Our hedging
activities may include entering into interest rate or other
swaps, caps and floors, or options to purchase such items, and
futures and forward contracts. Through the end of our 2004 tax
year, to the extent we entered into an interest rate swap or cap
contract, option, futures contract, forward rate agreement or
any similar financial instrument to hedge our indebtedness
incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets, any
periodic income or gain from the disposition of such contract
was qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test,
but not the 75% gross income test. For tax years beginning on or
after January 1, 2005, to the extent a transaction meets
certain identification requirements and hedges any indebtedness
incurred or to be incurred to acquire or carry real estate
assets, including interest rate hedges as well as other
types of hedges, any income or gain from the disposition of such
a hedging transaction will be disregarded in applying the 95%
gross income test, but will continue to be taken into account as
nonqualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test.
To the extent that we hedge with other types of financial
instruments, or in other situations, it is not entirely clear
how the income from those transactions will be treated for
purposes of the gross income tests. We intend to structure any
hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our
status as a REIT.
Our investment in apartment communities generally gives rise to
rental income that is qualifying income for purposes of the 75%
and 95% gross income tests. Gains on sales of apartment
communities, other than from prohibited transactions, as
described below, or of our interest in a partnership generally
will be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross
income tests. We anticipate that income on our other investments
will not result in our failing the 75% or 95% gross income test
for any year.
Even if we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% tests
for any taxable year, we may still qualify as a REIT for such
year if we are entitled to relief under certain provisions of
the Internal Revenue Code. These relief provisions will
generally be available if our failure to comply was due to
reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, and we timely
comply with requirements for reporting each item of our income
to the Internal Revenue Service. It is not possible, however, to
state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to the
benefit of these relief provisions. Even if these relief
provisions applied, a 100% penalty tax would be imposed on the
amount by which we failed the 75% gross income test or the
amount by which 90% (95% for taxable years beginning on or after
January 1, 2005) of our gross income exceeds the amount of
income qualifying under the 95% gross income test (whichever
amount is greater), multiplied by a fraction intended to reflect
our profitability.
Subject to certain safe harbor exceptions, any gain realized by
us on the sale of any property held as inventory or other
property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary
course of business will be
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treated as income from a prohibited transaction that is subject
to a 100% penalty tax. Such prohibited transaction income may
also have an adverse effect upon our ability to qualify as a
REIT. Under existing law, whether property is held as inventory
or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a
trade or business is a question of fact that depends on all the
facts and circumstances with respect to the particular
transaction.
Annual Distribution Requirements
To qualify as a REIT, we are required to distribute dividends
(other than capital gain dividends) to our stockholders each
year in an amount equal to at least (A) the sum of
(i) 90% of our REIT taxable income (computed without regard
to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain) and
(ii) 90% of the net income (after tax), if any, from
foreclosure property, minus (B) the sum of certain items of
non-cash income over 5% of our REIT taxable income. Such
distributions must be paid in the taxable year to which they
relate, or in the following taxable year if declared before we
timely file our tax return for such year and if paid on or
before the first regular dividend payment after such
declaration, provided such payment is made during the
12-month period
following the close of such taxable year. These distributions
are taxable to stockholders in the year in which paid, even
though the distributions relate to our prior taxable year for
purposes of the 90% distribution requirement.
To the extent that we do not distribute all of our net capital
gain or distribute at least 90%, but less than 100%, of our REIT
taxable income, as adjusted, we will be subject to tax on the
undistributed amount at regular corporate tax rates, as the case
may be. (However, we can elect to pass through any
of our taxes paid on our undistributed net capital gain income
to our stockholders on a pro rata basis.) Furthermore, if we
should fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the
sum of (1) 85% of our ordinary income for such year,
(2) 95% of our net capital gain income for such year, and
(3) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we
would be subject to a non-deductible 4% excise tax on the excess
of such required distribution over the sum of the amounts
actually distributed and the amount of any net capital gains we
elected to retain and pay tax on. For these and other purposes,
dividends declared by us in October, November or December of one
taxable year and payable to a stockholder of record on a
specific date in any such month shall be treated as both paid by
us and received by the stockholder during such taxable year,
provided that the dividend is actually paid by us by January 31
of the following taxable year.
If we fail to meet the distribution requirements as a result of
an adjustment to our tax return by the Internal Revenue Service
or we determine that we understated our income on a filed
return, we may retroactively cure the failure by paying a
deficiency dividend (plus applicable penalties and
interest) within a specified period.
We believe that we have made timely distributions sufficient to
satisfy the annual distribution requirements. It is possible
that in the future we may not have sufficient cash or other
liquid assets to meet the distribution requirements, due to
timing differences between the actual receipt of income and
actual payment of expenses on the one hand, and the inclusion of
such income and deduction of such expenses in computing our REIT
taxable income on the other hand. Further, as described below,
it is possible that, from time to time, we may be allocated a
share of net capital gain attributable to the sale of
depreciated property that exceeds our allocable share of cash
attributable to that sale. To avoid any problem with the
distribution requirements, we will closely monitor the
relationship between our REIT taxable income and cash flow and,
if necessary, will borrow funds or issue preferred or common
stock to satisfy the distribution requirement. We may be
required to borrow funds at times when market conditions are not
favorable.
Prohibited Transaction Rules
A REIT will incur a 100% penalty tax on the net income derived
from a sale or other disposition of property, other than
foreclosure property, that the REIT holds primarily for sale to
customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business (a
prohibited transaction). Under a safe harbor
provision in the Internal Revenue Code, however, income from
certain sales of real property held by the REIT for at least
four years at the time of the disposition will not be treated as
income from a prohibited transaction. Whether a REIT
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holds an asset primarily for sale to customers in the
ordinary course of a trade or business depends, however,
on the facts and circumstances in effect from time to time,
including those related to a particular asset. Although we will
attempt to ensure that none of our sales of property will
constitute a prohibited transaction, we cannot assure you that
none of such sales will be so treated.
Failure to Qualify
For taxable years beginning in 2005, if we should fail to
satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification, other
than the gross income tests and asset tests, we may retain our
REIT qualification if the failures are due to reasonable cause
and not willful neglect, and if we pay a penalty of $50,000 for
each such failure.
If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year
and the relief provisions do not apply, we will be subject to
tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our
taxable income at regular corporate rates. Distributions to
stockholders in any year in which we fail to qualify will not be
deductible by us, nor will they be required to be made. In such
event, to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and
profits, all distributions to stockholders will be taxable as
ordinary income, and, subject to certain limitations in the
Internal Revenue Code, corporate distributees may be eligible
for the dividends received deduction and noncorporate
distributees may be eligible to treat the dividends as
qualified dividend income taxable at capital gain
rates. See Taxation of Taxable
U.S. Holders. Unless entitled to relief under
specific statutory provisions, we will also be disqualified from
taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year
during which qualification was lost. It is not possible to state
whether we would be entitled to such statutory relief.
Investments in Partnerships
General
We hold a direct ownership interest in our Operating
Partnership. In general, partnerships are
pass-through entities which are not subject to
U.S. federal income tax. Rather, partners are allocated
their proportionate shares of the items of income, gain, loss,
deduction and credit of a partnership, and are potentially
subject to tax thereon, without regard to whether the partners
receive a distribution from the partnership. The allocation of
partnership income or loss must comply with rules for allocating
partnership income or loss under Section 704(b) of the
Internal Revenue Code and U.S. Treasury regulations
thereunder. Our Operating Partnerships allocations of
taxable income and loss are intended to comply with the
requirements of Section 704(b) of the Internal Revenue Code
and U.S. Treasury regulations thereunder. We include our
allocable share of items of partnership income, gain, loss
deduction and credit in the computation of our REIT taxable
income. Moreover, we include our proportionate share, based on
our capital interest in a partnership, of the foregoing
partnership items for purposes of the various REIT income tests.
See Taxation of Essex and
Gross Income Tests. Any resultant
increase in our REIT taxable income increases our distribution
requirements, but is not subject to U.S. federal income tax
in our hands provided that such income is distributed to our
stockholders. See Annual Distribution
Requirements. In addition, for purposes of the REIT asset
tests, we include our proportionate share, generally based on
our capital interest in the partnership, of assets held by the
partnerships. See Asset Tests.
Tax Allocations with Respect to the Properties
Pursuant to Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code,
income, gain, loss and deduction attributable to appreciated or
depreciated property that is contributed to a partnership in
exchange for an interest in the partnership (such as some of our
properties), must be allocated in a manner such that the
contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from,
respectively, the unrealized gain or unrealized loss associated
with the property at the time of the contribution. The amount of
such unrealized gain or unrealized loss generally is equal to
the difference between the fair market value of contributed
property at the time of contribution, and the adjusted tax basis
of such property at the time of contribution (a book-tax
difference). Such allocations are solely for
U.S. federal income tax purposes and do not affect the book
capital accounts or other economic
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or legal arrangements among the partners. Our Operating
Partnership has property subject to book-tax differences.
Consequently, the partnership agreement of our Operating
Partnership requires such allocations to be made in a manner
consistent with Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code.
In general, the partners who contributed appreciated assets to
our Operating Partnership will be allocated lower amounts of
depreciation deductions for tax purposes and increased taxable
income and gain on sale by our Operating Partnership of the
contributed assets (including some of our properties). This will
tend to eliminate the book-tax difference over time. However,
the special allocation rules under Section 704(c) of the
Internal Revenue Code do not always entirely rectify the
book-tax difference on an annual basis or with respect to a
specific taxable transaction, such as a sale. Thus, the
carryover basis of the contributed assets in the hands of our
Operating Partnership can be expected to cause us to be
allocated lower depreciation and other deductions, and possibly
greater amounts of taxable income in the event of a sale of such
contributed assets, in excess of the economic or book income
allocated to us as a result of such sale. This may cause us to
recognize taxable income in excess of cash proceeds, which might
adversely affect our ability to comply with the REIT
distribution requirements. See Annual
Distribution Requirements.
Certain Loss Limitations
The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, or the 2004 Act, added
Section 470 to the Internal Revenue Code, which provides
certain limitations on the utilization of losses allocable to
leased property owned by a partnership having both taxable and
tax-exempt partners such as our Operating Partnership.
Currently, it is unclear how the transition rules and effective
dates set forth in the 2004 Act will apply to entities such as
our Operating Partnership. Moreover, it is uncertain how the
general rules of this provision will apply. However, the IRS
issued a notice stating that it will not apply Section 470
to partnerships for taxable years beginning before
January 1, 2006 based solely on the fact that a partnership
had both taxable and tax-exempt partners. It is important to
note that this notice provides relief for our Operating
Partnerships taxable year ending December 31, 2005
only. Accordingly, commencing with our taxable year beginning
January 1, 2006, unless Congress passes corrective
legislation which addresses this issue or some other form of
relief, certain losses generated with respect to properties
owned by our Operating Partnership may be disallowed until
future years. This could increase the amount of distributions we
are required to make in a particular year in order to meet the
REIT distribution requirements and also could increase the
portion of distributions to our stockholders that are taxable as
dividends.
Other Federal Income Tax Considerations
Like-Kind Exchanges
We may dispose of properties in transactions intended to qualify
as like-kind exchanges under the Internal Revenue Code. Such
like-kind exchanges are intended to result in the deferral of
gain for federal income tax purposes. The failure of any such
transaction to qualify as a like-kind exchange could subject us
to federal income tax, possibly including the 100% prohibited
transaction tax, depending on the facts and circumstances
surrounding the particular transaction.
Possible Legislative or Other Actions Affecting Tax
Considerations
Prospective investors should recognize that the present
U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in us
may be modified by legislative, judicial or administrative
action at any time, and that any such action may affect
investments and commitments previously made. The rules dealing
with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under
review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the
Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Treasury Department,
resulting in revisions of regulations and revised
interpretations of established concepts as well as statutory
changes. Revisions in U.S. federal tax laws and
interpretations thereof could adversely affect the tax
consequences of an investment in us.
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Investment in Our Stock
The following summary describes certain U.S. federal income
tax consequences relating to the purchase, ownership, and
disposition of our stock as of the date hereof. Except where
noted, this summary deals only with stock held as a capital
asset and does not deal with special situations, such as those
persons whose functional currency for U.S. federal income tax
purposes is not the U.S. dollar, persons liable for the
alternative minimum tax, of dealers in securities or currencies,
tax-exempt organizations, individual retirement accounts and
other tax deferred accounts, financial institutions, life
insurance companies, or persons holding our stock as a part of a
hedging or conversion transaction or a straddle. Furthermore,
the discussion below is based upon the current U.S. federal
income tax laws and interpretations thereof as of the date
hereof. Such authorities may be repealed, revoked, or modified
(possibly with retroactive effect) so as to result in
U.S. federal income tax consequences different from those
discussed below. In addition, except as otherwise indicated, the
following summary does not consider the effect of any applicable
foreign, state, local, or other tax laws or estate or gift tax
considerations.
If an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal
income tax purposes holds our stock, the tax treatment of a
partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status
of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are
a partner of a partnership holding our stock, you should consult
your tax advisor regarding the tax consequences of the ownership
and disposition of our stock.
U.S. Holders
As used herein, a U.S. holder of our stock
means a holder that for U.S. federal income tax purposes is:
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a citizen or resident of the United States; |
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a corporation or other entity treated as a corporation for
U.S. federal income tax purposes that is created or
organized in or under the laws of the United States or any
political subdivision thereof; |
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an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal
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a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise
primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one
or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all
substantial decisions of the trust or (b) it has a valid
election in place to be treated as a U.S. person or
otherwise is treated as a U.S. person. |
Taxation of Taxable U.S. Holders
Distributions. As long as we qualify as a REIT,
distributions made to our taxable U.S. holders out of
current or accumulated earnings and profits (and not designated
as capital gain dividends or qualified dividend
income) will be taken into account by them as ordinary
income, and U.S. holders that are corporations will not be
entitled to a dividends received deduction. Qualified
dividend income generally includes dividends received from
ordinary U.S. corporations and from certain qualified
foreign corporations, provided that certain stock holding period
requirements are met. Qualified dividend income of
noncorporate taxpayers is currently taxed as net capital gain,
thus reducing the maximum tax rate on such dividends to 15% for
taxable years ending after December 31, 2002 and beginning
before January 1, 2009. An extension was recently enacted,
maintaining the reduced rates for an additional two years.
In general, dividends paid by REITs are not eligible for the 15%
tax rate on qualified dividend income and, as a
result, our ordinary REIT dividends will continue to be taxed at
the ordinary income tax rate. Dividends received by a
noncorporate stockholder could be treated as qualified
dividend income, however, to the extent we have dividend
received income from taxable corporations (such as a taxable
REIT subsidiary) and to the extent such dividends are
attributable to income that is subject to tax at the REIT level
(for example, if we distributed less than 100% of our taxable
income). In general, to qualify for the reduced tax rate on
qualified dividend income, a stockholder must hold our stock for
more than 60 days during the
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121-day period
beginning on the date that is 60 days before the date on
which our stock becomes ex-dividend.
To the extent we make distributions in excess of current and
accumulated earnings and profits, these distributions are
treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the
U.S. holder, reducing the tax basis of a
U.S. holders stock by the amount of such distribution
(but not below zero), with distributions in excess of the
U.S. holders tax basis treated as proceeds from a
sale of stock, the tax treatment of which is described below.
Distributions will generally be taxable, if at all, in the year
of the distribution. However, any dividend declared by us in
October, November or December of any year and payable to a
U.S. holder who held our stock on a specified record date
in any such month shall be treated as both paid by us and
received by the U.S. holder on December 31 of such
year, provided that the dividend is actually paid by us during
January of the following calendar year.
In general, distributions which are designated by us as capital
gain dividends will be taxable to U.S. holders as gain from
the sale of assets held for greater than one year, or
long-term term capital gain. That treatment will
apply regardless of the period for which a U.S. holder has
held the stock upon which the capital gain dividend is paid.
However, corporate U.S. holders may be required to treat up
to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income.
Noncorporate taxpayers are generally taxable at a current
maximum tax rate of 15% for long-term capital gain attributable
to sales or exchanges. A portion of any capital gain dividends
received by noncorporate taxpayers might be subject to tax at a
25% rate to the extent attributable to gains realized on the
sale of real property that correspond to our unrecaptured
Section 1250 gain.
We may elect to retain, rather than distribute as a capital gain
dividend, our net long-term capital gains. In such event, we
would pay tax on such retained net long-term capital gains. In
addition, to the extent designated by us, a U.S. holder
generally would (1) include his proportionate share of such
undistributed long-term capital gains in computing his long-term
capital gains for his taxable year in which the last day of our
taxable year falls (subject to certain limitations as to the
amount so includable), (2) be deemed to have paid the
capital gains tax imposed on us on the designated amounts
included in such U.S. holders long-term capital
gains, (3) receive a credit or refund for such amount of
tax deemed paid by the U.S. holder, (4) increase the
adjusted basis of his stock by the difference between the amount
of such includable gains and the tax deemed to have been paid by
him, and (5) in the case of a U.S. holder that is a
corporation, appropriately adjust its earnings and profits for
the retained capital gains in accordance with U.S. Treasury
regulations (which have not yet been issued).
Distributions made by us and gain arising from the sale or
exchange by a U.S. holder of stock will not be treated as
passive activity income, and as a result, U.S. holders
generally will not be able to apply any passive
losses against this income or gain. U.S. holders may
not include in their individual income tax returns any of our
net operating losses or capital losses.
Disposition of Stock. Upon any taxable sale or other
disposition of our stock, a U.S. holder will recognize gain
or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount
equal to the difference between (1) the amount of cash and
the fair market value of any property received on the sale or
other disposition except with respect to amounts attributable to
accrued but unpaid dividends and (2) the
U.S. holders adjusted basis in the stock for tax
purposes.
This gain or loss will be a capital gain or loss, and will be
long-term capital gain or loss, respectively, if our stock has
been held for more than one year at the time of the disposition.
Noncorporate U.S. holders are generally taxable at a
current maximum rate of 15% on long-term capital gain. The
Internal Revenue Service has the authority to prescribe, but has
not yet prescribed, regulations that would apply a capital gain
tax rate of 25% to a portion of capital gain realized by a
noncorporate U.S. holder on the sale of REIT stock that
would correspond to the REITs unrecaptured
Section 1250 gain. U.S. holders are urged to
consult with their own tax advisors with respect to their
capital gain tax liability. A corporate U.S. holder will be
subject to tax at a maximum rate of 35% on capital gain from the
sale of our stock regardless of its holding period for the stock.
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In general, any loss upon a sale or exchange of our stock by a
U.S. holder who has held such stock for six months or less
(after applying certain holding period rules) will be treated as
a long-term capital loss, to the extent of distributions
(actually made or deemed made in accordance with the discussion
above) from us required to be treated by such U.S. holder
as long-term capital gain.
Dividend Reinvestment Program. Stockholders participating
in our dividend reinvestment program are treated as having
received the gross amount of any cash distributions which would
have been paid by us to such stockholders had they not elected
to participate in the program. These distributions will retain
the character and tax effect applicable to distributions from us
generally. Participants in the dividend reinvestment program are
subject to U.S. federal income and withholding tax on the
amount of the deemed distributions to the extent that such
distributions represent dividends or gains, even though they
receive no cash. Shares of our stock received under the program
will have a holding period beginning with the day after
purchase, and a tax basis equal to their cost (which is the
gross amount of the distribution).
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding. Payments of
dividends on our stock and proceeds received upon the sale,
redemption or other disposition of our stock may be subject to
Internal Revenue Service information reporting and backup
withholding. Payments to certain U.S. holders (including,
among others, corporations and certain tax-exempt organizations)
are generally not subject to information reporting or backup
withholding. Payments to a non-corporate U.S. holder
generally will be subject to information reporting. Such
payments also generally will be subject to backup withholding if
such holder:
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fails to furnish its taxpayer identification number, which for
an individual is ordinarily his or her social security number, |
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furnishes an incorrect taxpayer identification number, |
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is notified by the Internal Revenue Service that it has failed
to properly report payments of interest or dividends, or |
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fails to certify, under penalties of perjury, that it has
furnished a correct taxpayer identification number and that the
Internal Revenue Service has not notified the U.S. holder
that it is subject to backup withholding. |
A U.S. holder that does not provide us with its correct
taxpayer identification number may also be subject to penalties
imposed by the Internal Revenue Service. Any amount paid as
backup withholding will be creditable against the
U.S. holders U.S. federal income tax liability,
if any, and otherwise will be refundable, provided that the
requisite procedures are followed.
You should consult your tax advisor regarding your qualification
for an exemption from backup withholding and information
reporting and the procedures for obtaining such an exemption, if
applicable.
Taxation of Tax-Exempt U.S. Holders
Based upon a published ruling by the Internal Revenue Service, a
distribution by us to, and gain upon a disposition of our stock
by, a U.S. holder that is a tax-exempt entity will not
constitute unrelated business taxable income
(UBTI) provided that the tax-exempt entity has not
financed the acquisition of its stock with acquisition
indebtedness within the meaning of the Internal Revenue
Code and the stock is not otherwise used in an unrelated trade
or business of the tax-exempt entity.
However, for tax-exempt U.S. holders that are social clubs,
voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental
unemployment benefit trusts and qualified group legal services
plans exempt from U.S. federal income taxation under
Sections 501(c)(7), (c)(9), (c)(17) and (c)(20) of the
Internal Revenue Code, respectively, income from an investment
in us will constitute UBTI unless the organization properly sets
aside or reserves such amounts for purposes specified in the
Internal Revenue Code. These tax-exempt U.S. holders should
consult their own tax advisers concerning these set
aside and reserve requirements.
Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, however, a portion of
the dividends paid by us may be treated as UBTI to certain
domestic private pension trusts if we are treated as a
pension-held REIT. We believe
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that we are not, and we do not expect to become, a
pension-held REIT. If we were to become a pension-
held REIT, these rules generally would only apply to certain
pension trusts that held more than 10% of our stock.
Taxation of
Non-U.S. Holders
The following is a discussion of certain anticipated
U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and
disposition of our stock applicable to
non-U.S. holders
of such stock. A
non-U.S. holder
is any person who or that is not a U.S. holder. The
discussion is based on current law and is for general
information only. The discussion addresses only certain and not
all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation. Special rules
may apply to certain non- U.S. holders such as
controlled foreign corporations and passive
foreign investment companies. Such entities should consult
their own tax advisors to determine the U.S. federal,
state, local and other tax consequences that may be relevant to
them.
Distributions from the Company
1. Ordinary Dividends. The
portion of dividends received by
non-U.S. holders
payable out of our current and accumulated earnings and profits
which are not attributable to capital gains and which are not
effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the
non-U.S. holder
will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30%
(unless reduced by an applicable income tax treaty). In general,
non- U.S. holders will not be considered engaged in a
U.S. trade or business solely as a result of their
ownership of our stock. In cases where the dividend income from
a
non-U.S. holders
investment in our stock is effectively connected with the
non-U.S. holders
conduct of a U.S. trade or business (or, if an income tax
treaty applies, is attributable to a U.S. permanent
establishment of the
non-U.S. holder),
the
non-U.S. holder
generally will be subject to U.S. tax at graduated rates,
in the same manner as U.S. holders are taxed with respect
to such dividends (and may also be subject a tax at a rate of
30% or lower under an applicable treaty (the branch
profits tax) in the case of a corporate
non-U.S. holder).
We expect to withhold U.S. income tax at the rate of 30% on
the gross amount of any distributions of ordinary income made to
a non-U.S. holder
unless (1) a lower treaty rate applies and proper
certification is provided on Internal Revenue Service
Form W-8BEN or (2) the non- U.S. holder files an
Internal Revenue Service Form W-8ECI with us claiming that
the distribution is effectively connected with the
non-U.S. holders
conduct of a U.S. trade or business (or, if an income tax
treaty applies, is attributable to a U.S. permanent
establishment of the
non-U.S. holder).
However, the non-U.S. holder may seek a refund of such
amounts from the Internal Revenue Service if it is subsequently
determined that such distribution was, in fact, in excess of our
current and accumulated earnings and profits.
2. Non-Dividend
Distributions. Unless our stock constitutes a USRPI (as
defined below), distributions by us which are not paid out of
our current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be
subject to U.S. income or withholding tax. If it cannot be
determined at the time a distribution is made whether or not
such distribution will be in excess of current and accumulated
earnings and profits, the distribution will be subject to
withholding at the rate applicable to dividends. However, the
non-U.S. holder
may seek a refund of such amounts from the Internal Revenue
Service if it is subsequently determined that such distribution
was, in fact, in excess of our current and accumulated earnings
and profits. If our stock constitutes a USRPI, a distribution in
excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits will be
subject to 10% withholding tax and may be subject to additional
taxation under FIRPTA (as defined below). However, the 10%
withholding tax will not apply to distributions already subject
to the 30% dividend withholding.
3. Capital Gain Dividends.
Under the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980
(FIRPTA), a distribution made by us to a
non-U.S. holder,
to the extent attributable to gains (USRPI Capital
Gains) from dispositions of United States Real Property
Interests (USRPIs), will be considered effectively
connected with a U.S. trade or business of the
non-U.S. holder
and therefore will be subject to U.S. income tax at the
rates applicable to U.S. holders, without regard to whether
such distribution is designated as a capital gain dividend. (The
properties owned by our Operating Partnership generally are
S-56
USRPIs.) Distributions subject to FIRPTA may also be subject to
the branch profits tax in the hands of a corporate
non-U.S. holder
that is not entitled to treaty exemption. Notwithstanding the
preceding, distributions received on our stock, to the extent
attributable to USRPI Capital Gains, will not be treated as gain
recognized by the
non-U.S. holder
from the sale or exchange of a USRPI if (1) our stock
continues to be regularly traded on an established securities
market located in the United States and (2) the selling
non-U.S. holder
did not own more than 5% of such class of stock at any time
during the one year period ending on the date of the
distribution. The distribution will instead be treated as an
ordinary dividend to the
non-U.S. holder,
and the tax consequences to the
non-U.S. holder
will be as described above under Ordinary Dividends.
Distributions attributable to our capital gains which are not
USRPI Capital Gains generally will not be subject to income
taxation, unless (1) investment in the stock is effectively
connected with the
non-U.S. holders
U.S. trade or business (or, if an income tax treaty
applies, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment
of the
non-U.S. holder),
in which case the
non-U.S. holder
will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. holders with
respect to such gain (except that a corporate
non-U.S. holder
may also be subject to the 30% branch profits tax), or
(2) the
non-U.S. holder is
a non-resident alien individual who is present in the United
States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and
certain other conditions are present, in which case the
nonresident alien individual will be subject to a 30% tax on the
individuals capital gains.
We generally will be required to withhold and remit to the
Internal Revenue Service 35% of any distributions to
non-U.S. holders
that are designated as capital gain dividends, or, if greater,
35% of a distribution that could have been designated as a
capital gain dividend. Distributions can be designated as
capital gains to the extent of our net capital gain for the
taxable year of the distribution. The amount withheld is
creditable against the
non-U.S. holders
U.S. federal income tax liability. This withholding will
not apply to any amounts paid to a holder of not more than 5% of
our stock while such stock is regularly traded on an established
securities market. Instead, those amounts will be treated as
described above under Ordinary Dividends.
Disposition of Stock. Unless our stock constitutes a
USRPI, a sale of such stock by a
non-U.S. holder
generally will not be subject to U.S. taxation unless
(1) the investment in the stock is effectively connected
with the
non-U.S. holders
U.S. trade or business (or, if an income tax treaty
applies, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment
of the
non-U.S. holder),
or (2) the
non-U.S. holder is
a non-resident alien individual who is present in the United
States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and
certain other conditions are present.
The stock will not constitute a USRPI if we are a
domestically controlled REIT. A domestically
controlled REIT is a REIT in which, at all times during a
specified testing period, less than 50% in value of its shares
is held directly or indirectly by
non-U.S. holders.
We believe that we are, and we expect to continue to be, a
domestically controlled REIT, and therefore that the sale of our
stock will not be subject to taxation under FIRPTA. Because our
stock will be publicly traded, however, no assurance can be
given that we will continue to be a domestically controlled REIT.
Even if we do not constitute a domestically controlled REIT, a
non-U.S. holders
sale of our stock generally will not be subject to tax under
FIRPTA as a sale of a USRPI provided that (1) the stock
continues to be regularly traded on an established securities
market located in the United States and (2) the selling
non-U.S. holder
did not own more than 5% of such class of Stock at any time
during the one year period ending on the date of the
distribution.
If gain on the sale of our stock were subject to taxation under
FIRPTA, the
non-U.S. holder
would be subject to the same treatment as a U.S. holder
with respect to such gain (subject to applicable alternative
minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of
nonresident alien individuals).
In addition, the purchaser of the stock could be required to
withhold 10% of the purchase price and remit such amount to the
Internal Revenue Service.
S-57
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding. Backup
withholding will apply to dividend payments made to a
non-U.S. holder of
our stock unless the holder has certified that it is not a
U.S. holder and the payor has no actual knowledge that the
owner is not a
non-U.S. holder.
Information reporting generally will apply with respect to
dividend payments even if certification is provided.
Payment of the proceeds from a disposition of our stock by a
non-U.S. holder
made to or through the U.S. office of a broker is generally
subject to information reporting and backup withholding unless
the holder or beneficial owner certifies that it is not a
U.S. holder or otherwise establishes an exemption.
Generally, Internal Revenue Service information reporting and
backup withholding will not apply to a payment of disposition
proceeds if the payment is made outside the United States
through a foreign office of a foreign broker-dealer. If the
proceeds from a disposition of our stock are paid to or through
a foreign office of a U.S. broker-dealer or a
non-U.S. office of
a foreign broker-dealer that is (i) a controlled
foreign corporation for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, (ii) a person 50% or more of whose gross income
from all sources for a specified three-year period was
effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business,
(iii) a foreign partnership with one or more partners who
are U.S. persons and who in the aggregate hold more than
50% of the income or capital interest in the partnership, or
(iv) a foreign partnership engaged in the conduct of a
trade or business in the United States, then backup withholding
and information reporting generally will apply unless the
non-U.S. holder
satisfies certification requirements regarding its status as a
non-U.S. holder
and the broker-dealer has no actual knowledge that the owner is
not a
non-U.S. holder.
A non-U.S. holder
should consult its tax advisor regarding application of
withholding and backup withholding in its particular
circumstance and the availability of and procedure for obtaining
an exemption from withholding and backup withholding under
current U.S. Treasury regulations.
Investment in Our Series G Preferred Stock
In addition to the U.S. federal income tax consequences
described above under Investment in our Stock,
certain U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to the
purchase, ownership and disposition of our Series G
Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock.
Distributions
If our aggregate distributions for a taxable year exceed our
current and accumulated earnings and profits, such current and
accumulated earnings and profits will be allocated first to the
distributions we make with respect to the Series G
Preferred Stock and all other series of preferred shares ranking
on parity as to dividends with the Series G Preferred
Stock. We anticipate, therefore, that distributions we make with
respect to the Series G Preferred Stock will be treated as
taxable dividends.
Although dividends paid by C corporations to a
non-corporate stockholder are generally eligible for taxation at
the rate applicable to net capital gain, dividends we pay, other
than those designated as capital gain dividends, as described
under Certain Material Federal Income Tax
Considerations Taxation of Taxable
U.S. Holders, above, or dividends attributable to
qualified dividends we receive from a C corporation,
such as our taxable REIT subsidiary, will not be eligible for
this treatment.
Constructive Dividends
In certain circumstances, you may be deemed to have received
constructive distributions of our common stock taxable as a
dividend if the Conversion Rate is adjusted or an adjustment to
the Conversion Rate is not provided for pursuant to the terms of
the Series G Preferred Stock. However, adjustments to the
Conversion Rate made pursuant to a bona fide reasonable
adjustment formula which has the effect of preventing the
dilution of the interest of the holders of the Series G
Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock will generally not be
deemed to result in a constructive distribution of our common
stock. Certain possible adjustments, including, without
limitation, adjustments in respect of taxable dividends to
holders of our common stock that exceed the dividend threshold
amount, and the adjustments resulting from certain fundamental
changes, will not qualify as being pursuant to a bona fide
reasonable adjustment formula. If such adjustments are made, you
will be deemed to have received constructive distributions in
amounts based upon the value of your
S-58
increased interest in our equity resulting from such
adjustments. Such constructive distributions will be includible
in your income if you are a U.S. Holder in the manner described
above under Taxation of Taxable U.S. Holders
Distributions even if you have not received any cash or
property as a result of such adjustments. In certain
circumstances, the failure to provide for such an adjustment may
also result in a constructive taxable distribution to you. If
you are a foreign stockholder, the portion of any such
constructive distribution deemed received by you that is treated
as a dividend will be subject to U.S. federal withholding
tax at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an
applicable treaty.
If you are a tax-exempt entity, see Investment in Our
Stock Taxation of Tax-Exempt U.S. Holders
and if you are a foreign stockholder, see Investment in
Our Stock Taxation of
Non-U.S. Holders
for the rules that apply to distributions we make with respect
to our stock.
Mandatory or Optional Conversion into Common Stock
If you or we convert your Series G Preferred Stock into
common stock, you will generally not recognize gain or loss,
except with respect to cash received in lieu of fractional
shares. Your tax basis in the common stock received upon
conversion generally should equal your tax basis in your
Series G Preferred Stock tendered for conversion, less the
tax basis allocated to any fractional share for which cash is
received. Your holding period in the common stock received upon
conversion or exchange of your Series G Preferred Stock
will include the holding period of the Series G Cumulative
Stock so converted or exchanged.
If you convert your Series G Preferred Stock, then to the
extent that your receive cash from us in exchange and in lieu of
fractional shares, the transaction will be treated as a
redemption, the tax consequences of which are described below.
Purchase of Series G Preferred Stock upon a
Fundamental Change
If, upon the occurrence of a fundamental change, you elect to
require us to redeem for cash your Series G Preferred
Stock, you will recognize capital gain or loss measured by the
difference between the amount of cash that you receive upon the
redemption (except to the extent amounts are attributable to
accrued but unpaid interest) and your adjusted basis in your
Series G Preferred Stock redeemed (provided that the shares
are held as a capital asset) if such redemption (i) results
in a complete termination of your interest in all
classes of our shares under Section 302(b)(3) of the
Internal Revenue Code or (ii) is not essentially
equivalent to a dividend with respect to you under
Section 302(b)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code. In applying
these tests, there must be taken into account not only any
Series G Preferred Stock owned by you, but also your
ownership of our common stock, other series of preferred shares
and any options (including share purchase rights) to acquire any
of the foregoing. You must also take into account any securities
(including options) which are considered to be owned by you by
reason of the constructive ownership rules set forth in
Sections 318 and 302(c) of the Internal Revenue Code. The
treatment accorded to any redemption by us (as distinguished
from a sale, exchange or other disposition) of Series G
Preferred Stock can only be determined on the basis of
particular facts as to each holder of the Series G
Preferred Stock at the time of redemption. Accordingly, you
should consult your tax advisor to determine your tax treatment.
If the redemption does not meet any of the tests under
Section 302 of the Internal Revenue Code that are described
above, then the redemption proceeds received for your
Series G Preferred Stock will be treated as a distribution
on your Series G Preferred Stock, with the consequences
described for holders of our common stock under Investment
in Our Common Stock Taxation of Taxable
U.S. Holders, Investment in Our Common
Stock Taxation of
Non-U.S. Holders
and Investment in Our Common Stock Taxation of
Tax-Exempt U.S. Holders. If the redemption is taxed
as a dividend, your tax basis in your Series G Preferred
Stock redeemed will be transferred to any of your other holdings
of our shares. If you no longer own any of our shares, under
certain circumstances, such basis may be transferred to a
related person, or it may be lost in its entirety.
S-59
State and Local Taxes
We and our stockholders may be subject to state or local
taxation in various jurisdictions, including those in which we
or they transact business or reside. The state and local tax
treatment of us and our stockholders may not conform to the
U.S. federal income tax consequences discussed above.
Consequently, prospective stockholders should consult their own
tax advisers regarding the effect of state and local tax laws on
an investment in our stock.
S-60
UNDERWRITING
We are offering the shares of Series G Preferred Stock
described in this prospectus supplement through Banc of America
Securities LLC. Subject to the terms and conditions of an
underwriting agreement dated the date of this prospectus
supplement, we have agreed to sell to the underwriter, and the
underwriter has agreed to purchase from us, all of the shares of
Series G Preferred Stock in this offering.
The underwriting agreement is subject to a number of terms and
conditions and provides that the underwriter must buy all of the
shares of Series G Preferred Stock if it buys any of them.
The underwriter will sell the shares of Series G Preferred
Stock to the public when and if the underwriter buys the shares
of Series G Preferred Stock from us.
The underwriter initially will offer the Series G Preferred
Stock to the public at the price specified on the cover page of
this prospectus supplement. The underwriter may allow a
concession of not more than
$ per
share to selected dealers. The underwriter also may allow, and
those dealers may reallow, a concession of not more than
$ per
share to some other dealers. If all the shares of Series G
Preferred Stock are not sold at the public offering price, the
underwriter may change the offering price and the other selling
terms. The Series G Preferred Stock is offered subject to a
number of conditions, including:
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receipt and acceptance of the Series G Preferred Stock by
the underwriter; and |
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the underwriters right to reject orders in whole or in
part. |
Option to Purchase Additional Shares. We have granted the
underwriter an option to buy up
to additional
shares of Series G Preferred Stock at the same price per
share as it is paying for the shares listed on the cover of this
prospectus supplement plus accrued dividends from
July ,
2006. These additional shares would cover sales of shares by the
underwriter which exceed the number of shares specified on the
cover of this prospectus supplement. The underwriter may
exercise this option at any time within 30 days after the
date of this prospectus supplement. If purchased, the additional
shares of Series G Preferred Stock will be sold by the
underwriter on the same terms as those on which the other shares
are sold. We will pay the expenses associated with the exercise
of this option.
Discounts and Commissions. The following table shows the
per share and total underwriting discounts and commissions to be
paid to the underwriter by us. These amounts are shown assuming
no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters option
to purchase additional shares.
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Paid by | |
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Essex Property Trust, Inc. | |
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No Exercise | |
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Per Share
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$ |
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$ |
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Total |
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We estimate that the total expenses of the offering to be paid
by us, not including underwriting discounts and commissions,
will be approximately
$ .
Stabilization. In connection with this offering, the
underwriter may engage in activities that stabilize, maintain or
otherwise affect the price of the Series G Preferred Stock
and our common stock, including:
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stabilizing transactions; |
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short sales; and |
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purchases to cover positions created by short sales. |
Stabilizing transactions consist of bids or purchases made for
the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market
price of the Series G Preferred Stock or our common stock
while this offering is in progress. Stabilizing transactions may
include making short sales of the Series G Preferred Stock
which involves the sale by the underwriter of a greater number
of shares of Series G Preferred Stock than it is
S-61
required to purchase in this offering, and purchasing shares of
Series G Preferred Stock from us or on the open market to
cover positions created by short sales. Short sales may be
covered shorts, which are short positions in an
amount not greater than the underwriters over-allotment
option referred to above, or may be naked shorts,
which are short positions in excess of that amount.
The underwriter may close out any covered short position by
either exercising its over-allotment option, in whole or in
part, or by purchasing shares in the open market. In making this
determination, the underwriter will consider, among other
things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open
market as compared to the price at which it may purchase shares
as referenced above.
A naked short position is more likely to be created if the
underwriter is concerned that there may be downward pressure on
the price of the Series G Preferred Stock in the open
market that could adversely affect investors who purchased in
this offering. To the extent that the underwriter creates a
naked short position, it will purchase shares in the open market
to cover the position.
These activities may have the effect of raising or maintaining
the market price of the Series G Preferred Stock or our
common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market
price of the Series G Preferred Stock or our common stock.
As a result of these activities, the price of the Series G
Preferred Stock or our common stock may be higher than the price
that otherwise might exist in the open market. If the
underwriter commences these activities, it may discontinue them
at any time. The underwriter may carry out these transactions on
the New York Stock Exchange, in the
over-the-counter-market
or otherwise.
Lock-up
Agreements. We and our directors and executive officers have
entered into lock-up
agreements with the underwriter. Under these agreements, subject
to exceptions, we may not, and those holders of stock may not,
directly or indirectly, offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or
otherwise dispose of or hedge any common stock or securities
convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock, or
publicly announce the intention to do any of the foregoing,
without the prior written consent of the underwriter for a
period of 60 days from the date of this prospectus
supplement. This consent may be given at any time without public
notice. In addition, during this 60 day period, we have
also agreed not to file any registration statement for, and each
of our officers has agreed not to make any demand for, or
exercise any right of, the registration of, any shares of common
stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or
exchangeable for common stock without the prior written consent
of the underwriter.
Indemnification. We will indemnify the underwriter
against some liabilities, including liabilities under the
Securities Act. If we are unable to provide this
indemnification, we will contribute to payments the underwriter
may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.
Conflicts/ Affiliates. The underwriter and its affiliates
have provided and may in the future provide, various investment
banking, commercial banking and other financial services to us
for which services they have received, and may in the future
receive, customary fees. In addition, Bank of America, N.A., an
affiliate of the underwriter, is a lender under one of our
unsecured credit facilities. A portion of the proceeds of this
offering will be used to repay loans extended by Bank of
America, N.A. to us under the unsecured credit facility. A
portion of proceeds of this offering will be used to repay the
credit facilities.
Selling Restrictions. The underwriter intends to comply
with all applicable laws and regulations in each jurisdiction in
which it acquires, offers, sells or delivers shares of
Series G Preferred Stock or has in its possession or
distributes the prospectus supplement and accompanying
prospectus or any such material.
In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area
which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a Relevant
Member State), with effect from and including the date on which
the Prospectus Directive is implemented in that Relevant Member
State (the Relevant Implementation Date) an offer of the
Series G Preferred Stock to the public may not be made in
that Relevant Member State prior to the publication of a
prospectus in relation to the Series G Preferred Stock
which has been approved by the competent authority in that
Relevant Member State or, where appropriate, approved in another
Relevant Member State and notified to the competent authority in
that Relevant Member State, all in accordance with
S-62
the Prospectus Directive, except that it may, with effect from
and including the Relevant Implementation Date, make an offer of
Series G Preferred Stock to the public in that Relevant
Member State at any time:
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(a) to legal entities which are
authorized or regulated to operate in the financial markets or,
if not so authorized or regulated, whose corporate purpose is
solely to invest in securities; |
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(b) to any legal entity which has
two or more of (1) an average of at least 250 employees
during the last financial year; (2) a total balance sheet
of more than
43,000,000 and
(3) an annual net turnover of more than
50,000,000, as
shown in its last annual or consolidated accounts; or |
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(c) in any other circumstances
which do not require the publication by the Issuer of a
prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive |
For the purposes of this provision, the expression an
offer of Series G Preferred Stock to the public
in relation to any Series G Preferred Stock in any Relevant
Member State means the communication in any form and by any
means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and
the Series G Preferred Stock to be offered so as to enable
an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe the Series G
Preferred Stock, as the same may be varied in that Member State
by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that
Member State and the expression Prospectus Directive means
Directive 2003/71/ EC and includes any relevant implementing
measure in each Relevant Member State.
No prospectus (including any amendment, supplement or
replacement thereto) has been prepared in connection with the
offering of the Series G Preferred Stock that has been
approved by the Autorité des marchés financiers or by
the competent authority of another State that is a contracting
party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area and
notified to the Autorité des marchés financiers; no
Series G Preferred Stock has been offered or sold and will
be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, to the public in
France except to permitted investors (Permitted
Investors) consisting of persons licensed to provide the
investment service of portfolio management for the account of
third parties, qualified investors (investisseurs
qualifiés) acting for their own account and/or investors
belonging to a limited circle of investors (cercle restreint
dinvestisseurs) acting for their own account, with
qualified investors and limited circle of
investors having the meaning ascribed to them in
Articles L. 411-2, D. 411-1, D. 411-2, D. 411-4, D. 734-1,
D. 744-1, D. 754-1 and D. 764-1 of the French Code
Monétaire et Financier and applicable regulations
thereunder; none of this prospectus or any other materials
related to the offering or information contained therein
relating to the Series G Preferred Stock has been released,
issued or distributed to the public in France except to
Permitted Investors; and the direct or indirect resale to the
public in France of any Series G Preferred Stock acquired
by any Permitted Investors may be made only as provided by
Articles L. 411-1, L. 411-2, L. 412-1 and L. 621-8 to L.
621-8-3 of the French Code Monétaire et Financier and
applicable regulations thereunder.
The Underwriter acknowledges and agrees that:
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(i) it has not offered or sold and
will not offer or sell the Series G Preferred Stock other
than to persons whose ordinary activities involve them in
acquiring, holding, managing or disposing of investments (as
principal or as agent) for the purposes of their businesses or
who it is reasonable to expect will acquire, hold, manage or
dispose of investments (as principal or agent) for the purposes
of their businesses where the issue of the Series G
Preferred Stock would otherwise constitute a contravention of
Section 19 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000
(the FSMA) by the Issuer; |
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(ii) it has only communicated or
caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to
be communicated an invitation or inducement to engage in
investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of
the FSMA) received by it in connection with the issue or sale of
the Series G Preferred Stock in circumstances in which
Section 21(1) of the FSMA does not apply to the Issuer or
the Guarantor; and |
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(iii) it has complied and will
comply with all applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect
to anything done by it in relation to the Series G
Preferred Stock in, from or otherwise involving the United
Kingdom. |
S-63
This document is only being distributed to and is only directed
at (i) persons who are outside the United Kingdom or
(ii) to investment professionals falling within
Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act
2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (the Order) or
(iii) high net worth entities, and other persons to whom it
may lawfully be communicated, falling within
Article 49(2)(a) to (d) of the Order (all such persons
together being referred to as relevant persons). The
Series G Preferred Stock are only available to, and any
invitation, offer or agreement to subscribe, purchase or
otherwise acquire such Series G Preferred Stock will be
engaged in only with, relevant persons. Any person who is not a
relevant person should not act or rely on this document or any
of its contents.
The offering of the Series G Preferred Stock has not been
cleared by the Italian Securities Exchange Commission
(Commissione Nazionale per le Società e la Borsa, the
CONSOB) pursuant to Italian securities legislation
and, accordingly, has represented and agreed that the
Series G Preferred Stock may not and will not be offered,
sold or delivered, nor may or will copies of the prospectus
supplement and accompanying prospectus any other documents
relating to the Series G Preferred Stock be distributed in
Italy, except (i) to professional investors (operatori
qualificati), as defined in Article 31, second paragraph,
of CONSOB Regulation No. 11522 of July 1, 1998,
as amended, (the Regulation No. 11522), or
(ii) in other circumstances which are exempted from the
rules on solicitation of investments pursuant to
Article 100 of Legislative Decree No. 58 of
February 24, 1998 (the Financial Service Act)
and Article 33, first paragraph, of CONSOB
Regulation No. 11971 of May 14, 1999, as amended.
Any offer, sale or delivery of the Series G Preferred Stock
or distribution of copies of the prospectus supplement and
accompanying prospectus or any other document relating to the
Series G Preferred Stock in Italy may and will be effected
in accordance with all Italian securities, tax, exchange control
and other applicable laws and regulations, and, in particular,
will be: (i) made by an investment firm, bank or financial
intermediary permitted to conduct such activities in Italy in
accordance with the Financial Services Act, Legislative Decree
No. 385 of September 1, 1993, as amended (the
Italian Banking Law),
Regulation No. 11522, and any other applicable laws
and regulations; (ii) in compliance with Article 129
of the Italian Banking Law and the implementing guidelines of
the Bank of Italy; and (iii) in compliance with any other
applicable notification requirement or limitation which may be
imposed by CONSOB or the Bank of Italy.
Any investor purchasing the Series G Preferred Stock in the
offering is solely responsible for ensuring that any offer or
resale of the Series G Preferred Stock it purchased in the
offering occurs in compliance with applicable laws and
regulations.
The prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus and the
information contained therein are intended only for the use of
its recipient and, unless in circumstances which are exempted
from the rules on solicitation of investments pursuant to
Article 100 of the Financial Service Act and
Article 33, first paragraph, of CONSOB
Regulation No. 11971 of May 14, 1999, as amended,
is not to be distributed, for any reason, to any third party
resident or located in Italy. No person resident or located in
Italy other than the original recipients of this document may
rely on it or its content.
Italy has only partially implemented the Prospectus Directive,
the provisions under the heading European Economic
Area above shall apply with respect to Italy only to the
extent that the relevant provisions of the Prospectus Directive
have already been implemented in Italy.
Insofar as the requirements above are based on laws which are
superseded at any time pursuant to the implementation of the
Prospectus Directive, such requirements shall be replaced by the
applicable requirements under the Prospectus Directive.
S-64
LEGAL
Certain legal matters relating to this offering will be passed
upon for us by Baker & McKenzie LLP,
San Francisco, California. Certain matters of Maryland law
will be passed upon for us by Venable LLP, Baltimore, Maryland.
The underwriters will be represented by Davis Polk &
Wardwell, New York, New York.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
Essex Property Trust, Inc. files annual, quarterly and special
reports, proxy statements and other information with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. You may read and copy any
document that Essex Property Trust, Inc. files with the SEC at
the SECs public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E.,
Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330 for
further information on the public reference room. The SEC also
maintains a web site that contains reports, proxy and
information statements, and other information regarding
registrants that Essex Property Trust, Inc. files electronically
with the SEC (http://www.sec.gov). You can inspect reports and
other information that Essex Property Trust, Inc. files at the
offices of the New York Stock Exchange, Inc., 20 Broad
Street, New York, New York 10005.
The information incorporated by reference is an important part
of this prospectus. Any statement contained in a document which
is incorporated by reference in this prospectus is automatically
updated and superseded if information contained in this
prospectus, or information that Essex Property Trust, Inc. later
files with the SEC, modifies or replaces this information.
Incorporated by reference are the following documents that are
filed with the SEC:
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Annual Report on
Form 10-K of Essex
Property Trust, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2005; |
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Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q of Essex
Property Trust, Inc. for the quarter ended March 31, 2006; |
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Current Reports on
Form 8-K of Essex
Property Trust, Inc. filed on March 8, 2006, March 31,
2006, and May 15, 2006; |
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the description of Essex Property Trust, Inc. common stock
contained in a Registration Statement on
Form 8-A filed
with the SEC on May 27, 1994, as amended on
September 19, 2003; |
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the Rights Agreement, dated as of November 11, 1998,
between Essex Property Trust, Inc., and BankBoston, N.A., as
Rights Agent, including all exhibits thereto, attached as
Exhibit 1 to the Companys
Form 8-A, filed
November 12, 1998; and the amendments to the Rights
Agreement dated December 13, 2000 and February 28,
2002 included as exhibits 4.2 and 4.3 to the Annual Report on
Form 10-K of Essex Property Trust, Inc. for the year ended
December 31, 2005; and |
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all documents filed by Essex Property Trust, Inc. with the SEC
pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange
Act) after the date of this prospectus and prior to the
termination of this prospectus. |
To receive a free copy of any of the documents incorporated by
reference in this prospectus (other than exhibits, unless they
are specifically incorporated by reference in the documents),
call or write Essex Property Trust, Inc., 925 East Meadow Drive,
Palo Alto, California 94303, Attention: Secretary, Tel:
(650) 494-3700.
S-65
Prospectus
ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC.
$342,119,250
PREFERRED STOCK
COMMON STOCK
WARRANTS
$250,000,000
GUARANTEES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. DEBT SECURITIES
Essex Property Trust, Inc. (Essex or the
Company) may from time to time offer in one or more
series or classes (i) shares of its common stock, par value
$0.0001 per share (the Common Stock),
(ii) warrants to purchase Common Stock (the
Warrants) and (iii) shares of its preferred
stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the Preferred
Stock), in amounts, at prices and on terms to be
determined at the time of offering, with an aggregate public
offering price of up to $342,119,250.
Essex Portfolio L.P. (the Operating Partnership) may
from time to time offer in one or more series unsecured
non-convertible investment grade securities, which may be either
senior debt securities (Senior Securities) or
subordinated debt securities (Subordinated
Securities and, together with the Senior Securities, the
Debt Securities), with an aggregate offering price
of up to $250,000,000, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be
determined at the time of the offering, guaranteed by Essex
through unconditional guarantees (the Guarantees) of
Debt Securities.
The Common Stock, Warrants, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities and
Guarantees (collectively, the Offered Securities)
may be offered, separately or together, in separate series in
amounts, at prices and on terms to be set forth in one or more
supplements to this prospectus (each a Prospectus
Supplement).
The general terms of the Offered Securities in respect to which
this prospectus is being delivered are set forth herein.
Specific terms of the Offered Securities will be set forth in
the applicable Prospectus Supplement and will include, where
applicable (i) in the case of Common Stock, the specific
title and stated value and any initial public offering price;
(ii) in the case of Preferred Stock, the specific title and
stated value, any dividend, liquidation, redemption, conversion,
voting and other rights, and any initial public offering price,
(iii) in the case of Warrants, the duration, offering
price, exercise price and detachability; and (iv) in the
case of Debt Securities the specific title, aggregate principal
amount, currency, form (which may be registered, or certificated
or global), authorized denominations, maturity, rate (or manner
of calculation thereof) and time of payment of interest, terms
for redemption at the option of the Operating Partnership or
repayment at the option of the holder, terms for sinking fund
payments, covenants and any initial public offering price. In
addition, such specific terms may include limitations on direct
or beneficial ownership and restrictions on transfer of the
Offered Securities, in each case as may be appropriate to
preserve the status of Essex as a real estate investment trust
(REIT) for United States federal income tax
purposes. To ensure that Essex maintains its qualification as a
REIT, the charter of Essex provides that no person, with certain
exceptions, may own more than 6.0% of the value of the
outstanding capital stock of Essex including any shares of
Common Stock or Preferred Stock offered hereby. See
Description of Capital Stock Restrictions on
Transfer.
The applicable Prospectus Supplement also will contain
information, where applicable, about material United States
federal income tax considerations relating to, and any listing
on a securities exchange of, the Offered Securities covered by
such Prospectus Supplement.
The Offered Securities may be offered directly, through agents
designated from time to time by Essex, or to or through
underwriters or dealers. If any agents or underwriters are
involved in the sale of any of the Offered Securities, their
names, and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or
discount arrangement between or among them, will be set forth,
or will be calculable from the information set forth, in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement. See Plan of
Distribution. No Offered Securities may be sold without
delivery of the applicable Prospectus Supplement describing the
method and terms of the offering of such series of Offered
Securities.
Investing in our offered securities involves certain risks.
See Risk Factors beginning on page 3.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state
securities commission has approved of these securities or
determined that this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is September 8, 2003.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Neither Essex Property Trust, Inc. nor Essex Portfolio, L.P.
have authorized any person to give any information or to make
any representation not contained or incorporated by reference in
this prospectus. You must not rely upon any information or
representation not contained or incorporated by reference in
this prospectus as if we had authorized it. This prospectus is
not an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any
securities other than the registered securities to which it
relates and this prospectus is not an offer to sell or the
solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction
where, or to any person to whom, it is unlawful to make such
offer or solicitation. You should not assume that the
information contained in this prospectus is correct on any date
after the date of this prospectus, even though this prospectus
is delivered or shares are sold pursuant to this prospectus on a
later date.
i
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements
and other information with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the SEC). You may read and copy any
document we file with the SEC at the SECs public reference
room at Room 1024, Judiciary Plaza, 450 Fifth Street,
N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330 for
further information on the public reference room. The SEC also
maintains a web site that contains reports, proxy and
information statements, and other information regarding
registrants that file electronically with the SEC
(http://www.sec.gov). You can inspect reports and other
information we file at the offices of the New York Stock
Exchange, Inc., 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005.
We have filed a Registration Statement of which this prospectus
is a part and related exhibits with the SEC under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act). The
Registration Statement contains additional information about us.
You may inspect the Registration Statement and exhibits without
charge at the office of the SEC at 450 Fifth Street, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20549, and you may obtain copies from the
SEC at prescribed rates.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS
BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference the
information we file with the SEC, which means that we can
disclose important information to you by referring to those
documents. The information incorporated by reference is an
important part of this prospectus. Any statement contained in a
document which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus
is automatically updated and superseded if information contained
in this prospectus, or information that we later file with the
SEC, modifies or replaces this information. We incorporate by
reference the following documents we filed with the SEC:
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Essexs Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 2002; |
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the Operating Partnerships Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 2002; |
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Essexs Quarterly Reports on
Form 10-Q for the
quarterly periods ended March 31, 2003 and June 30,
2003; |
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the Operating Partnerships Quarterly Reports on
Form 10-Q for the
quarterly periods ended March 31, 2003 and June 30,
2003; |
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Essexs Current Report on
Form 8-K filed on
June 2, 2003; |
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the description of Essexs common stock contained in a
Registration Statement on
Form 8-A filed
with the SEC on May 27, 1994; |
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the description of Essexs preferred stock purchase rights
contained in a Registration Statement on
Form 8-A filed
with the SEC on November 12, 1998; and |
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all documents filed by us with the SEC pursuant to
Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act)
(other than current reports furnished under Item 9 of
Form 8-K) after
the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of the
offering. |
To receive a free copy of any of the documents incorporated by
reference in this prospectus (other than exhibits, unless they
are specifically incorporated by reference in the documents),
call or write Essex Property Trust, Inc., 925 East Meadow Drive,
Palo Alto, California 94303, Attention: Secretary
(650) 494-3700).
Unless we indicate otherwise or unless the context requires
otherwise, all references in this prospectus to
Essex mean Essex Property Trust, Inc. and all
references to the Operating Partnership mean Essex
Portfolio, L.P. Unless we indicate otherwise or unless the
context requires otherwise, all references in this prospectus to
we, us, or our mean Essex
and its subsidiaries, including the Operating Partnership and
its subsidiaries. When we refer to Essexs
Charter we mean Essexs articles of
incorporation, as amended and supplemented from time to time.
ii
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains or incorporates by reference
forward-looking statements within the meaning of
Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of
the Exchange Act, and are subject to the safe harbor
provisions created by these statutes. All statements, other than
statements of historical facts, that address activities, events
or developments that we intend, expect, project, believe or
anticipate will or may occur in the future are forward-looking
statements. Such statements are characterized by terminology
such as anticipates, believes,
expects, future, intends,
assuming, projects, plans
and similar expressions or the negative of those terms or other
comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements which
include statements about our expectations, objectives,
anticipations, intentions and strategies regarding the future,
expected operation results, revenues and earnings, reflect only
managements current expectations and are not guarantees of
future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties,
including those risks described under the heading Risk
Factors in this prospectus, or in the documents
incorporated by reference in this prospectus, that could cause
actual results to differ materially from the results
contemplated by the forward-looking statements.
All forward-looking statements included or incorporated by
reference in this prospectus are made as of the date hereof,
based on information available to us as of the date hereof, and
we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statement
or statements. It is important to note that such forward-looking
statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and that our
actual results could differ materially from those in such
forward-looking statements. The foregoing factors, as well as
those under the heading Risk Factors in this
prospectus and in the section entitled Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations in our most recent Annual Reports on
Form 10-K and
Quarterly Reports on
Form 10-Q that we
file with the SEC from time to time, among others, in some cases
have affected, and in the future could affect, our actual
operating results and could cause our actual consolidated
operating results to differ materially from those expressed in
any forward-looking statement made by us. You are cautioned not
to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements contained
in this prospectus.
ESSEX AND THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP
Essex Property Trust, Inc. (Essex or the
Company) is a self-administered and self-managed
equity real estate investment trust (REIT) engaged
in the ownership, acquisition, development and management of
multifamily apartment communities. As of August 1, 2003,
our multifamily portfolio consisted of ownership interests in
117 properties (comprising 25,095 apartment units), of which
14,780 units are located in Southern California (Los
Angeles, Ventura, Orange and San Diego counties),
4,293 units are located in Northern California (the
San Francisco Bay Area), 5,444 of which are located in the
Pacific Northwest (4,073 units in the Seattle metropolitan
area and 1,371 units in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan
area), and 578 are located in other areas (302 units in
Houston, Texas and 276 units in Hemet, California). In
addition, as of August 1, 2003, we owned other real estate
assets consisting of five recreational vehicle parks (comprising
1,717 spaces), four office buildings (totaling approximately
63,540 square feet) and two manufactured housing
communities (containing 607 sites), (collectively together with
Essexs multifamily residential properties, the
Properties). One of the office buildings located in
Northern California (Palo Alto) has approximately
17,400 square and houses our headquarters and another
office building located in Southern California (Woodland Hills)
has approximately 38,940 square feet, of which we currently
occupy approximately 8,600 square feet. The Woodland Hills
office building has ten third-party tenants occupying
approximately 27,300 feet. As of August 1, 2003,
Essex, along with its affiliated entities and joint ventures,
also have entered into commitments for the development of
1,368 units in six multifamily communities; three of which
are in Northern California and three in Southern California.
Essex was incorporated in the state of Maryland in March 1994.
On June 13, 1994, Essex commenced operations with the
completion of an initial public offering (the
Offering) in which Essex issued 6,275,000 shares of
common stock at $19.50 per share.
1
Essex Portfolio, L.P. (the Operating Partnership)
was formed in March 1994 and commenced operations on
June 13, 1994, when Essex, the general partner of the
Operating Partnership, completed its Offering.
Essex conducts substantially all of its activities through the
Operating Partnership. Essex currently owns an approximate 90%
general partnership interest and members of Essexs Board
of Directors, senior management and certain outside investors
own limited partnership interests of approximately 10% in the
Operating Partnership. As the sole general partner of the
Operating Partnership, Essex has control over the management of
the Operating Partnership and over each of the properties.
USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds of any sale of
Offered Securities for general corporate purposes and to invest
in the Operating Partnership. Unless otherwise indicated in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement, the Operating Partnership
intends to use any net proceeds to fund the acquisition and
development of multi-family residential properties and repay
indebtedness. Net proceeds from the sale of the Offered
Securities initially may be temporarily invested in short-term
securities.
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
Schedule of computation of Ratio and Earnings to Fixed
Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends
(Dollars in thousands, except ratios)
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Three Months | |
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Ended | |
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Years Ended December 31 | |
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March 31 | |
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2003 | |
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2001 | |
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2000 | |
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1999 | |
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1998 | |
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Earnings:
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Income from continuing operations
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$ |
10,231 |
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$ |
44,588 |
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$ |
47,912 |
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$ |
43,914 |
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$ |
43,228 |
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$ |
30,507 |
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Gain on sales of real estate
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(3,788 |
) |
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(4,022 |
) |
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(9,524 |
) |
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(9 |
) |
Minority interests
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5,897 |
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24,130 |
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24,322 |
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23,686 |
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17,775 |
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9,493 |
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Interest expense
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10,799 |
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35,012 |
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38,746 |
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30,044 |
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20,970 |
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19,107 |
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Amortization of deferred financing costs
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174 |
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605 |
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657 |
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639 |
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566 |
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718 |
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Total earnings
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$ |
27,101 |
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$ |
104,335 |
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$ |
107,849 |
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$ |
94,261 |
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$ |
73,015 |
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$ |
59,816 |
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Fixed charges:
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Interest expense
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$ |
10,799 |
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$ |
35,012 |
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$ |
38,746 |
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$ |
30,044 |
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$ |
20,970 |
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$ |
19,107 |
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Amortization of deferred financing costs
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174 |
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605 |
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657 |
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639 |
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566 |
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718 |
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Capitalized interest
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|
902 |
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6,139 |
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3,917 |
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2,906 |
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5,172 |
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3,494 |
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Subtotal
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11,875 |
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41,756 |
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43,320 |
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33,589 |
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26,708 |
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23,319 |
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Convertible preferred stock dividends
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246 |
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1,333 |
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|
3,500 |
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Perpetual preferred unit distributions
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4,580 |
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18,319 |
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18,319 |
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18,319 |
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12,238 |
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5,595 |
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Total fixed charges and preferred stock dividends
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$ |
16,455 |
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$ |
60,075 |
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$ |
61,639 |
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$ |
52,154 |
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$ |
40,279 |
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$ |
32,414 |
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Ratio of earnings to fixed charges (excluding preferred stock
dividends)
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2.28X |
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2.50X |
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2.49X |
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2.81X |
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2.73X |
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2.57X |
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Ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred
dividends
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|
1.65X |
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|
|
1.74X |
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|
|
1.75X |
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|
|
1.81X |
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|
|
1.81X |
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|
1.85X |
|
2
RISK FACTORS
Our operations involve various risks that could have adverse
consequences to us. These risks include, among others, the
following:
Debt Financing
At March 31, 2003, we had approximately $811,896,000 of
indebtedness (including $213,369,000 of variable rate
indebtedness, of which $60,369,000 is capped at interest rates
ranging from 7.1% to 7.3%).
We are subject to the risks normally associated with debt
financing, including the following:
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cash flow may not be sufficient to meet required payments of
principal and interest; |
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inability to refinance existing indebtedness on encumbered
properties; and |
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the terms of any refinancing may not be as favorable as the
terms of existing indebtedness. |
Uncertainty of Ability to Refinance Balloon Payments
At March 31, 2003, we had an aggregate of approximately
$812 million of mortgage debt and line of credit
borrowings, some of which are subject to balloon payments of
principal. We do not expect to have sufficient cash flows from
operations to make all of such balloon payments when due under
these mortgages and the line of credit borrowings.
At March 31, 2003, these mortgages and lines of credit
borrowings had the following scheduled maturity dates:
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2003 $35.2 million (includes lines of credit
balance of $30 million as of March 31, 2003); |
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2004 $130.1 million (includes lines of credit
balance of $123 million as of March 31, 2003); |
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2005 $41.0 million; |
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2006 $20.4 million; |
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2007 $63.1 million; |
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2008 and thereafter $522.1 million. |
We may not be able to refinance such mortgage indebtedness or
lines of credit. The properties subject to these mortgages could
be foreclosed upon or otherwise transferred to the mortgagee.
This could cause us to lose income and asset value.
Alternatively, we may be required to refinance the debt at
higher interest rates. If we are unable to make such payments
when due, a mortgage lender could foreclose on the property
securing the mortgage, which could have a material adverse
effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Economic Environment and Impact on Operating Results
Both the national economy and the economies of the western
states in which we own, manage and develop properties, some of
which are concentrated in high-tech sectors, have been and may
continue to be in a recession. The impact of such recession on
our operating results can include, and are not limited to,
reduction in rental rates, occupancy levels, property valuations
and increases in operating costs such as advertising, turnover
and repair and maintenance expense.
Our property type and diverse geographic locations provide some
degree of risk moderation but we are not immune to a prolonged
down cycle in the real estate markets in which we operate.
Although we believe we are well positioned to meet the
challenges ahead, it is possible that further reductions in
occupancy and market rental rates will result in reduction of
rental revenues, operating income, cash flows, and the market
value of our shares. Prolonged recession could also affect our
ability to obtain financing at acceptable rates on interest and
to access funds from the disposition of properties at acceptable
prices.
3
Risk of Rising Interest Rates
At March 31, 2003, we had approximately $60,369,000 of
long-term variable rate indebtedness bearing interest at a
floating rate tied to the rate of short-term tax-exempt revenue
bonds (which matures at various dates from 2020 through 2026),
and $153,000,000 of variable rate indebtedness under our lines
of credit bearing interest at 1.10% over LIBOR. The long-term
variable rate indebtedness of approximately $60,369,000 is
subject to an interest rate protection agreement, which may
reduce the risks associated with fluctuations in interest rates.
The remaining $153,000,000 of long-term variable rate
indebtedness is not subject to any interest rate protection
agreement, and consequently, an increase in interest rates may
have an adverse effect on our net income and results of
operations.
Current interest rates are at historic lows and potentially
could increase rapidly to levels more in line with recent
historic levels. The immediate effect of significant and rapid
interest rate increases would result in higher interest expense
in our variable rate indebtedness. The effect of prolonged
interest rate increases could negatively impact our ability to
make acquisitions and develop properties at economic returns on
investment and our ability to refinance existing borrowings at
acceptable rates.
Risk of Losses on Interest Rate Hedging Arrangements
We have, from time to time, entered into agreements to reduce
the risks associated with increases in interest rates, and may
continue to do so. Although these agreements may partially
protect against rising interest rates, these agreements also may
reduce the benefits to us when interest rates decline. We cannot
assure you that we can refinance any such hedging arrangements
or that we will be able to enter into other hedging arrangements
to replace existing ones if interest rates decline. Furthermore,
interest rate movements during the term of interest rate hedging
arrangements may result in a gain or loss on our investment in
the hedging arrangement. In addition, if a hedging arrangement
is not indexed to the same rate as the indebtedness that is
hedged, we may be exposed to losses to the extent that the rate
governing the indebtedness and the rate governing the hedging
arrangement change independently of each other. Finally,
nonperformance by the other party to the hedging arrangement may
subject us to increased credit risks. In order to minimize
counterparty credit risk, our policy is to enter into hedging
arrangements only with large financial institutions.
Acquisition Activities: Risks that Acquisitions Will Fail to
Meet Expectations
We intend to continue to acquire multifamily residential
properties. There are risks that acquired properties will fail
to perform as expected. Estimates of future income, expenses and
the costs of improvements necessary to allow us to market an
acquired property as originally intended may prove to be
inaccurate. In addition, we expect to finance future
acquisitions, in whole or in part, under various forms of
secured or unsecured financing or through the issuance of
partnership units by the Operating Partnership or additional
equity by Essex. The use of equity financing, rather than debt,
for future developments or acquisitions could dilute the
interest of Essexs existing stockholders. If we finance
new acquisitions under existing lines of credit, there is a risk
that, unless we obtain substitute financing, Essex may not be
able to secure further lines of credit for new development or
such lines of credit may be available only on disadvantageous
terms.
Also, we may not be able to refinance our existing lines of
credit upon maturity, or the terms of such refinancing may not
be as favorable as the terms of the existing indebtedness.
Further, acquisitions of properties are subject to the general
risks associated with real estate investments. For further
information regarding these risks, please see Adverse
Effect to Property Income and Value Due to General Real Estate
Investment Risks.
On December 17, 2002, we completed the acquisition of John
M. Sachs, Inc., a real estate company pursuant to which we
acquired a real estate portfolio, consisting primarily of
apartment communities located in San Diego County,
California. The assets in this transaction were valued at
approximately $301 million. This is our largest real estate
portfolio acquisition to date. The integration of these
properties into Essex has placed a burden on our management team
and infrastructure. These properties may not perform as expected.
4
In addition, as this transaction was structured as a merger,
there is the risk that we assumed unknown liabilities, which
might adversely affect our results of operations.
Risks that Development Activities Will Be Delayed, not
Completed, and/or Fail to Achieve Expected Results
We pursue multifamily residential property development projects
from time to time. Development projects generally require
various governmental and other approvals, which we cannot assure
you that we will receive. Our development activities generally
entail certain risks, including the following:
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funds may be expended and managements time devoted to
projects that may not be completed; |
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construction costs of a project may exceed original estimates
possibly making the project economically unfeasible; |
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development projects may be delayed due to, among other things,
adverse weather conditions; |
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occupancy rates and rents at a completed project may be less
than anticipated; and |
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expenses at a completed development may be higher than
anticipated. |
These risks may reduce the funds available for distribution to
Essexs stockholders. Further, the development of
properties is also subject to the general risks associated with
real estate investments. For further information regarding these
risks, please see Adverse Effect to Property Income and
Value Due to General Real Estate Investment Risks.
The Geographic Concentration of the Properties and
Fluctuations in Local Markets May Adversely Impact Our Financial
Conditions and Results from Operations
We derived significant amounts of rental revenues for the year
ended December 31, 2002 and the three months ended
March 31, 2003 from properties concentrated in Northern
California (the San Francisco Bay Area), Southern
California (Los Angeles, Ventura, Orange and San Diego
counties), and the Pacific Northwest (the Seattle, Washington
and Portland, Oregon metropolitan areas). As of March 31,
2003, of our 113 ownership interests in multifamily residential
properties, 85 are located in California. As a result of this
geographic concentration, if a local property market performs
poorly, the income from the properties in that market could
decrease. As a result of such a decrease in income, we may be
unable to pay expected dividends to our stockholders. The
performance of the economy in each of these areas affects
occupancy, market rental rates and expenses and, consequently
impacts the income generated from the properties and their
underlying values. The financial results of major local
employers also may impact the cash flow and value of certain of
the properties. Economic downturns in the local markets in which
we own properties could have a negative impact on our financial
condition and results from operations.
Competition in the Multifamily Residential Market May
Adversely Affect Operations and the Rental Demand For Our
Properties
There are numerous housing alternatives that compete with the
multifamily properties in attracting residents. These include
other multifamily rental apartments and single-family homes that
are available for rent in the markets in which the properties
are located. The properties also compete for residents with new
and existing homes and condominiums that are for sale. If the
demand for our properties is reduced or if competitors develop
and/or acquire competing properties on a more cost-effective
basis, rental rates may drop, which may have a material adverse
affect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We also face competition from other real estate investment
trusts, businesses and other entities in the acquisition,
development and operation of properties. Some of the competitors
are larger and have greater financial resources than we do. This
competition may result in increased costs of properties we
acquire and/or develop.
5
Debt Financing on Properties May Result in Insufficient Cash
Flow
Where possible, we intend to continue to use leverage to
increase the rate of return on our investments and to provide
for additional investments that we could not otherwise make.
There is a risk that the cash flow from the properties will be
insufficient to meet both debt payment obligations and the
distribution requirements of the real estate investment trust
provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. We may obtain
additional debt financing in the future, through mortgages on
some or all of the properties. These mortgages may be recourse,
non-recourse, or cross-collateralized. As of March 31,
2003, Essex had 52 properties encumbered by debt. Of the 52
properties, 36 are secured by deeds of trust relating solely to
those properties, and with respect to the remaining 16
properties, five cross-collateralized mortgages are secured by
8 properties, 3 properties, 3 properties and 2 properties,
respectively. The holders of this indebtedness will have a claim
against these properties and to the extent indebtedness is
cross-collateralized, lenders may seek to foreclose upon
properties, which are not the primary collateral for their loan.
This, in turn, may accelerate other indebtedness secured by
properties. Foreclosure of properties would reduce our income
and asset value.
Dividend Requirements as a Result Of Preferred Stock May Lead
to a Possible Inability to Sustain Dividends
In 1998 and 1999, the Operating Partnership issued
$210 million in aggregate of Series B Cumulative
Redeemable Preferred Units (the Series B Preferred
Units), Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Units, (the Series C Preferred Units),
Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units (the
Series D Preferred Units) and Series E
Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units (the Series E
Preferred Units). The Series B Preferred Units, the
Series C Preferred Units, the Series D Preferred Units
and the Series E Preferred Units are collectively referred
to as the Preferred Units.
The terms of Essexs preferred stock into which each series
of Preferred Units are exchangeable provide for certain
cumulative preferential cash distributions per each share of
preferred stock. These terms also provide that while such
preferred stock is outstanding, Essex cannot authorize, declare
or pay any distributions on the Common Stock, unless all
distributions accumulated on all shares of such preferred stock
have been paid in full. The distributions payable on such
preferred stock may impair Essexs ability to pay dividends
on its Common Stock.
If Essex wishes to issue any Common Stock in the future
(including, upon exercise of stock options), the funds required
to continue to pay cash dividends at current levels will be
increased. Essexs ability to pay dividends will depend
largely upon the performance of the properties and other
properties that may be acquired in the future.
Essexs ability to pay dividends on its stock is further
limited by the Maryland General Corporation Law. Under the
Maryland General Corporation Law, Essex may not make a
distribution on stock if, after giving effect to such
distribution, either:
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we would not be able to pay its indebtedness as it becomes due
in the usual course of business; or |
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our total assets would be less than its total liabilities. |
If Essex cannot pay dividends on our stock, Essexs status
as a real estate investment trust may be jeopardized.
Registration and Resale of Shares Pursuant to our Pending
Registration Statement May Have an Adverse Effect on the Market
Price of the Shares
Pursuant to the acquisition of John M. Sachs, Inc., a real
estate company, in December 2002, we issued
2,719,875 shares of common stock, as partial consideration
for the acquisition, to the trusts that were the shareholders of
that company. In connection with the acquisition, Essex entered
into a registration rights agreement with these trusts, pursuant
to which in January 2003 we filed a registration statement on
Form S-3 in order
to enable the resale of these shares of common stock. In an
amendment to this registration statement filed in April 2003, we
also registered, pursuant to certain registration rights,
50,000 shares of common stock
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which are issuable to the trusts in connection with certain
contractual obligations and 3,743,615 shares of common
stock which are issuable upon exchange of limited partnership
interests in the Operating Partnership. These limited
partnership interests are held by senior members of our
management, certain members of our Board of Directors and
certain outside investors, or the Operating Partnership holders,
and comprise approximately 10% of the limited partnership
interests of the Operating Partnership as of March 31,
2003. In addition, the Operating Partnership has invested in
certain real estate partnerships. In this registration
statement, we also registered, pursuant to certain registration
rights, shares of common stock, which are issuable upon
redemption of all of the limited partnership interests on such
real estate partnerships. The registration and resale of the
shares of common stock pursuant to the registration statement
may have an adverse effect on the market price of our shares.
Our Chairman is Involved in Other Real Estate Activities and
Investments, Which May Lead to Conflicts of Interest
Our Chairman, George M. Marcus, owns interests in various other
real estate-related businesses and investments. He is the
Chairman of The Marcus & Millichap Company, or MM,
which is the holding company for real estate brokerage and
services companies. MM has an interest in Pacific Property
Company, a company that invests in West Coast multifamily
residential properties. In 1999 we sold an office building which
Essex previously occupied to MM.
Mr. Marcus has agreed not to divulge any information that
may be received by him in his capacity as Chairman of Essex to
any of his affiliated companies and that he will absent himself
from any and all discussions by the Essex Board of Directors
regarding any proposed acquisition and/or development of a
multifamily property where it appears that there may be a
conflict of interest with any of his affiliated companies.
Notwithstanding this agreement, Mr. Marcus and his
affiliated entities may potentially compete with us in acquiring
and/or developing multifamily properties, which competition may
be detrimental to us. In addition, due to such potential
competition for real estate investments, Mr. Marcus and his
affiliated entities may have a conflict of interest with us,
which may be detrimental to the interests of Essexs
stockholders.
The Influence of Executive Officers, Directors and
Significant Stockholders May Be Detrimental to Holders of Common
Stock
As of June 30, 2003, George M. Marcus, the Chairman of our
Board of Directors, wholly or partially owned
1,745,211 shares of common stock (including shares issuable
upon exchange of limited partnership interests in the Operating
Partnership and certain other partnerships and assuming exercise
of all vested options). This represents approximately 7.5% of
the outstanding shares of common stock. Mr. Marcus
currently does not have majority control over us. However, he
currently has, and likely will continue to have, significant
influence with respect to the election of directors and approval
or disapproval of significant corporate actions. Consequently,
his influence could result in decisions that do not reflect the
interests of all our stockholders.
Under the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership,
the consent of the holders of limited partnership interests is
generally required for any amendment of the agreement and for
certain extraordinary actions. Through their ownership of
limited partnership interests and their positions with us, our
directors and executive officers, including Mr. Marcus and
Mr. William A. Millichap, a director of Essex, have
substantial influence on us. Consequently, their influence could
result in decisions that do not reflect the interests of all
stockholders. Further pursuant to our acquisition of John M.
Sachs, Inc. in December 2002, we issued, as partial
consideration for the acquisition, 2,719,875 shares of our
common stock to the trusts that were the shareholders of that
company. As a result of this issuance, these trusts own, as of
June 30, 2003, in aggregate, approximately 13% of our
outstanding common stock. The trusts have common trustees, and
pursuant to their ownership interest in Essex, these trusts may
have significant influence over us. Such influence could result
in decisions that do not reflect the interest of all our
stockholders.
7
The Voting Rights of Preferred Stock May Allow Holders of
Preferred Stock to Impede Actions that Otherwise Benefits
Holders of Common Stock
In general, the holders of the Preferred Stock into which our
Preferred Units are exchangeable do not have any voting rights.
However, if full distributions are not made on any outstanding
preferred stock for six quarterly distributions periods, the
holders of preferred stock who have not received distributions,
voting together as a single class, will have the right to elect
two additional directors to serve on Essexs Board of
Directors. These voting rights continue until all distributions
in arrears and distributions for the current quarterly period on
the preferred stock have been paid in full. At that time, the
holders of the preferred stock are divested of these voting
rights, and the term and office of the directors so elected
immediately terminates.
In addition, while any shares of preferred stock (into which the
preferred units are exchangeable) are outstanding, Essex:
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1. may not authorize or create any
class of series of stock that ranks senior to this preferred
stock with respect to the payment of dividends, rights upon
liquidation, dissolution or
winding-up of our
business; |
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2. amend, alter or repeal the
provisions of Essexs Charter or Bylaws, that would
materially and adversely affect these rights without the consent
of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of each
series of preferred stock (as applicable), each voting
separately as a single class; |
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3. merge or consolidate with
another entity; or |
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4. transfer substantially all of
its assets to any corporation or other entity, without the
affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of each
series of preferred stock, each voting separately as a class,
unless the transaction meets certain criteria. |
These voting rights of the preferred stock may allow holders of
preferred stock to impede or veto actions that would otherwise
benefit the holders of Essexs Common Stock.
Maryland Business Combination Law May Not Allow Certain
Transactions Between us and Affiliates to Proceed Without
Compliance with Such Law
The Maryland General Corporation Law establishes special
requirements for business combinations between a
Maryland corporation and interested stockholders
unless exemptions are applicable. An interested stockholder is
any person who beneficially owns ten percent or more of the
voting power of the then-outstanding voting stock.
The law also requires a supermajority stockholder vote for such
transactions. This means that the transaction must be approved
by at least:
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80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding
voting shares; and |
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66% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding
voting shares other than shares held by the interested
stockholder with whom the business combination is to be effected. |
However, as permitted by the statute, the Board of Directors of
Essex irrevocably has elected to exempt any business combination
by us, George M. Marcus, William A. Millichap, who are the
chairman and a director of
Essex, respectively, and MM or any entity owned or controlled by
Messrs. Marcus and Millichap and MM. Consequently, the
super-majority vote requirement described above will not apply
to any business combination between us and Mr. Marcus,
Mr. Millichap, or MM. As a result, we may in the future
enter into business combinations with Messrs. Marcus and
Millichap and MM, without compliance with the super-majority
vote requirements and other provisions of the Maryland General
Corporation Law.
8
Anti-Takeover Provisions Contained in the Operating
Partnership Agreement, Charter, Bylaws, and Certain Provisions
of Maryland Law Could Delay, Defer or Prevent a Change in
Control
While Essex is the sole general partner of the Operating
Partnership, and generally has full and exclusive responsibility
and discretion in the management and control of the Operating
Partnership, certain provisions of the Operating
Partnerships partnership agreement place limitations on
Essexs ability to act with respect to the Operating
Partnership. Such limitations could delay, defer or prevent a
transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium
price for our stock or otherwise be in the best interest of the
stockholders or that could otherwise adversely affect the
interest of Essexs stockholders. The partnership agreement
provides that if the limited partners own at least 5% of the
outstanding units of limited partnership interest in the
Operating Partnership, Essex cannot, without first obtaining the
consent of a
majority-in-interest of
the limited partners in the Operating Partnership, transfer all
or any portion of our general partner interest in the Operating
Partnership to another entity. Such limitations on Essexs
ability to act may result in our being precluded from taking
action that the Board of Directors believes is in the best
interests of Essexs stockholders. In addition, as of
August 1, 2003, two individuals together held more than 50%
of the outstanding units of limited partnership interest in the
Operating Partnership, allowing such actions to be blocked by a
small number of limited partners.
Essexs Charter authorizes the issuance of additional
shares of common stock or preferred stock and the setting of the
preferences, rights and other terms of such preferred stock
without the approval of the holders of the common stock. We may
establish one or more series of preferred stock that could
delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control.
Such a transaction might involve a premium price for our stock
or otherwise be in the best interests of the holders of common
stock. Also, such a class of preferred stock could have
dividend, voting or other rights that could adversely affect the
interest of holders of common stock.
Essexs Charter, as well as Essexs stockholder rights
plan, also contains other provisions that may delay, defer or
prevent a transaction or a change in control that might be in
the best interest of Essexs stockholders. Essexs
stockholder rights plan is designed, among other things, to
prevent a person or group from gaining control of us without
offering a fair price to all of Essexs stockholders. Also,
the Bylaws may be amended by the Board of Directors to include
provisions that would have a similar effect, although Essex
presently has no such intention. The Charter contains ownership
provisions limiting the transferability and ownership of shares
of capital stock, which may have the effect of delaying,
deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control.
For example, subject to receiving an exemption from the Board of
Directors, potential acquirers may not purchase more than 6% in
value of the stock (other than qualified pension trusts, which
can acquire 9.9%). This may discourage tender offers that may be
attractive to the holders of common stock and limit the
opportunity for stockholders to receive a premium for their
shares of common stock.
In addition, the Maryland General Corporations Law restricts the
voting rights of shares deemed to be control shares.
Under the Maryland General Corporations Law, control
shares are those which, when aggregated with any other
shares held by the acquirer, entitle the acquirer to exercise
voting power within specified ranges. Although the Bylaws exempt
Essex from the control share provisions of the Maryland General
Corporations Law, the Board of Directors may amend or eliminate
the provisions of the Bylaws at any time in the future.
Moreover, any such amendment or elimination of such provision of
the Bylaws may result in the application of the control share
provisions of the Maryland General Corporations Law not only to
control shares which may be acquired in the future, but also to
control shares previously acquired. If the provisions of the
Bylaws are amended or eliminated, the control share provisions
of the Maryland General Corporations Law could delay, defer or
prevent a transaction or change in control that might involve a
premium price for the stock or otherwise be in the best
interests of Essexs stockholders.
Bond Compliance Requirements May Limit Income From Certain
Properties
At March 31, 2003, we had approximately $60.4 million
of variable rate tax-exempt financing relating to the Inglenook
Court Apartments, Wandering Creek Apartments, Treetops
Apartments, Huntington Breakers Apartments, Camarillo Oaks
Apartments and Parker Ranch Apartments and $16.1 million of
fixed rate tax-
9
exempt financing related to Meadowood Apartments. This
tax-exempt financing subjects these properties to certain deed
restrictions and restrictive covenants. We expect to engage in
tax-exempt financings in the future. In addition, the Internal
Revenue Code and rules and regulations thereunder impose various
restrictions, conditions and requirements excluding interest on
qualified bond obligations from gross income for federal income
tax purposes. The Internal Revenue Code also requires that at
least 20% of apartment units be made available to residents with
gross incomes that do not exceed 50% of the median income for
the applicable family size as determined by the Housing and
Urban Development Department of the federal government. In
addition to federal requirements, certain state and local
authorities may impose additional rental restrictions. These
restrictions may limit income from the tax-exempt financed
properties if we are required to lower rental rates to attract
residents who satisfy the median income test. If Essex does not
reserve the required number of apartment homes for residents
satisfying these income requirements, the tax-exempt status of
the bonds may be terminated, the obligations under the bond
documents may be accelerated and we may be subject to additional
contractual liability.
Adverse Effect To Property Income And Value Due To General
Real Estate Investment Risks
Real property investments are subject to a variety of risks. The
yields available from equity investments in real estate depend
on the amount of income generated and expenses incurred. If the
properties do not generate sufficient income to meet operating
expenses, including debt service and capital expenditures, cash
flow and ability to make distributions to stockholders will be
adversely affected. The performance of the economy in each of
the areas in which the properties are located affects occupancy,
market rental rates and expenses.
Consequently, the income from the properties and their
underlying values may be impacted. The financial results of
major local employers may have an impact on the cash flow and
value of certain of the properties as well.
Income from the properties may be further adversely affected by,
among other things, the following factors:
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the general economic climate; |
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local economic conditions in which the properties are located,
such as oversupply of space or a reduction in demand for rental
space; |
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the attractiveness of the properties to tenants; |
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competition from other available space; |
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Essexs ability to provide for adequate maintenance and
insurance; and |
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increased operating expenses. |
Also, as leases on the properties expire, tenants may enter into
new leases on terms that are less favorable to us. Income and
real estate values also may be adversely affected by such
factors as applicable laws (e.g., the Americans With
Disabilities Act of 1990 and tax laws), interest rate levels and
the availability and terms of financing. In addition, real
estate investments are relatively illiquid and, therefore, our
ability to vary our portfolio promptly in response to changes in
economic or other conditions may be quite limited.
Essexs Joint Ventures and Joint Ownership of Properties
and Partial Interests in Corporations and Limited Partnerships
Could Limit Essexs Ability to Control Such Properties and
Partial Interests
Instead of purchasing properties directly, we have invested and
may continue to invest as a co-venturer. Joint venturers often
have shared control over the operation of the joint venture
assets. Therefore, it is possible that the co-venturer in an
investment might become bankrupt, or have economic or business
interests or goals that are inconsistent with our business
interests or goals, or be in a position to take action contrary
to our instructions or requests, or our policies or objectives.
Consequently, a co-venturers actions might subject
property owned by the joint venture to additional risk. Although
we seek to maintain sufficient
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influence of any joint venture to achieve its objectives, we may
be unable to take action without our joint venture
partners approval, or joint venture partners could take
actions binding on the joint venture without consent.
Additionally, should a joint venture partner become bankrupt, we
could become liable for such partners share of joint
venture liabilities.
From time to time, we, through the Operating Partnership, invest
in corporations, limited partnerships, limited liability
companies or other entities that have been formed for the
purpose of acquiring, developing or managing real property. In
certain circumstances, the Operating Partnerships interest
in a particular entity may be less than a majority of the
outstanding voting interests of that entity. Therefore, the
Operating Partnerships ability to control the daily
operations of such an entity may be limited. Furthermore, the
Operating Partnership may not have the power to remove a
majority of the board of directors (in the case of a
corporation) or the general partner or partners (in the case of
a limited partnership) of such an entity in the event that its
operations conflict with the Operating Partnerships
objectives. In addition, the Operating Partnership may not be
able to dispose of its interests in such an entity. In the event
that such an entity becomes insolvent, the Operating Partnership
may lose up to its entire investment in and any advances to the
entity. In addition, we have and in the future may enter into
transactions that could require us to pay the tax liabilities of
partners, which contribute assets into joint ventures or the
Operating Partnership, in the event that certain taxable events,
which are within our control, occur. Although we plan to hold
the contributed assets or defer recognition of gain on their
sale pursuant to the like-kind exchange rules under
Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code we can provide no
assurance that we will be able to do so and if such tax
liabilities were incurred they can expect to have a material
impact on our financial position.
Dedicated Investment Activities and Other Factors
Specifically Related to Essex Apartment Value Fund, L.P.
In 2001, we organized an investment fund, Essex Apartment Value
Fund, L.P., or the Fund, which will be, subject to specific
exceptions, our exclusive investment vehicle for new investment
until at least 90% of the Funds committed capital has been
invested or committed for investments, or if earlier,
December 31, 2003. We are committed to invest 21.4% of the
aggregate capital committed to the Fund. This Fund involves
risks to us such as the following: our partners in the Fund
might become bankrupt (in which event we might become generally
liable for the liabilities of the Fund), have economic or
business interests or goals that are inconsistent with our
business interests or goals, fail to fund capital commitments as
contractually required, or fail to approve decisions regarding
the Fund that are in our best interest. We will, however,
generally seek to maintain sufficient influence over the Fund to
permit it to achieve its business objectives.
Investments In Mortgages And Other Real Estate Securities
We may invest in securities related to real estate, which could
adversely affect our ability to make distributions to
stockholders. We may purchase securities issued by entities,
which own real estate and may also invest in mortgages or
unsecured debt obligations. These mortgages may be first, second
or third mortgages that may or may not be insured or otherwise
guaranteed. In general, investments in mortgages include the
following risks:
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that the value of mortgaged property may be less than the
amounts owed, causing realized or unrealized losses; |
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the borrower may not pay indebtedness under the mortgage when
due, requiring us to foreclose, and the amount recovered in
connection with foreclosure may be less than the amount owed; |
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that interest rates payable on the mortgages may be lower than
our cost of funds; and |
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in the case of junior mortgages, that foreclosure of a senior
mortgage would eliminate the junior mortgage. |
If any of the above were to occur, cash flows from operations
and our ability to make expected dividends to stockholders could
be adversely affected.
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Possible Environmental Liabilities
Investments in real property create a potential for
environmental liabilities on the part of the owner of such real
property. We carry certain insurance coverage for this type of
environmental risk. We have conducted environmental studies,
which revealed the presence of groundwater contamination at
certain properties. Such contamination at certain of these
properties was reported to have migrated
on-site from adjacent
industrial manufacturing operations. The former industrial users
of the properties were identified as the source of
contamination. The environmental studies noted that certain
properties are located adjacent to any possible down gradient
from sites with known groundwater contamination, the lateral
limits of which may extend onto such properties. The
environmental studies also noted that at certain of these
properties, contamination existed because of the presence of
underground fuel storage tanks, which have been removed. In
general, in connection with the ownership, operation, financing,
management and development of real properties, we may be
potentially liable for removal or
clean-up costs, as well
as certain other costs and environmental liabilities. We may
also be subject to governmental fines and costs related to
injuries to persons and property.
Recently there has been an increasing number of lawsuits against
owners and managers of multifamily properties, other than us,
alleging personal injury and property damage caused by the
presence of mold in residential real estate. Mold related claims
are often excluded from standard insurance policies. Should an
uninsured mold related claim arise against us, we could be
required to use our own funds to resolve the claim and to make
any needed cleanups to the involved property.
California has enacted legislation commonly referred to as
Proposition 65 requiring that clear and
reasonable warnings be given to consumers who are exposed
to chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer or
reproductive toxicity, including tobacco smoke. Although we have
sought to comply with Proposition 65 requirements, we cannot
assure you that we will not be adversely affected by litigation
relating to Proposition 65.
We cannot assure you that existing environmental assessments of
our properties reveal all environmental liabilities, that any
prior owner of any of our properties did not create a material
environmental condition not known to us, or that a material
environmental condition does not otherwise exist as to any one
or more of our properties.
General Uninsured Losses
We carry comprehensive liability, fire, extended coverage and
rental loss insurance for each of the properties. There are,
however, certain types of extraordinary losses for which we do
not have insurance. Certain of the properties are located in
areas that are subject to earthquake activity. We have obtained
certain limited earthquake insurance coverage. We may sustain
losses due to insurance deductibles, co-payments on insured
losses or uninsured losses, or losses in excess of applicable
coverage.
Changes In Real Estate Tax And Other Laws
Generally we do not directly pass through costs resulting from
changes in real estate tax laws to residential property tenants.
We also do not generally pass through increases in income,
service or other taxes, to tenants under leases. These costs may
adversely affect funds from operations and the ability to make
distributions to stockholders. Similarly, compliance with
changes in (i) laws increasing the potential liability for
environmental conditions existing on properties or the
restrictions on discharges or other conditions or (ii) rent
control or rent stabilization laws or other laws regulating
housing may result in significant unanticipated expenditures,
which would adversely affect funds from operations and the
ability to make distributions to stockholders. In addition,
recent changes to the U.S. federal income tax law may
adversely affect us and other REITs by reducing the demand for
REIT stocks generally.
12
Changes In Financing Policy; No Limitation On Debt
We have adopted a policy of maintaining a
debt-to-total-market-capitalization
ratio of less than 50%. The calculation of
debt-to-total-market-capitalization
is as follows: total property indebtedness divided by the sum of
total property indebtedness plus total equity market
capitalization.
As used in the above formula, total market capitalization is
equal to the aggregate market value of the outstanding shares of
common stock (based on the greater of current market price or
the gross proceeds per share from public offerings of the
outstanding shares plus any undistributed net cash flow),
assuming the conversion of all limited partnership interests in
the Operating Partnership into shares of common stock and the
gross proceeds of the preferred units of the Operating
Partnership. Based on this calculation (including the current
market price and excluding undistributed net cash flow), our
debt-to-total-market-capitalization
ratio was approximately 36% as of March 31, 2003.
Our organizational documents do not limit the amount or
percentage of indebtedness that may be incurred. Accordingly,
the Board of Directors of Essex could change current policies
and the policies of the Operating Partnership regarding
indebtedness. If we changed these policies, we could incur more
debt, resulting in an increased risk of default on our
obligations and the obligations of the Operating Partnership,
and an increase in debt service requirements that could
adversely affect our financial condition and results of
operations. Such increased debt could exceed the underlying
value of the properties.
Failure To Qualify As A REIT
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue
Code. However, we cannot assure you that we have qualified as a
REIT or that we will continue to so qualify in the future. To
qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy numerous requirements (some
on an annual and quarterly basis) established under highly
technical and complex Internal Revenue Code provisions. Only
limited judicial or administrative interpretation exists for
these provisions and involves the determination of various
factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our
control. In addition, future legislation, new regulations,
administrative interpretations or court decisions may apply to
us, potentially with retroactive effect, and adversely affect
our ability to qualify as a REIT. We may receive significant
non-qualifying income or acquire non-qualifying assets, which as
a result, may cause us to approach the income and assets test
limits imposed by the Internal Revenue Code. There is a risk
that we may not satisfy these tests. If we fail to qualify as a
REIT in any taxable year, we would be subject to federal income
tax on our taxable income at corporate rates. We also may be
disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years
following the year in which we failed to qualify. This would
reduce our net earnings available for investment or distribution
to stockholders because of the additional tax liability. Even if
we continue to qualify as a REIT, we will continue to be subject
to certain federal, state and local taxes on our income and
property.
13
U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX STATUS
Essex has elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856
through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code, commencing with its
taxable year ended December 31, 1994. As a REIT, in
general, Essex is not subject to U.S. federal income tax on
our net income that Essex distributes to its stockholders. See
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
General
As of June 30, 2003, the total number of shares of all
classes of capital stock that Essex had authority to issue was
1,000,000,000 shares, consisting of 656,682,178 shares
of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share,
13,317,822 shares of preferred stock, par value
$0.0001 per share, and 330,000,000 shares of excess
stock.
As of June 30, 2003, there were 21,054,792 shares of
common stock issued and outstanding. Up to 1,375,400 shares
of common stock have been reserved for issuance under Essex
Property Trust, Inc. 1994 Stock Incentive Plan and up to
406,500 shares of common stock have been reserved for
issuance under Essex Property Trust, Inc. 1994 Employee Stock
Purchase Plan. In addition, an aggregate of
2,325,490 shares of common stock may be issued upon the
conversion of limited partnership interests in the Operating
Partnership and an additional 56,000 shares of common stock
would be issuable in exchange for non-forfeitable Series Z
Incentive Units in the Operating Partnership, subject to meeting
certain requirements with respect to the Series Z Incentive
Units program. In addition, certain partners in limited
partnerships in which the Operating Partnership have invested,
have the right to have their limited partnership interests in
such partnership redeemed for cash or, at our option, for an
aggregate of 1,468,198 shares of common stock.
Common Stock
The following description of the common stock sets forth certain
general terms and provisions of the common stock. This
description is in all respects subject to and qualified in its
entirety by reference to the applicable provisions of
Essexs Charter and the its Bylaws. The common stock is
listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol
ESS. Computershare Investor Services, LLC is
Essexs transfer agent.
The holders of the outstanding common stock are entitled to one
vote per share on all matters voted on by stockholders,
including elections of directors. The Charter provides that
shares of common stock do not have cumulative voting rights.
The shares of common stock offered hereby are fully paid and
nonassessable and will not be subject to preemptive or similar
rights. Subject to the preferential rights of any outstanding
series of capital stock, the holders of common stock are
entitled to such distributions as may be declared from time to
time by the Board of Directors from funds available for
distribution to such holders. Essex currently pays regular
quarterly dividends to holders of common stock out of funds
legally available for distribution when, and if, declared by
Essexs Board of Directors.
In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of
Essex, the holders of common stock are entitled to receive
ratably the assets remaining after satisfaction of all
liabilities and payment of liquidation preferences and accrued
dividends, if any, on any series of capital stock that has a
liquidation preference. The rights of holders of common stock
are subject to the rights and preferences established by the
Board of Directors for any capital stock that may subsequently
be issued by Essex.
We are required to seek certain information from all persons who
own, directly or by virtue of the attribution provisions of the
Internal Revenue Code, more than a certain percentage of our
outstanding stock. Stockholders who do not provide us with the
information requested are required to submit such information
with their U.S. federal income tax returns. See
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Considerations Requirements for Qualification.
14
Restrictions on Transfer
In order for Essex to qualify as a REIT under the Internal
Revenue Code, among other requirements (see Material
U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations
Requirements for Qualification), no more than 50% of the
value of the outstanding shares of our stock may be owned,
directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals, as defined
in the Internal Revenue Code, during the last half of a taxable
year (other than the first year) or during a proportionate part
of a shorter taxable year. In addition, our stock must be owned
by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a
taxable year of 12 months (other than our first year as a
REIT) or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year.
Because it is essential for us to continue to qualify as a REIT,
the Charter, subject to certain exceptions, provides an
ownership limit under which no stockholder, other
than George M. Marcus, may own, or be deemed to own by virtue of
the attribution provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, more
than 6.0% of the value of the issued and outstanding shares of
our stock. However, the ownership limit provisions provide that
a qualified trust, as defined in the charter, generally may own
up to 9.9% of the value of the outstanding shares of our stock.
If George M. Marcus converts his limited partnership interests
in the Operating Partnership into shares of common stock, he may
exceed the ownership limit. The ownership limit provisions
therefore provide that George M. Marcus may acquire additional
shares (up to 25% of the value of the outstanding shares of our
stock) pursuant to conversion rights or from other sources so
long as the acquisition does not result in the five largest
beneficial owners of Essexs stock holding more than 50% of
the value of the outstanding shares of Essexs stock. The
Board of Directors may also exempt a stockholder from the
ownership limit if it received satisfactory evidence that such
stockholders ownership of Essexs shares in excess of
the ownership limit will not jeopardize Essexs status as a
REIT. As a condition to providing such an exemption, the Board
of Directors must receive an opinion of counsel and
representations and agreements from the applicant with respect
to preserving Essexs REIT status. However, the Board of
Directors cannot grant an exemption to the ownership limit if
the applicant would own more than 25% of the value of the
outstanding shares of Essexs stock, unless, in addition to
the foregoing, the Board of Directors receives a ruling from the
Internal Revenue Service to the effect that such an exemption
will not jeopardize Essexs status as a REIT. The Board of
Directors has granted an exemption to the ownership limit to the
trusts that were shareholders of John M. Sachs, Inc. in
connection with the issuance of common stock of Essex to such
trusts for the acquisition of John M. Sachs, Inc. The Board of
Directors may also increase the ownership limit to a maximum of
9.9% and, in connection therewith, require opinions of counsel,
affidavits, undertakings or agreements as it may deem necessary
or advisable in order to preserve Essexs REIT status. If
the Board of Directors and Essexs stockholders determine
that it is no longer in our best interests to attempt to
qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT, the ownership
limit provisions of the Charter can be terminated.
If a stockholder attempts to transfer shares of stock that would
(i) create a direct ownership of Essexs shares in
excess of the ownership limit absent a Board exemption,
(ii) result in the ownership of Essexs stock by fewer
than 100 persons or (iii) result in the ownership of more
than 50% of the value of Essexs stock, directly or
indirectly, by five or fewer individuals, as defined in the
Internal Revenue Code, the transfer shall be null and void, and
the intended transferee will acquire no rights to the shares. In
addition, such shares of our stock will automatically be
exchanged for shares of excess stock. Shares of
Essexs outstanding stock will also be so exchanged if, as
a result of a change in our capital structure, such shares
violate any of the foregoing limitations. All excess stock will
be automatically transferred, without action by the purported
holder, to a person who is unaffiliated with us or the intended
transferee, as trustee for the exclusive benefit of one or more
organizations described in Sections 170(b), 170(c) or
501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code as charitable beneficiary
and designated by resolution of the Board of Directors. Such
shares of excess stock held in trust are considered issued and
outstanding shares of Essexs stock. In general, the
trustee of such shares is deemed to own the shares of excess
stock held in trust for the exclusive benefit of the charitable
beneficiary on the day prior to the date of the purported
transfer or change in capital structure which resulted in the
automatic transfer.
Even if the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code regarding
REITs are changed to eliminate any ownership concentration
limitation or increase the limitation, the ownership limitations
in the Charter will not be automatically eliminated or modified.
Except as described above, any change to such limitations would
15
require an amendment to the Charter, which in turn would require
the affirmative vote of holders owning a majority of the
outstanding shares of Essexs common stock. In addition to
preserving Essexs status as a REIT, the ownership limit
provisions in the Charter may have the effect of precluding an
acquisition of our control without the approval of the Board of
Directors.
All certificates representing shares of equity stock will bear a
legend referring to the restrictions described above.
Stockholder Rights Plan
On October 13, 1998, the Board of Directors of Essex
adopted a Stockholder Rights Plan and declared a dividend
distribution of one Right for each outstanding share
of its common stock to stockholders of record at the close of
business on November 21, 1998, and authorized the issuance
of one Right with each share of common stock issued thereafter.
Each Right entitles the registered holder to purchase from Essex
one one-hundredth of a share (a Unit) of
Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock at a purchase
price of $99.13 per Unit, subject to adjustment. In certain
circumstances the Rights will entitle holders to purchase shares
of common stock or the common stock of an Acquiring Person (as
defined below). The description and terms of the Rights are set
forth in a Rights Agreement between Essex and BankBoston, N.A.,
as Rights Agent, dated as of November 11, 1998, and as
amended December 13, 2000 and February 28, 2002.
The Rights will separate from the common stock and the
Distribution Date will occur upon the earlier of
(i) ten (10) days following a public announcement that
a person or group of affiliated or associated persons (an
Acquiring Person) has acquired, or obtained the
right to acquire, beneficial ownership of fifteen percent (15%)
or more of the outstanding shares of common stock (unless such
person is or becomes the beneficial owner of 15% or more of
Essexs outstanding common stock and had a contractual
right or the approval of Essexs Board of Directors;
provided that such percentage shall not be greater than nineteen
and nine-tenths percent (19.9%)) (the Stock Acquisition
Date), other than as a result of repurchases of stock by
the Essex, or (ii) ten (10) business days (or such
later date as the Board shall determine) following the
commencement of a tender offer or exchange offer that would
result in a person or group becoming an Acquiring Person.
Certain persons, including us are exempt from the definition of
Acquiring Person.
The Rights are not exercisable until the Distribution Date and
will expire at the close of business on November 11, 2008
unless earlier redeemed or exchanged by Essex or terminated
pursuant to a merger or other acquisition transaction involving
Essex approved by Essexs Board of Directors. In general,
at any time until ten (10) days following the Stock
Acquisition Date, a majority of the Board of Directors may
redeem the Rights in whole, but not in part, at a price of
$.01 per Right (subject to adjustment in certain events);
provided, however, that the Rights generally may not be redeemed
for one hundred eighty (180) days following a change in a
majority of the Board as a result of a proxy contest.
Description of Series B, Series C, Series D
and Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock
General
On February 6, 1998 and April 20, 1998, the Operating
Partnership completed private placements of 1,200,000 and
400,000 units, respectively, of 7.875% Series B
Preferred Units (the Series B Preferred Units),
representing a limited partnership interest in the Operating
Partnership, to an institutional investor in return for
contributions to the Operating Partnership of $60 million
and $20 million, respectively. The Series B Preferred
Units will become exchangeable on a one for one basis, in whole
or in part at any time on or after February 6, 2008 for
shares of Essexs 7.875% Series B Cumulative
Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $.0001 per share (the
Series B Preferred Stock); provided, however,
that the Series B Preferred Units will become immediately
exchangeable if (i) full distributions for such Units with
respect to six quarterly distribution periods have not been
fully paid, (ii) the holders of such Units are notified
that the Operating Partnership will become a publicly
traded partnership within the meaning of Section 7704
of the Internal Revenue Code (a PTP),
(iii) after the third anniversary of the private placement,
the holders are notified that such exchange at such earlier date
would not cause the Series B Preferred Units to be
considered stock and securities within the meaning
of Section 351(e) of the Code, or (iv) if there is a
substantial risk that the
16
interest in the Operating Partnership of the holder of
Series B Preferred Units represents more than 19.5% of the
total profits or capital interest, in the Operating Partnership
for a taxable year. Pursuant to the terms of a registration
rights agreement, entered into in connection with this private
placement, the holders of Series B Preferred Stock will
have certain rights to cause Essex to register such shares of
Series B Preferred Stock. On February 10, 1998, Essex
filed Articles Supplementary reclassifying
2,000,000 shares of its Common Stock, par value
$.0001 per share, as 2,000,000 shares of Series B
Preferred Stock and setting forth the rights, preferences and
privileges of the Series B Preferred Stock. Presently, no
shares of Series B Preferred Stock are outstanding. Upon
the exchange of all the Series B Preferred Units, there
would be 1,600,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock
outstanding.
On November 24, 1998, the Operating Partnership completed a
private placement of 500,000 units, of
91/8%
Cumulative Redeemable Series C Preferred Units (the
Series C Preferred Units), representing a
limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership, to
institutional investors in return for contributions to the
Operating Partnership of $25 million. The Series C
Preferred Units will become exchangeable, on a one for one
basis, in whole or in part at any time on or after
November 24, 2008 for shares of Essexs
91/8%
Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value
$.0001 per share (the Series C Preferred
Stock); provided, however, that the Series C
Preferred Units will become immediately exchangeable if
(i) full distributions for such Units with respect to six
quarterly distribution periods have not been fully paid,
(ii) the holders of such Units are notified that the
Operating Partnership will become a PTP, or (iii) after the
third anniversary of the private placement, the holders are
notified that such exchange at such earlier date would not cause
the Series C Preferred Units to be considered stock
and securities within the meaning of Section 351(e)
of the Internal Revenue Code. Pursuant to the terms of a
registration rights agreement, entered into in connection with
this private placement, the holders of Series C Preferred
Stock will have certain rights to cause Essex to register such
shares of Series C Preferred Stock. On November 25,
1998, Essex filed Articles Supplementary reclassifying
500,000 shares of its Common Stock, par value
$.0001 per share, as 500,000 shares of Series C
Preferred Stock and setting forth the rights, preferences and
privileges of the Series C Preferred Stock. Presently, no
shares of Series C Preferred Stock are outstanding. Upon
the exchange of all the Series C Preferred Units, there
would be 500,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock
outstanding.
On July 28, 1999, the Operating Partnership completed a
private placement of 2,000,000 units, of 9.30% Cumulative
Redeemable Series D Preferred Units (the
Series D Preferred Units), representing a
limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership, to
institutional investors in return for contributions to the
Operating Partnership of $50 million. The Series D
Preferred Units will become exchangeable, on a one for one
basis, in whole or in part at any time on or after July 28,
2009 for shares of Essexs 9.30% Series D Cumulative
Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $.0001 per share (the
Series D Preferred Stock); provided, however,
that the Series D Preferred Units will become immediately
exchangeable if (i) full distributions for such Units with
respect to six quarterly distribution periods have not been
fully paid, (ii) the holders of such Units are notified
that the Operating Partnership will become a PTP, (iii) the
Operating Partnership cannot satisfy the income and asset tests
of Section 856 of the Internal Revenue Code, or
(iv) after the third anniversary of the private placement,
the holders are notified that such exchange at such earlier date
would not cause the Series D Preferred Units to be
considered stock and securities within the meaning
of Section 351(e) of the Internal Revenue Code. Pursuant to
the terms of a registration rights agreement, entered into in
connection with this private placement, the holders of
Series D Preferred Stock will have certain rights to cause
Essex to register such shares of Series D Preferred Stock.
On July 30, 1999, Essex filed Articles Supplementary
reclassifying 2,000,000 shares of its Common Stock, par
value $.0001 per share, as 2,000,000 shares of
Series D Preferred Stock and setting forth the rights,
preferences and privileges of the Series D Preferred Stock.
Presently, no shares of Series D Preferred Stock are
outstanding. Upon the exchange of all the Series D
Preferred Units, there would be 2,000,000 shares of
Series D Preferred Stock outstanding.
On September 3, 1999, the Operating Partnership completed a
private placement of 2,200,000 units, of 9.25% Cumulative
Redeemable Series E Preferred Units (the
Series E Preferred Units), representing a
limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership, to
institutional investors in return for contributions to
17
the Operating Partnership of $55 million. The Series E
Preferred Units will become exchangeable, on a one for one
basis, in whole or in part at any time on or after
September 3, 2009 for shares of Essexs 9.25%
Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value
$.0001 per share (the Series E Preferred
Stock); provided, however, that the Series E
Preferred Units will become immediately exchangeable if
(i) full distributions for such Units with respect to six
quarterly distribution periods have not been fully paid,
(ii) the holders of such Units are notified that the
Operating Partnership will become a PTP, (iii) there is a
substantial risk that the interest in the Operating Partnership
of the holder of Series E Preferred Units will represent
more than 19.0% of the total profits of, or capital interests
in, the Operating Partnership for a taxable year, or
(iv) after the third anniversary of the private placement,
the holders are notified that such exchange at such earlier date
would not cause the Series E Preferred Units to be
considered stock and securities within the meaning
of Section 351(e) of the Internal Revenue Code. Pursuant to
the terms of a registration rights agreement, entered into in
connection with this private placement, the holders of
Series E Preferred Stock will have certain rights to cause
Essex to register such shares of Series E Preferred Stock.
On September 9, 1999, Essex filed
Articles Supplementary reclassifying 2,200,000 shares
of its Common Stock, par value $.0001 per share, as
2,200,000 shares of Series E Preferred Stock and
setting forth the rights, preferences and privileges of the
Series E Preferred Stock. Presently, no shares of
Series E Preferred Stock are outstanding. Upon the exchange
of all the Series E Preferred Units, there would be
2,200,000 shares of Series E Preferred Stock
outstanding.
The description of the Series B Preferred Stock,
Series C Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock and
Series E Preferred Stock is in all respects subject to and
qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable
provisions of the Charter, including the respective
Articles Supplementary applicable to the Series B
Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, Series D
Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock, and Bylaws.
Subject to the rights of holders of any other parity preferred
stock as to the payment of distributions, the holders of
Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, when, as
and if declared by Essex, out of funds legally available for the
payment of distributions, cumulative preferential cash
distributions at the rate per annum of 7.875% of the $50.00
liquidation preference per share of Series B Preferred
Stock. The holders of Series C Preferred Stock are entitled
to receive, when, as and if declared by Essex, out of funds
legally available for the payment of distributions, cumulative
preferential cash distributions at the rate of
91/8%
of $50.00 liquidation preference per share of Series C
Preferred Stock. The holders of Series D Preferred Stock
are entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by Essex, out
of funds legally available for the payment of distributions,
cumulative preferential cash distributions at the rate of 9.30%
of $25.00 liquidation preference per share of Series D
Preferred Stock. The holders of Series E Preferred Stock
are entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by Essex, out
of funds legally available for the payment of distributions,
cumulative preferential cash distributions at the rate of 9.25%
of $25.00 liquidation preference per share of Series E
Preferred Stock. Such distributions are cumulative, accrue from
the original date of issuance and are payable quarterly in
arrears, on or before the 15th of February, May, August and
November of each year with respect to the Series B,
Series C and Series D Preferred Stock, and on the
1st day of March, June, September and December of each year
with respect to the Series E Preferred Stock (each a
Preferred Stock Distribution Payment Date),
commencing in each case on the first Preferred Stock
Distribution Payment Date after the original date of issuance.
Redemption
The Series B Preferred Stock may be redeemed, at
Essexs option, on and after February 6, 2003, from
time to time, at a redemption price payable in cash equal to
$50.00 per share of Series B Preferred Stock, plus any
accumulated and unpaid dividends to the date of redemption. The
redemption price of the Series B Preferred Stock (other
than the portions thereof consisting of accumulated but unpaid
dividends) will be payable solely out of the sale proceeds of
capital stock of Essex.
The Series C Preferred Stock may be redeemed, at
Essexs option, on and after November 24, 2003, from
time to time, at a redemption price payable in cash equal to
$50.00 per share of Series C Preferred Stock, plus any
accumulated and unpaid dividends to the date of redemption. The
redemption price of the
18
Series C Preferred Stock (other than the portions thereof
consisting of accumulated but unpaid dividends) will be payable
solely out of the sale proceeds of capital stock of Essex
The Series D Preferred Stock may be redeemed, at
Essexs option, on and after July 28, 2004, from time
to time, at a redemption price payable in cash equal to
$25.00 per share of Series D Preferred Stock, plus any
accumulated and unpaid dividends to the date of redemption. The
redemption price of the Series D Preferred Stock (other
than the portions thereof consisting of accumulated but unpaid
dividends) will be payable solely out of the sale proceeds of
capital stock of Essex.
The Series E Preferred Stock may be redeemed, at
Essexs option, on and after September 3, 2004, from
time to time, at a redemption price payable in cash equal to
$25.00 per share of Series E Preferred Stock, plus any
accumulated and unpaid dividends to the date of redemption. The
redemption price of the Series E Preferred Stock (other
than the portions thereof consisting of accumulated but unpaid
dividends) will be payable solely out of the sale proceeds of
capital stock of Essex.
The Series B Preferred Units may be redeemed, at the
Operating Partnerships option on and after
February 6, 2003, from time to time, at a redemption price
payable in cash equal to the capital account balance of such
holders of Series B Preferred Units; provided however that
such redemption price shall not be permitted if such redemption
price is less than the original capital contribution of such
holder of Series B Preferred Units and the cumulative
priority return to the redemption date to the extent not
previously distributed. The redemption price of the
Series B Preferred Units (other than the portion thereof
consisting of accumulated but unpaid distributions) will be
payable solely out of the sale proceeds of capital stock of the
Company.
The Series C Preferred Units may be redeemed, at the
Operating Partnerships option on and after
November 24, 2003, from time to time, at a redemption price
payable in cash equal to the capital account balance of such
holders of Series C Preferred Units; provided however that
such redemption price shall not be permitted if such redemption
price is less than the original capital contribution of such
holder of Series C Preferred Units and the cumulative
priority return to the redemption date to the extent not
previously distributed. The redemption price of the
Series C Preferred Units (other than the portion thereof
consisting of accumulated but unpaid distributions) will be
payable solely out of the sale proceeds of capital stock of the
Company.
The Series D Preferred Units may be redeemed, at the
Operating Partnerships option on and after July 28,
2004, from time to time, at a redemption price payable in cash
equal to the capital account balance of such holders of
Series D Preferred Units; provided however that such
redemption price shall not be permitted if such redemption price
is less than the original capital contribution of such holder of
Series D Preferred Units and the cumulative priority return
to the redemption date to the extent not previously distributed.
The redemption price of the Series D Preferred Units (other
than the portion thereof consisting of accumulated but unpaid
distributions) will be payable solely out of the sale proceeds
of capital stock of the Company.
The Series E Preferred Units may be redeemed, at the
Operating Partnerships option on and after
September 3, 2004, from time to time, at a redemption price
payable in cash equal to the capital account balance of such
holders of Series E Preferred Units; provided however that
such redemption price shall not be permitted if such redemption
price is less than the original capital contribution of such
holder of Series E Preferred Units and the cumulative
priority return to the redemption date to the extent not
previously distributed. The redemption price of the
Series E Preferred Units (other than the portion thereof
consisting of accumulated but unpaid distributions) will be
payable solely out of the sale proceeds of capital stock of the
Company.
The Corporation may not redeem fewer than all of the outstanding
shares of Series B, Series C, Series D or
Series E Preferred Stock unless all accumulated and unpaid
distributions have been paid on all Series B,
Series C, Series D and Series E Preferred Stock
for all quarterly distribution periods terminating on or prior
to the date of redemption.
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Limited Voting Rights
If at any time full distributions shall not have been timely
made on any Series B, Series C, Series D or
Series E Preferred Stock with respect to any six
(6) prior quarterly distribution periods, whether or not
consecutive, the holders of such Series B, Series C,
Series D and Series E Preferred Stock, voting together
as a single class with the holders of each class or series of
parity preferred stock, will have the right to elect two
additional directors to the Board of Directors at a special
meeting called by the holders of record of at least 10% of the
then outstanding shares of Series B, Series C,
Series D and Series E Preferred Stock, or any parity
preferred stock, or at the next annual meeting of stockholders,
and at each subsequent annual meeting of stockholders or special
meeting held in place thereof, until all such distributions in
arrears and distributions for the current quarter have been paid
in full. Thereafter, the holders of Series B,
Series C, Series D and Series E Preferred Stock
will be divested of their voting rights and the term of any
member of the Board of Directors elected by the holders of
Series B, Series C, Series D and Series E
Preferred Stock and holders of any shares of parity preferred
stock shall terminate.
In addition, while any shares of the Series B,
Series C, Series D and Series E Preferred Stock
are outstanding, Essex shall not, without the affirmative vote
of the holders of at least two-thirds
(2/3)
of the Series B, Series C, Series D and
Series E Preferred Stock outstanding at the time:
(i) authorize or create, or increase the authorized or
issued amount of, any class or series of shares ranking prior to
the Series B, Series C, Series D or Series E
Preferred Stock with respect to payment of distributions or
rights upon liquidation, dissolution or
winding-up or
reclassify any authorized shares of Essex into any such shares,
or create, authorize or issue any obligations or security
convertible into or evidencing the right to purchase any such
shares or (ii) either amend, alter or repeal the provisions
of Essexs Charter (including the
Articles Supplementary pertaining to the Series B,
Series C, Series D or Series E Preferred Stock)
or Bylaws, that would materially and adversely affect the
preferences, other rights, voting powers, restrictions,
limitations as to dividends and other distributions,
qualifications, or terms and conditions of redemption, of any
outstanding shares of the Series B, Series C,
Series D and Series E Preferred Stock. Further, while
any shares of the Series B, Series C, Series D
and Series E Preferred Stock are outstanding, Essex shall
not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of at least
two-thirds
(2/3)
of the Series B, Series C, Series D and
Series E Preferred Stock outstanding at the time
consolidate, amalgamate, merge with or into, or convey, transfer
or lease its assets substantially as an entirety to, any
corporation or other entity, unless (a) Essex is the
surviving entity and the shares of the Series B,
Series C, Series D and Series E Preferred Stock
remain outstanding with the terms thereof unchanged,
(b) the resulting, surviving or transferee entity is a
corporation or other entity organized under the laws of any
state and substitutes for the Series B, Series C,
Series D and Series E Preferred Stock other preferred
stock having substantially the same terms and same rights as the
Series B, Series C, Series D and Series E
Preferred Stock, including with respect to distributions, voting
rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up,
or (c) such merger, consolidation, amalgamation or asset
transfer does not adversely affect the powers, special rights,
preferences and privileges of the holders of the Series B,
Series C, Series D and Series E Preferred Stock
in any material respect.
The Series B, Series C, Series D and
Series E Preferred Stock will have no voting rights other
than as discussed above and as otherwise provided by applicable
law.
Liquidation Preference
Subject to the rights of the holders of any other parity
preferred stock, each share of Series B Preferred Stock and
Series C Preferred Stock is entitled to a liquidation
preference of $50.00 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid
dividends, in preference to any other class or series of capital
stock of Essex, and each share of Series D Preferred Stock
and each share of Series E Preferred Stock is entitled to a
liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, plus any
accrued and unpaid dividends, in preference to any other class
or series of capital stock of Essex.
20
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
Essex has no Warrants outstanding (other than options issued
under Essexs stock option plans). Essex may issue Warrants
for the purchase of Common Stock. Essex may issue warrants
independently or together with any other Offered Securities
offered by any Prospectus Supplement and may be attached to or
separate from such Offered Securities. Each series of Warrants
will be issued under a separate warrant agreement (each, a
Warrant Agreement) to be entered into between Essex
and a warrant agent specified in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement (the Warrant Agent). The Warrant Agent
will act solely as an agent of Essex in connection with the
Warrants of such series and will not assume any obligation or
relationship of agency or trust for or with any provisions of
the Warrants offered hereby. Further terms of the Warrants and
the applicable Warrant Agreements will be set forth in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement.
The applicable Prospectus Supplement will describe the terms of
the Warrants in respect of which this prospectus is being
delivered, including, where applicable, the following:
(1) the title of such Warrants; (2) the aggregate
number of such Warrants; (3) the price or prices at which
such Warrants will be issued; (4) the designation, terms
and number of shares of Common Stock purchasable upon exercise
of such Warrants; (5) the designation and terms of the
Offered Securities, if any, with which such Warrants are issued
and the number of such Warrants issued with each such Offered
Security; (6) the date, if any, on and after which such
Warrants and the related Common Stock will be separately
transferable; (7) the price at which each share of Common
Stock purchasable upon exercise of such Warrants may be
purchased; (8) the date on which the right to exercise such
Warrants shall commence and the date on which such right shall
expire; (9) the minimum or maximum amount of such Warrants
which may be exercised at any one time; (10) information
with respect to book-entry procedures, if any; (11) a
discussion of certain federal income tax considerations; and
(12) any other terms of such Warrants, including terms,
procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise
of such Warrants.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK
General
Subject to limitations prescribed by Maryland law and
Essexs Charter, the Board of Directors is authorized to
issue, from the authorized but unissued shares of capital stock
of Essex, Preferred Stock in such classes or series as the Board
of Directors may determine and to establish from time to time
the number of shares of Preferred Stock to be included in any
such class or series and to fix the designation and any
preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers,
restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications and
terms and conditions of redemption of the shares of any such
class or series, and such other subjects or matters as may be
fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors. The issuance of
Preferred Stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or
preventing a change in control of Essex.
Preferred Stock, upon issuance against full payment of the
purchase price therefor, will be fully paid and nonassessable.
The specific terms of a particular class or series of Preferred
Stock will be described in the Prospectus Supplement relating to
that class or series, including a Prospectus Supplement
providing that Preferred Stock may be issuable upon the exercise
of Warrants issued by Essex. The description of Preferred Stock
set forth below and the description of the terms of a particular
class or series of Preferred Stock set forth in a Prospectus
Supplement do not purport to be complete and are qualified in
their entirety by reference to the articles supplementary
relating to that class or series.
The preferences and other terms of the Preferred Stock of each
class or series will be fixed by the articles supplementary
relating to such class or series. A Prospectus Supplement,
relating to each class or series, will specify the terms of the
Preferred Stock as follows:
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(1) The title and stated value of
such Preferred Stock; |
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(2) The number of shares of such
Preferred Stock offered, the liquidation preference per share
and the offering price of such Preferred Stock; |
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(3) The dividend rate(s),
period(s), and/or payment date(s) or method(s) of calculation
thereof applicable to such Preferred Stock; |
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(4) Whether such Preferred Stock is
cumulative or not and, if cumulative, the date from which
dividends on such Preferred Stock shall accumulate; |
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(5) The provision for a sinking
fund, if any, for such Preferred Stock; |
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(6) The provision for redemption,
if applicable, of such Preferred Stock; |
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(7) Any listing of such Preferred
Stock on any securities exchange; |
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(8) The terms and conditions, if
applicable, upon which such Preferred Stock will be converted
into Common Stock of Essex, including the conversion price (or
manner of calculation thereof); |
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(9) A discussion of any material
Federal income tax considerations applicable to such Preferred
Stock; |
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(10) Any limitations on direct or
beneficial ownership and restrictions on transfer, in each case
as may be appropriate to preserve the status of Essex as a REIT; |
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(11) The relative ranking and
preferences of such Preferred Stock as to dividend rights and
rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the
affairs of Essex; |
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(12) Any limitations on issuance of
any class or series of Preferred Stock ranking senior to or on a
parity with such class or series of Preferred Stock as to
dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or
winding up of the affairs of Essex; |
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(13) Any other specific terms,
preferences, rights, limitations or restrictions of such
Preferred Stock; and |
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(14) Any voting rights of such
Preferred Stock. |
Rank
Unless otherwise specified in the Prospectus Supplement, the
Preferred Stock will, with respect to dividend rights and rights
upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Essex, rank
(i) senior to all classes or series of Common Stock and
excess stock of Essex, and to all equity securities ranking
junior to such Preferred Stock with respect to dividend rights
and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Essex;
(ii) on a parity with all equity securities issued by Essex
the terms of which specifically provide that such equity
securities rank on a parity with the Preferred Stock with
respect to dividends rights or rights upon liquidation,
dissolution or winding up of Essex; and (iii) junior to all
equity securities issued by Essex the terms of which
specifically provide that such equity securities rank senior to
the Preferred Stock with respect to dividend rights or rights
upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Essex.
Conversion Rights
The terms and conditions, if any, upon which any shares of any
class or series of Preferred Stock are convertible into Common
Stock will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement
relating thereto. Such terms will include the number of shares
of Common Stock into which the shares of Preferred Stock are
convertible, the conversion price (or manner of calculation
thereof), the conversion period, provisions as to whether
conversion will be at the option of the holders of such class or
series of Preferred Stock or Essex, the events requiring an
adjustment of the conversion price and provisions affecting
conversion in the event of the redemption of such class or
series of Preferred Stock.
Restrictions on Transfer
For Essex to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code,
not more than 50% in value of its outstanding stock may be
owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as
defined in the Internal Revenue Code) during the last half of a
taxable year, the stock must be beneficially owned by 100 or more
22
persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12
months or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year.
To enable Essex to continue to qualify as a REIT, the Charter
restricts the acquisition of shares of common stock and
preferred stock. The Charter provides that, subject to certain
exceptions specified in the Charter, no stockholder may own, or
be deemed to own by virtue of the attribution provisions of the
Internal Revenue Code, more than 9.9% of the value of the
outstanding common stock and preferred stock of Essex. See
Description of Capital Stock Restrictions on
Transfer. The applicable Prospectus Supplement will also
specify any additional ownership limitation relating to a series
of preferred stock.
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
The following sets forth the material terms and provisions of
the Indenture under which the Debt Securities of the Operating
Partnership are to be issued. The specific terms of the Debt
Securities will be set forth in a Prospectus Supplement relating
to such Debt Securities. Unless otherwise specified in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement, the Debt Securities are to be
issued under an Indenture, as amended or supplemented from time
to time (the Indenture), among the Operating
Partnership, Essex and a trustee chosen by the Operating
Partnership and Essex and qualified to act as trustee under the
Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the TIA)
(together with any other trustee(s) appointed in a supplemental
indenture with respect to a particular series, the
Trustee). The Indenture has been filed as an exhibit
to the Registration Statement of which this prospectus is a part
and will be available for inspection at the corporate trust
office of the Trustee. The Indenture is subject to, and governed
by, the TIA. The statements made hereunder relating to the
Indenture and the Debt Securities to be issued hereunder are
summaries of all material general provisions thereof and do not
purport to be complete and are subject to, and are qualified in
their entirety by reference to, all provisions of the Indenture
and such Debt Securities. The material terms of a specific
series or class of Debt Securities will be set forth in the
related Prospectus Supplement. All section references appearing
herein are to sections of the Indenture, and capitalized terms
used but not defined herein shall have the respective meanings
set forth in the Indenture.
General
The Debt Securities will be direct, unsecured obligations of the
Operating Partnership and will be non-convertible investment
grade securities. Except for any series of Debt Securities which
is specifically subordinated to other indebtedness of the
Operating Partnership, the Debt Securities will rank pari passu
with all other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness of the
Operating Partnership. Under the Indenture, the Debt Securities
may be issued without limit as to aggregate principal amount, in
one or more series, in each case as established from time to
time in or pursuant to authority granted by a resolution of the
Board of Directors of Essex as sole general partner of the
Operating Partnership or as established in one or more
indentures supplemental to the Indenture. All Debt Securities of
any one series need not be issued at the same time and, unless
otherwise provided, a series may be reopened, without the
consent of the holders of the Debt Securities of such series,
for issuances of additional Debt Securities of such series
(Section 301).
The Debt Securities may be unconditionally guaranteed by Essex
as to payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest.
(Section 1601).
The Indenture provides that there may be more than one Trustee
thereunder, each with respect to one or more series of Debt
Securities. Any Trustee under the Indenture may resign at any
time by giving written notice or may be removed with respect to
the Debt Securities of any series at any time by the Act of the
holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of
Outstanding Securities of such series, and a successor Trustee
will be appointed to act with respect to such series
(Section 608). In the event that two or more persons are
acting as Trustee with respect to different series of Debt
Securities, each such Trustee shall be a trustee of a trust
under the Indenture separate and apart from any trust
administered by any other Trustee (Section 609), and,
except as otherwise indicated herein, any action described
herein to be taken by the Trustee may be taken by each such
Trustee with respect to, and only with respect to, the one or
more series of Debt Securities for which it is Trustee under the
Indenture.
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Terms
Reference is made to the Prospectus Supplement relating to the
series of Debt Securities being offered for the specific terms
thereof, including, but not limited to:
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(1) the title of such Debt
Securities, whether such Debt Securities are senior securities
or subordinated securities and whether such Debt Securities are
guaranteed by a guarantee; |
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(2) the aggregate principal amount
of such Debt Securities and any limit on such aggregate
principal amount; |
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(3) the percentage of the principal
amount at which such Debt Securities will be issued and, if
other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the
principal amount thereof payable upon declaration of
acceleration of the maturity thereof; |
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(4) the date or dates, or the
method for determining such date or dates, on which the
principal of such Debt Securities will be payable; |
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(5) the rate or rates (which may be
fixed or variable), or the method by which such rate or rates
shall be determined, at which such Debt Securities will bear
interest, if any; |
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(6) the date or dates, or the
method for determining such date or dates, from which any such
interest will accrue, the interest payment dates on which any
such interest will be payable, the regular record dates for such
interest payment dates, or the method by which such date shall
be determined, the person to whom such interest shall be
payable, and the basis upon which interest shall be calculated
if other than that of a
360-day year of twelve
30-day months; |
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(7) the place or places where
(i) the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if
any, on such Debt Securities will be payable, (ii) such
Debt Securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer
or exchange and (iii) notices or demands to or upon the
Operating Partnership in respect of such Debt Securities, any
applicable Guarantees and the Indenture may be served; |
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(8) the period or periods within
which, or the date or dates on which, the price or prices at
which and the other terms and conditions upon which such Debt
Securities may be redeemed, as a whole or in part, at the option
of the Operating Partnership, if the Operating Partnership is to
have such an option; |
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(9) the obligation, if any, of the
Operating Partnership to redeem, repay or repurchase such Debt
Securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions
or at the option of a holder thereof, and the period or periods
within which, or the date or dates on which, the price or prices
at which and the terms and conditions upon which such Debt
Securities are required to be redeemed, repaid or purchased, as
a whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation; |
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(10) if other than
U.S. dollars, the currency or currencies in which such Debt
Securities are denominated and/or payable, which may be a
foreign currency or units of two or more foreign currencies or a
composite currency or currencies, and the terms and conditions
relating thereto; |
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(11) whether the amount of payments
of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest, if any, on
such Debt Securities may be determined with reference to an
index, formula or other method (which index, formula or method
may, but need not be, based on a currency, currencies, currency
unit or units or composite currency or currencies) and the
manner in which such amounts shall be determined; |
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(12) any additions to,
modifications of or deletions from the terms of such Debt
Securities with respect to the Events of Default or covenants or
other provisions set forth in the Indenture; |
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(13) whether such Debt Securities
will be issued in certificated and/or book-entry form; |
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(14) whether such Debt Securities
will be in registered or bearer form and, if in registered form,
the denominations thereof if other than $1,000 and any integral
multiple thereof and, if in bearer form, the denominations
thereof and terms and conditions relating thereto; |
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(15) the applicability, if any, of
the defeasance and covenant defeasance provisions of
Article XIV of the Indenture, or any modification thereof; |
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(16) the terms and conditions, if
any, upon which such Debt Securities may be subordinated to
other indebtedness of the Operating Partnership; |
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(17) whether such Debt Securities
will be guaranteed by Essex; |
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(18) whether and under what
circumstances the Operating Partnership will pay additional
amounts as contemplated in the Indenture on such Debt Securities
in respect of any tax, assessment or governmental charge and, if
so, whether the Operating Partnership will have the option to
redeem such Debt Securities in lieu of making such
payment; and |
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(19) any other terms of such Debt
Securities not inconsistent with the provisions of the Indenture
(Section 301). The Debt Securities may provide for less
than the entire principal amount thereof to be payable upon
declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof
(Original Issue Discount Securities). Special
U.S. federal income tax, accounting and other
considerations applicable to the Original Issue Discount
Securities will be described in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement. |
The Indenture does not contain any provisions that would limit
the ability of the Operating Partnership to incur indebtedness
or that would afford holders of Debt Securities protection in
the event of a highly leveraged or similar transaction involving
the Operating Partnership. However, such provisions may be
provided with respect to a particular series of Debt Securities,
and certain restrictions on ownership and transfers of
Essexs Common Stock and preferred stock, designed to
preserve Essexs status as a REIT, may prevent or hinder a
change of control. Reference is made to the applicable
Prospectus Supplement for information with respect to any
deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of
Default or covenants of the Operating Partnership that are
described below, including any addition of a covenant or other
provision providing event risk or similar protection.
Guarantees
If specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the Debt
Securities may be unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed by
Guarantees of Essex, on a senior or subordinated basis, which
will guarantee the due and punctual payment of principal of,
premium, if any, and interest on such Debt Securities, and the
due and punctual payment of any sinking fund payments thereon,
when and as the same shall become due and payable whether at a
maturity date, by declaration of acceleration, call for
redemption or otherwise. The applicability and terms of any such
Guarantee relating to a series of Debt Securities will be set
forth in the Prospectus Supplement relating to such Debt
Securities. (Section 1601).
Denominations, Interest, Registration and Transfer
Unless otherwise described in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement, the Debt Securities of any series will be issuable
in denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples thereof
(Section 302).
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement, the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest
on any series of Debt Securities will be payable at the
corporate trust office of the Trustee, provided that, at the
option of the holder, payment of interest may be made by check
mailed to the address of the person entitled thereto as it
appears in the security register or by wire transfer of funds to
such person at an account maintained within the United States
(Sections 301, 305, 307 and 1002).
All amounts paid by the Operating Partnership to a paying agent
or a Trustee for the payment of the principal of or any premium
or interest on any Debt Security which remain unclaimed at the
end of two years after the principal, premium or interest has
become due and payable will be repaid to the Operating
Partnership, and the holder of the Debt Security thereafter may
look only to the Operating Partnership for payment thereof.
(Section 1003).
Any interest not punctually paid or duly provided for on any
interest payment date with respect to a Debt Security
(Defaulted Interest) will forthwith cease to be
payable to the holder on the applicable regular
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record date and may either be paid to the person in whose name
such Debt Security is registered at the close of business on a
special record date (the Special Record Date) for
the payment of such Defaulted Interest to be fixed by the
Trustee, notice whereof shall be given to the holder of such
Debt Security not less than 10 days prior to such Special
Record Date, or may be paid at any time in any other lawful
manner, all as more completely described in the Indenture
(Sections 101 and 307).
Subject to certain limitations imposed upon Debt Securities
issued in book-entry form, the Debt Securities of any series
will be exchangeable for other Debt Securities of the same
series, of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor, of any
authorized denominations upon surrender of such Debt Securities
at the corporate trust office of the Trustee. In addition,
subject to certain limitations imposed upon Debt Securities
issued in book-entry form, the Debt Securities of any series may
be surrendered for conversion or registration of transfer
thereof at the corporate trust office of the Trustee referred to
above. Every Debt Security surrendered for conversion,
redemption, registration of transfer or exchange shall be duly
endorsed or accompanied by a written instrument of transfer. No
service charge will be made for any registration of transfer or
exchange of any Debt Securities, but the Operating Partnership
may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or
other governmental charge payable in connection therewith
(Section 305). If the applicable Prospectus Supplement
refers to any transfer agent (in addition to the Trustee)
initially designated by the Operating Partnership with respect
to any series of Debt Securities, the Operating Partnership may
at any time rescind the designation of any such transfer agent
or approve a change in the location through which any such
transfer agent acts, except that the Operating Partnership will
be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of
payment for such series. The Operating Partnership may at any
time designate additional transfer agents with respect to any
series of Debt Securities (Section 1002).
Neither the Operating Partnership nor the Trustee shall be
required to (i) issue, register the transfer of or exchange
Debt Securities of any series during a period beginning at the
opening of business 15 days before any selection of Debt
Securities of that series to be redeemed and ending at the close
of business of the day of mailing of the relevant notice of
redemption; (ii) register the transfer of or exchange any
Debt Security, or portion thereof, called for redemption, except
the unredeemed portion of any Debt Security being redeemed in
part; or (iii) issue, register the transfer of or exchange
any Debt Security which has been surrendered for repayment at
the option of the holder, except that portion, if any, of such
Debt Security which is not to be so repaid (Section 305).
Merger, Consolidation or Sale
The Operating Partnership may consolidate with, or sell, lease
or convey all or substantially all of its assets to, or merge
with or into, any other person, provided that (a) either
the Operating Partnership shall be the continuing person, or the
successor (if other than the Operating Partnership) formed by or
resulting from any such consolidation or merger or which shall
have received the transfer of such assets shall expressly assume
payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest
on all of the Debt Securities and the due and punctual
performance and observance of all of the covenants and
conditions contained in the Indenture; (b) immediately
after giving effect to such transaction and treating any
indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Operating
Partnership or any subsidiary as a result thereof as having been
incurred by the Operating Partnership or such subsidiary at the
time of such transaction, no Event of Default under the
Indenture, and no event which, after notice or the lapse of
time, or both, would become such an Event of Default, shall have
occurred and be continuing; and (c) an officers
certificate of Essex as General Partner of the Operating
Partnership and an opinion of counsel covering such conditions
shall be delivered to the Trustee (Sections 801 and 803).
Certain Covenants
Existence. Except as permitted under Merger,
Consolidation or Sale, the Indenture requires each of the
Operating Partnership and Essex (if Essex has guaranteed any
Debt Securities) to do or cause to be done all things necessary
to preserve and keep in full force and effect its existence,
rights (partnership and statutory) and franchises; provided,
however, that each of the Operating Partnership and Essex shall
not be required to preserve any right or franchise if the Board
of Directors of Essex determines that the preservation
26
thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of
the Operating Partnership and that the loss thereof is not
disadvantageous in any material respect to the holders of the
Debt Securities (Section 1004).
Maintenance of Properties. The Indenture requires each of
the Operating Partnership and Essex (if Essex has guaranteed any
Debt Securities) to cause all of its material properties used or
useful in the conduct of its business or the business of any
subsidiary to be maintained and kept in good condition, repair
and working order, all as in the judgment of the Operating
Partnership may be necessary so that the business carried on in
connection therewith may be properly and advantageously
conducted at all times; provided, however, that the Operating
Partnership or Essex, as the case may be, and its subsidiaries
shall not be prevented from selling or otherwise disposing of
their properties for value in the ordinary course of business.
(Section 1006).
Insurance. The Indenture requires the Operating
Partnership and each of its Subsidiaries to keep its insurable
properties insured against loss or damage with commercially
reasonable amounts and types of insurance provided by insurers
of recognized responsibility. (Section 1007).
Payment of Taxes and Other Claims. The Indenture requires
each of the Operating Partnership and Essex (if Essex has
guaranteed any Debt Securities) to pay or discharge or cause to
be paid or discharged, before the same shall become delinquent,
(i) all taxes, assessments and governmental charges levied
or imposed upon it or any subsidiary or upon its income, profits
or property or that of any Subsidiary and (ii) all lawful
claims for labor, materials and supplies which, if unpaid, might
by law become a lien upon the property of the Operating
Partnership or any subsidiary; provided, however, that the
Operating Partnership or Essex shall not be required to pay or
discharge or cause to be paid or discharged any tax, assessment,
charge or claim whose amount or applicability is being contested
in good faith. (Section 1008).
Provision of Financial Information. The Operating
Partnership will file with the Trustee copies of annual reports,
quarterly reports and other documents (the Financial
Reports) which the Operating Partnership files with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission)
or would be required to file with the Commission pursuant to
Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act if the Operating
Partnership were subject to such sections; provided, however,
that if the Operating Partnership is not subject to such
sections, it may, in lieu of filing Financial Reports of the
Operating Partnership with the Trustee, file Financial Reports
of Essex if they would be materially the same as those that
would have been filed by the Operating Partnership with the
Commission pursuant to Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange
Act.
Additional Covenants. Reference is made to the applicable
Prospectus Supplement for information with respect to any
additional covenants specific to a particular series of Debt
Securities.
Events of Default, Notice and Waiver
Unless otherwise provided in the Prospectus Supplement, the
Indenture provides that the following events are Events of
Default with respect to any series of Debt Securities
issued thereunder: (a) default for 30 days in the
payment of any interest on any Debt Security of such series;
(b) default in the payment of any principal of (or premium,
if any, on) any Debt Security of such series when due;
(c) default in making any sinking fund payment as required
for any Debt Security of such series; (d) default in the
performance of any other covenant or warranty of the Operating
Partnership or Essex contained in the Indenture with respect to
any Debt Security of such series, continued for 60 days
after written notice as provided in the Indenture;
(e) default in the payment of an aggregate principal amount
exceeding $10,000,000 of any evidence of indebtedness of the
Operating Partnership or Essex (if Essex or any subsidiary of
Essex has guaranteed any indebtedness of the Operating
Partnership) or any mortgage, indenture, note, bond, capitalized
lease or other instrument under which such indebtedness is
issued or by which such indebtedness is secured, such default
having continued after the expiration of any applicable grace
period and having resulted in the acceleration of the maturity
of such indebtedness, but only if such indebtedness is not
discharged or such acceleration is not rescinded or annulled;
(f) certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or
reorganization, or court appointment of a receiver, liquidator
or trustee of the Operating Partnership and Essex (if Essex has
guaranteed any Debt Securities), or any Significant Subsidiary
or all or substantially all of any of their respective property;
and (g) any other Event of Default provided with respect to
a particular series of Debt Securities (Section 501).
27
The term Significant Subsidiary means each
significant Subsidiary (as defined in
Regulation S-X
promulgated under the Securities Act) of the Operating
Partnership or Essex, as the case may be. (Section 101).
If an Event of Default under the Indenture with respect to Debt
Securities of any series at the time Outstanding occurs and is
continuing, then in every such case the Trustee or the holders
of not less than a majority in principal amount of the
outstanding Debt Securities of that series may declare the
principal amount (or, if the Debt Securities of that series are
Original Issue Discount Securities or indexed securities, such
portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms
thereof) of all of the Debt Securities of that series to be due
and payable immediately by written notice thereof to the
Operating Partnership (if Essex has guaranteed any Debt
Securities under such Indenture) and the Operating Partnership
(and to the Trustee if given by the holders). However, any time
after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to Debt
Securities of such series has been made, but before a judgment
or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the
Trustee, the holders of not less then a majority in principal
amount of outstanding Debt Securities of such series may rescind
and annul such declaration and its consequences if (a) the
Operating Partnership shall have paid or deposited with the
Trustee all required payments of the principal of (and premium,
if any) and interest on the Debt Securities of such series plus
certain fees, expenses, disbursements and advances of the
Trustee, its agents and counsel and (b) all Events of
Default, other than the nonpayment of accelerated principal or
interest with respect to Debt Securities of such series have
been cured or waived as provided in the Indenture
(Section 502). The Indenture also provides that the Holders
of not less than a majority in principal amount of the
outstanding Debt Securities of any series may waive any past
default with respect to such series and its consequences, except
a default (x) in the payment of the principal of (or
premium, if any) or interest on any Debt Security of such series
or (y) in respect of a covenant or provision contained in
the Indenture that cannot be modified or amended without the
consent of the holder of each outstanding Debt Security affected
thereby (Section 513).
The Trustee is required to give notice to the Holders of Debt
Securities within 90 days of a default under the Indenture;
provided, however, that the Trustee may withhold notice to the
Holders of any series of Debt Securities of any default with
respect to such series (except a default in the payment of the
principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Debt
Security of such series or in the payment of any sinking fund
installment in respect of any Debt Security of such series) if
the responsible officers of the Trustee in good faith determines
such withholding to be in the interest of such Holders
(Section 601).
The Indenture provides that no Holders of Debt Securities of any
series may institute any proceedings, judicial or otherwise,
with respect to the Indenture or for any remedy thereunder,
except in the case of failure of the Trustee, for 60 days,
to act after it has received a written request to institute
proceedings in respect of an Event of Default from the holders
of not less than a majority in principal amount of the
outstanding Debt Securities of that series, as well as an offer
of reasonable indemnity (Section 507). This provision,
however, will not prevent any holder of Debt Securities from
instituting suit for the enforcement of payment of the principal
of (and premium, if any) and interest on such Debt Securities at
the respective due date thereof (Section 508).
Subject to provisions in the Indenture relating to its duties in
case of default, the Trustee is under no obligation to exercise
any of its rights or powers under the Indenture at the request
or direction of any Holders of Debt Securities of any series
then Outstanding under the Indenture, unless such Holders shall
have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity
(Section 602). The Holders of not less than a majority in
principal amount of the outstanding Debt Securities of any
series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place
of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the
Trustee, or of exercising any trust or power conferred upon the
Trustee. However, the Trustee may refuse to follow any direction
which is in conflict with any law or the Indenture, which may
expose the Trustee to personal liability or which may be unduly
prejudicial to the holders of Debt Securities of such series not
joining therein (Section 512).
Within 120 days after the close of each fiscal year, the
Operating Partnership and Essex (if Essex has guaranteed any
Debt Securities) must deliver to the Trustee a certificate,
signed by one of several specified
28
officers of Essex, stating whether or not such officer has
knowledge of any default under the Indenture and, if so,
specifying each such default and the nature and status thereof
(Section 1005).
Modification of the Indenture
Modifications and amendments of provisions of the Indenture
applicable to any series may be made only with consent of the
holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of all
outstanding Debt Securities, which are affected by such
modification or amendment; provided, however, that no such
modification or amendment may, without the consent of the holder
of each such Debt Security affected thereby: (a) change the
stated maturity of the principal of, or any installment of
principal of or interest (or premium, if any) on, any such Debt
Security; (b) reduce the principal amount of, or the rate
or amount of interest on, or any premium payable on redemption
of, any such Debt Security, or reduce the amount of principal of
an Original Issue Discount Security that would be due and
payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof
or would be provable in bankruptcy, or adversely affect any
right of repayment of the holder of any such Debt Security;
(c) change the place of payment, or the coin or currency,
for payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on any
such Debt Security; (d) impair the right to institute suit
for the enforcement of any payment on or with respect to any
such Debt Security on or after the stated maturity thereof;
(e) reduce the stated percentage in principal amount of
outstanding Debt Securities of any series necessary to modify or
amend the Indenture, to waive compliance with certain provisions
thereof or certain defaults and consequences thereunder or to
reduce the quorum or voting requirements set forth in the
Indenture; or (f) modify any of the foregoing provisions or
any of the provisions relating to the waiver of certain past
defaults or certain covenants, except to increase the required
percentage to effect such action or to provide that certain
other provisions may not be modified or waived without the
consent of the holder of such Debt Security affected thereby
(Section 902).
The holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of
outstanding Debt Securities of a particular series have the
right to waive compliance by the Operating Partnership or Essex
with certain covenants in the Indenture relating to such series
(Section 1010).
The Operating Partnership and Essex (if Essex has guaranteed any
Debt Securities) and the Trustee without the consent of any
holder of Debt Securities may make modifications of and
amendments to the Indenture for any of the following purposes:
(i) to evidence the succession of another person to the
Operating Partnership as obligor under the Indenture or
succession of another person as guarantor; (ii) to add to
the covenants of the Operating Partnership and Essex (if Essex
has guaranteed any Debt Securities) for the benefit of the
holders of all or any series of Debt Securities or to surrender
any right or power conferred upon the Operating Partnership or
Essex in the Indenture; (iii) to add Events of Default for
the benefit of the holders of all or any series of Debt
Securities; (iv) to add or change any provisions of the
Indenture to facilitate the issuance of Debt Securities in
bearer form, or to permit or facilitate the issuance of Debt
Securities in uncertificated form, provided that such action
shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of the
Debt Securities of any series in any material respect;
(v) to change or eliminate any provisions of the Indenture,
provided that any such change or elimination shall become
effective only when there are not Debt Securities outstanding of
any series created prior thereto which are entitled to the
benefit of such provision; (vi) to secure the Debt
Securities or guarantees; (vii) to establish the form or
terms of Debt Securities of any series and any related
Guarantees; (viii) to provide for the acceptance of
appointment by a successor Trustee or facilitate the
administration of the trust under the Indenture by more than one
Trustee; (ix) to cure any ambiguity, defect or
inconsistency in the Indenture, provided that such action shall
not adversely affect the interests of holders of Debt Securities
of any series in any material respect; and (x) to
supplement any of the provisions of the Indenture to the extent
necessary to permit or facilitate defeasance and discharge of
any series of such Debt Securities, provided that such action
shall not adversely affect the interests of the holders of the
Debt Securities of any series in any material respect
(Section 901).
The Indenture provides that in determining whether the holders
of the requisite principal amount of outstanding Debt Securities
of a series have given any request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent or waiver thereunder or whether a
quorum is present at a meeting of holders of Debt Securities,
(i) the principal amount of an Original Issue Discount
Security that shall be deemed to be outstanding shall
29
be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and
payable as of the date of such determination upon declaration of
acceleration of the maturity thereof, (ii) the principal
amount of a Debt Security denominated in a foreign currency that
shall be deemed outstanding shall be the U.S. dollar
equivalent, determined on the issue date for such Debt Security,
of the principal amount (or, in the case of an Original Issue
Discount Security, the U.S. dollar equivalent on the issue
date of such Debt Security of the amount determined as provided
in (i) above), (iii) the principal amount of an
indexed security that shall be deemed outstanding shall be the
principal face amount of such indexed security at original
issuance, unless otherwise provided with respect to such indexed
security pursuant to Section 301 of the Indenture, and
(iv) Debt Securities owned by the Operating Partnership or
any other obligor upon the Debt Securities or any affiliate of
the Operating Partnership or of such other obligor shall be
disregarded (Section 101).
The Indenture contains provisions for convening meetings of the
holders of Debt Securities of a series (Section 1501). The
Trustee may call a meeting at any time. Also, upon request, the
Operating Partnership or the holders of at least 25% in
principal amount of the outstanding Debt Securities of such
series, may call a meeting in any such case upon notice given as
provided in the Indenture (Section 1502). Except for any
consent that must be given by the holder of each Debt Security
affected by certain modifications and amendments of the
Indenture, any resolution presented at a meeting or adjourned
meeting duly reconvened at which a quorum is present may be
adopted by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in
principal amount of the outstanding Debt Securities of that
series; provided, however, that, except as referred to above
with respect to the modifications of or amendments to the
Indenture, any resolution with respect to any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other
action that may be made, given or taken by the holders of a
specified percentage, which is less than a majority, in
principal amount of the outstanding Debt Securities of a series
may be adopted at a meeting or adjourned meeting duly reconvened
at which a quorum is present by the affirmative vote of the
holders of such specified percentage in principal amount of the
outstanding Debt Securities of that series. Any resolution
passed or decision taken at any meeting of holders of Debt
Securities of any series duly held in accordance with the
Indenture will be binding on all holders of Debt Securities of
that series. The quorum at any meeting called to adopt a
resolution, and at any reconvened meeting, will be persons
holding or representing a majority in principal amount of the
outstanding Debt Securities of a series; provided, however, that
if any action is to be taken at such meeting with respect to a
consent or waiver which may be given by the holders of not less
than a specified percentage in principal amount of the
outstanding Debt Securities of a series, the persons holding or
representing such specified percentage in principal amount of
the outstanding Debt Securities of such series will constitute a
quorum (Section 1504).
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, if any action is to be
taken at a meeting of holders of Debt Securities of any series
with respect to any request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent, waiver or other action that the Indenture
expressly provides may be made, given or taken by the Holders of
a specified percentage in principal amount of all outstanding
Debt Securities affected thereby, or of the holders of such
series and one or more additional series: (i) there shall
be no minimum quorum requirement for such meeting and
(ii) the principal amount of the outstanding Debt
Securities of such series that vote in favor of such request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
other action shall be taken into account in determining whether
such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
waiver or other action has been made, given or taken under the
Indenture (Section 1504).
Discharge, Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance
Unless otherwise provided in the Prospectus Supplement, the
Operating Partnership or Essex (if Essex has guaranteed any Debt
Securities under such Indenture) may discharge certain
obligations to holders of any series of Debt Securities that
have not been delivered already to the Trustee for cancellation
and that either have become due and payable or will become due
and payable within one year (or are scheduled for redemption
within one year). Essex and the Operating Partnership can
accomplish this by irrevocably depositing with the Trustee, in
trust, funds in such currency or currencies, currency unit or
units or composite currency or currencies in which such Debt
Securities are payable in an amount sufficient to pay the entire
indebtedness on such Debt Securities in respect of principal
(and premium, if any) and interest to the date of
30
such deposit (if such Debt Securities have become due and
payable) or to the stated maturity or redemption date, as the
case may be, and the Operating Partnership has met the other
conditions specified in the Indenture (Section 401).
The Indenture provides that, unless otherwise provided in the
Prospectus Supplement, if the provisions of Article 14 are
made applicable to the Debt Securities of any series pursuant to
Section 301 of the Indenture, the Operating Partnership may
elect either: (a) to defease and be discharged from any and
all obligations with respect to such Debt Securities (except for
the obligation to pay principal of (and premiums, if any) and
interest, if any, on such Debt Securities; to pay additional
amounts, if any, upon the occurrence of certain events of tax,
assessment or governmental charge with respect to such Debt
Securities; and the obligations to register the transfer or
exchange of such Debt Securities, to replace temporary or
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Debt Securities, to
maintain an office or agency in respect of such Debt Securities,
to compensate the Trustee and to hold moneys for payment in
trust) (defeasance) (Section 1402) or
(b) to be released from its obligations with respect to
such Debt Securities under Sections 1006 through 1008,
inclusive, of the Indenture (being the restrictions described
under Certain Covenants) or, if provided pursuant to
Section 301 of the Indenture, its obligations with respect
to any other covenant, and any omission to comply with such
obligations shall not constitute a default or an Event of
Default with respect to such Debt Securities (covenant
defeasance) (Section 1403), in either case upon the
irrevocable deposit by the Operating Partnership or Essex, as
the case may be, with the Trustee, in trust, of any amount, in
such currency or currencies, currency unit or units or composite
currency or currencies in which such Debt Securities are payable
at stated maturity, or Government Obligations (as defined
below), or both applicable to such Debt Securities which through
the scheduled payment of principal and interest in accordance
with their terms will provide money in an amount sufficient to
pay the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such
Debt Securities, and any mandatory sinking fund or analogous
payments thereon, on the scheduled due dates therefor.
Such a trust may be established only if, among other things, the
Operating Partnership has delivered to the Trustee an opinion of
counsel (as specified in the Indenture) to the effect that the
holders of such Debt Securities will not recognize income, gain
or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of
such defeasance or covenant defeasance and will be subject to
U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same
manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such
defeasance or covenant defeasance had not occurred, and such
opinion of counsel, in the case of defeasance, must refer to and
be based upon a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service or a
change in applicable United States federal income tax law
occurring after the date of the Indenture (Section 1404).
Government Obligations means securities which are:
(i) direct obligations of the United States of America or
the government which issued the foreign currency in which the
Debt Securities of a particular series are payable, for the
payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged; or
(ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by
and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States
of America or such government that issued the foreign currency
in which the Debt Securities of such series are payable, the
payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith
and credit obligation by the United States of America or such
other government, which, in either case, are not callable or
redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof. Such obligations
also shall include a depository receipt issued by a bank or
trust company as custodian with respect to any such Government
Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of
any such Government Obligation held by such custodian for the
account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that
(except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to
make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such
depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in
respect of the Government Obligation or the specific payment of
interest on or principal of the Government Obligation evidenced
by such depository receipt (Section 101).
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement, if after the Operating Partnership or Essex, as the
case may be, has deposited funds and/or Government Obligations
to effect defeasance or covenant defeasance with respect to Debt
Securities of any series: (a) the holder of a Debt Security
of such series is entitled to, and does, elect pursuant to
Section 301 of the Indenture or the terms of such Debt
Security to receive payment in a currency, currency unit or
composite currency other than that in which such
31
deposit has been made in respect of such Debt Security; or
(b) a Conversion Event (as defined below) occurs in respect
of the currency, currency unit or composite currency in which
such deposit has been made, the indebtedness represented by such
Debt Security shall be deemed to have been, and will be, fully
discharged and satisfied through the payment of the principal of
(and premium, if any) and interest on such Debt Security as the
same becomes due out of the proceeds yielded by converting the
amount so deposited in respect of such Debt Security into the
currency, currency unit or composite currency in which such Debt
Security becomes payable as a result of such election or such
cessation of usage based on the applicable market exchange rate
(Section 1405). Conversion Event means the
cessation of use of: (i) a currency, currency unit or
composite currency either by the government of the country which
issued such currency for the settlement of transactions by a
central bank or other public institution of or within the
international banking community; (ii) the ECU either within
the European Monetary System or for the settlement of
transactions by public institutions of or within the European
Communities; or (iii) any currency unit or composite
currency other than the ECU for the purposes for which it was
established. (Section 101.) Unless otherwise provided in
the applicable Prospectus Supplement, all payments of principal
of (and premium, if any) and interest on any Debt Security that
is payable in a foreign currency that cease to be used by its
government of issuance shall be made in U.S. dollars.
In the event the Operating Partnership or Essex, as the case may
be, effects covenant defeasance with respect to any Debt
Securities and such Debt Securities are declared due and payable
because of the occurrence of any Event of Default other than the
Event of Default described in clause (d) under Events
of Default, Notice and Waiver with respect to
Section 1006 through 1008 of the Indenture (which Sections
would no longer be applicable to such Debt Securities) or
described in clause (g) under Events of Default,
Notice and Waiver with respect to any other covenant as to
which there has been covenant defeasance, the amount in such
currency, currency unit or composite currency in which such Debt
Securities are payable, and Government Obligations on deposit
with the Trustee, will be sufficient to pay amounts due on such
Debt Securities at the time of their stated maturity but may not
be sufficient to pay amounts due on such Debt Securities at the
time of the acceleration resulting from such Event of Default.
However, the Operating Partnership and Essex (if Essex has
guaranteed any Debt Securities) would remain liable to make
payment of such amounts due at the time of acceleration.
The applicable Prospectus Supplement may describe further the
provisions, if any, permitting such defeasance or covenant
defeasance, including any modifications to the provisions
described above, with respect to the Debt Securities of a
particular series.
Subordination
The terms and conditions, if any, upon which the Debt Securities
are subordinated to other indebtedness of the Operating
Partnership will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement relating thereto. Such terms will include a
description of the indebtedness ranking senior to the Debt
Securities, the restrictions on payments to the holders of such
Debt Securities while a default with respect to such senior
indebtedness in continuing, the restrictions, if any, on
payments to the holders of such Debt Securities following an
Event of Default, and provisions requiring holders of such Debt
Securities to remit certain payments to holders of senior
indebtedness.
CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF ESSEXS
CHARTER AND BYLAWS
Certain provisions of Essexs Charter and Bylaws might
discourage certain types of transactions that involve an actual
or threatened change of control of Essex. The ownership limit
may delay or impede a transaction or a change in control of
Essex that might involve a premium price for Essexs
capital stock or otherwise be in the best interest of the
stockholders. See Description of Capital
Stock-Restrictions on Transfer. Pursuant to Essexs
Charter and Bylaws, Essexs Board of Directors is divided
into three classes of directors, each class serving staggered
three-year terms. The staggered terms of directors may reduce
the possibility of a tender offer or an attempt to change
control of Essex. Also, Essexs Stockholder Rights Plan may
deter or prevent a change in control of Essex. See
Description of Capital Stock Stockholder Rights
32
Plan. The issuance of Preferred Stock by the Board of
Directors may also have the effect of delaying, deferring or
preventing a change in control of Essex. See Description
of Capital Stock Description of Series B,
Series C, Series D, and Series E Cumulative
Redeemable Preferred Stock General.
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME
TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following is a summary of the material U.S. federal
income tax considerations to us as a REIT which may be material
to purchasers of our securities. This summary is based on
current law, is for general information only and is not tax
advice. The tax treatment of a holder of our debt or equity
securities will vary depending upon the terms of the specific
securities acquired by such holder, as well as the holders
particular situation. This discussion does not attempt to
address any aspects of U.S. federal income taxation
relating to holders of our securities. U.S. federal income
tax considerations relevant to holders will be addressed in the
applicable prospectus supplement for a particular offering of
our debt or equity securities. You are urged to review the
applicable prospectus supplement in connection with the purchase
of any of our securities, and to consult your own tax advisor
regarding the specific tax consequences to you of investing in
our securities and of Essexs election to be taxed as a
REIT.
We urge you to consult your own tax advisor regarding the
specific tax consequences to you of the acquisition, ownership,
and disposition of our securities and of our election to be
taxed as a REIT. Specifically, you should consult your own tax
advisor regarding the U.S. federal, state, local, foreign,
and other tax consequences of such acquisition, ownership,
disposition, and election, and regarding potential changes in
applicable tax laws.
General
Essex elected to be taxed as a REIT commencing with our taxable
year ended December 31, 1994. We believe that we have
operated in a manner that permits us to satisfy the requirements
for taxation as a REIT under the applicable provisions of the
Internal Revenue Code. Qualification and taxation as a REIT
depends upon our ability to meet, through actual annual
operating results, distribution levels and diversity of stock
ownership, the various qualification tests imposed under the
Internal Revenue Code discussed below. Although we intend to
continue to operate to satisfy such requirements, no assurance
can be given that the actual results of our operations for any
particular taxable year will satisfy such requirements. See
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Considerations Failure to Qualify.
The provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, U.S. Treasury
regulations promulgated thereunder and other U.S. federal
income tax laws relating to qualification and operation as a
REIT are highly technical and complex. The following sets forth
the material aspects of the laws that govern the
U.S. federal income tax treatment of a REIT. This summary
is qualified in its entirety by the applicable Internal Revenue
Code provisions, rules and U.S. Treasury regulations
thereunder, and administrative and judicial interpretations
thereof. Further, the anticipated income tax treatment described
in this prospectus may be changed, perhaps retroactively, by
legislative, administrative or judicial action at any time.
Morrison & Foerster LLP has acted as our tax counsel in
connection with the filing of this prospectus. In the opinion of
Morrison & Foerster LLP, Essex has been organized and
have operated in conformity with the requirements for
qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue
Code for each of our taxable years beginning with the taxable
year ended December 31, 1994 through our taxable year ended
December 31, 2002, and if we continue to be organized and
operated after December 31, 2002 in the same manner as we
have prior to that date, Essex will continue to qualify as a
REIT. The opinion of Morrison & Foerster LLP is based
on various assumptions and representations made by us as to
factual matters, including representations made by us in this
prospectus and a factual certificate provided by one of our
officers. Moreover, our qualification and taxation as a REIT
depends upon our ability to meet the various qualification tests
imposed under the Internal Revenue Code and discussed below,
relating to our actual annual operating results, asset
diversification, distribution levels, and diversity of stock
ownership, the results of which have not been and will not be
reviewed by Morrison & Foerster LLP. Accordingly,
neither Morrison & Foerster
33
LLP nor we can assure you that the actual results of our
operations for any particular taxable year will satisfy these
requirements. See Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Considerations Failure to Qualify.
In brief, if certain detailed conditions imposed by the REIT
provisions of the Internal Revenue Code are satisfied, entities,
such as us, that invest primarily in real estate and that
otherwise would be treated for U.S. federal income tax
purposes as corporations, generally are not taxed at the
corporate level on their REIT taxable income that is
distributed currently to stockholders. This treatment
substantially eliminates the double taxation
(i.e., taxation at both the corporate and stockholder
levels) that generally results from investing in corporations
under current law.
If Essex fails to qualify as a REIT in any year, however, Essex
will be subject to U.S. federal income tax as if we were a
domestic corporation, and Essexs stockholders will be
taxed in the same manner as stockholders of ordinary
corporations. In that event, Essex could be subject to
potentially significant tax liabilities, the amount of cash
available for distribution to our stockholders could be reduced
and we would not be obligated to make any distributions.
Taxation of Essex
In any year in which Essex qualifies as a REIT, in general,
Essex will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on
that portion of our net income that we distribute to
stockholders. However, we will be subject to U.S. federal
income tax as follows: First, Essex will be taxed at regular
corporate rates on any undistributed REIT taxable income,
including undistributed net capital gains. However, Essex can
elect to pass through any of its taxes paid on our
undistributed net capital gains income to its stockholders on a
pro rata basis. Second, under certain circumstances, Essex may
be subject to the alternative minimum tax on its
items of tax preference. Third, if Essex has (a) net income
from the sale or other disposition of foreclosure
property which is held primarily for sale to customers in
the ordinary course of business or (b) other nonqualifying
income from foreclosure property, Essex will be subject to tax
at the highest corporate rate on such income. Fourth, if Essex
has net income from prohibited transactions (which are, in
general, certain sales or other dispositions of property held
primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of
business, generally other than property held for at least four
years, foreclosure property, and property involuntarily
converted), such income will be subject to a 100% penalty tax.
Fifth, if Essex should fail to satisfy the 75% or the 95% tests,
as discussed below, and have nonetheless maintained its
qualification as a REIT because certain other requirements have
been satisfied, Essex will be subject to a 100% penalty tax on
the net income attributable to the greater of either
(x) the amount by which 75% of its gross income exceeds the
amount of our income qualifying under the 75% test for the
taxable year or (y) the amount by which 90% of its gross
income exceeds the amount of our income qualifying for the 95%
income test for the taxable year, multiplied by a fraction
intended to reflect Essexs profitability. Sixth, if Essex
should fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the
sum of (1) 85% of our ordinary income for such year,
(2) 95% of its net capital gain income for such year, and
(3) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods,
Essex will be subject to a 4% excise tax on the excess of such
required distribution over the amounts distributed. Seventh, if
Essex acquires any asset from a C corporation (i.e.,
generally a corporation subject to full corporate-level tax) in
a transaction in which the basis of the asset in our hands is
determined by reference to the basis of the asset (or any other
property) in the hands of the C corporation, and Essex
recognizes gain on the disposition of such asset during the
10-year period
beginning on the date on which it acquired such asset, then, to
the extent of any built-in, unrealized gain at the time of
acquisition, such gain generally will be subject to tax at the
highest regular corporate rate. Eighth, Essex may be subject to
a penalty tax if its dealings with our taxable REIT
subsidiaries, defined below, are not at arms length.
Finally, as discussed further below, any earnings Essex derives
through a taxable REIT subsidiary will effectively be subject to
a corporate-level tax.
Requirements for Qualification
The Internal Revenue Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust
or association (1) which is managed by one or more trustees
or directors; (2) the beneficial ownership of which is
evidenced by transferable shares, or by transferable
certificates of beneficial interest; (3) which would be
taxable as a domestic
34
corporation, but for Sections 856 through 860 of the
Internal Revenue Code; (4) which is neither a financial
institution nor an insurance company subject to certain
provisions of the Internal Revenue Code; (5) the beneficial
ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons; (6) not
more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock of which is
owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals, as
defined in the Internal Revenue Code, at any time during the
last half of each taxable year; and (7) which meets certain
other tests, described below, regarding the nature of its income
and assets. The Internal Revenue Code provides that conditions
(1) to (4), inclusive, must be met during the entire
taxable year and that condition (5) must be met during at
least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or
during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than
12 months. If we were to fail to satisfy condition
(6) during a taxable year, that failure would not result in
our disqualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code
for such taxable year as long as (i) we satisfied the
stockholder demand statement requirements described in the
succeeding paragraph and (ii) we did not know, or
exercising reasonable diligence would not have known, whether we
had failed condition (6).
We believe we have issued sufficient Essex stock with sufficient
diversity of ownership to satisfy conditions (5) and
(6) above. In order to ensure compliance with the ownership
tests described above, we also have certain restrictions on the
transfer of Essexs stock to prevent further concentration
of stock ownership. Moreover, to evidence compliance with these
requirements, we must maintain records which disclose the actual
ownership of Essexs outstanding stock. In fulfilling our
obligations to maintain records, we must and will demand written
statements each year from the record holders of designated
percentages of our stock disclosing the actual owners of
Essexs stock. A list of those persons failing or refusing
to comply with such demand must be maintained as part of our
records. A stockholder failing or refusing to comply with our
written demand must submit with his U.S. federal income tax
returns a similar statement disclosing the actual ownership of
our stock and certain other information. In addition,
Essexs Charter restricts the transfer of our shares in
order to assist us to continue to satisfy the share ownership
requirements. See Description of Capital Stock
Restrictions on Transfer. Essex reports our income based
on the calendar year.
Although we intend to satisfy the shareholder demand letter
rules described in the preceding paragraph, our failure to
satisfy these requirements will not result in our
disqualification as a REIT but may result in the imposition of
Internal Revenue Service penalties against us.
Essex currently has several direct corporate subsidiaries and
may have additional corporate subsidiaries in the future.
Certain of the corporate subsidiaries will be treated as
qualified REIT subsidiaries under the Internal
Revenue Code. A corporation will qualify as a qualified REIT
subsidiary if Essex owns 100% of its outstanding stock and we
and the subsidiary do not jointly elect to treat it as a
taxable REIT subsidiary as described below. A
corporation that is a qualified REIT subsidiary is not treated
as a separate corporation, and all assets, liabilities and items
of income, deduction and credit of a qualified REIT subsidiary
are treated as assets, liabilities and items of income,
deduction and credit (as the case may be) of the parent REIT for
all purposes under the Internal Revenue Code (including all REIT
qualification tests). Thus, in applying the requirements
described in this prospectus the subsidiaries in which Essex
owns 100% interest (other than taxable REIT subsidiaries) will
be ignored, and all assets, liabilities and items of income,
deduction and credit of such subsidiaries will be treated as our
assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit. A
qualified REIT subsidiary is not subject to U.S. federal
income tax and our ownership of the stock of such a subsidiary
will not violate the REIT asset tests, described below under
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Considerations Asset Tests.
In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership,
Treasury Regulations provide that the REIT will be deemed to own
its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership and
will be deemed to be entitled to the income of the partnership
attributable to such share. In addition, the character of the
assets and gross income of the partnership shall retain the same
character in the hands of the REIT for purposes of
Section 856 of the Internal Revenue Code, including
satisfying the gross income tests and the asset tests, described
below. Thus, Essexs proportionate share of the assets,
liabilities and items of income of the Operating Partnership
will be treated as Essexs assets, liabilities and items of
income for purposes of applying the requirements described
below. See Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Considerations Investments in Partnerships.
35
Asset Tests
At the close of each quarter of our taxable year, Essex
generally must satisfy three tests relating to the nature of its
assets. First, at least 75% of the value of Essexs total
assets must be represented by interests in real property,
interests in mortgages on real property, shares in other REITs,
cash, cash items and government securities (as well as certain
temporary investments in stock or debt instruments purchased
with the proceeds of new capital raised by us). Second, although
the remaining 25% of Essexs assets generally may be
invested without restriction, securities in this class generally
may not exceed either (1) 5% of the value of its total
assets as to any one nongovernment issuer, (2) 10% of the
outstanding voting securities of any one issuer, or (3) 10%
of the value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer.
Third, not more than 20% of the total value of Essexs
assets can be represented by securities of one or more
taxable REIT subsidiaries (described below).
Securities for purposes of the above 5% and 10% asset tests, may
include debt securities, including debt issued by a partnership.
However, debt of an issuer will not count as a security for
purposes of the 10% value test if the security is straight
debt, as specially defined for this purpose, and certain
other requirements are satisfied.
Essex and a corporation in which it owns stock may make a joint
election for such subsidiary to be treated as a taxable
REIT subsidiary. The securities of a taxable REIT
subsidiary are not subject to the 5% asset test and the 10% vote
and value tests described above. Instead, as discussed above, a
separate asset test applies to taxable REIT subsidiaries. The
rules regarding taxable REIT subsidiaries contain provisions
generally intended to insure that transactions between a REIT
and its taxable REIT subsidiary occur at arms
length and on commercially reasonable terms. These
requirements include a provision that prevents a taxable REIT
subsidiary from deducting interest on direct or indirect
indebtedness to its parent REIT if, under a specified series of
tests, the taxable REIT subsidiary is considered to have an
excessive interest expense level or
debt-to-equity ratio. A
taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to a corporate level tax on
its net taxable income, as a result of which our earnings
derived through a taxable REIT subsidiary are effectively
subject to a corporate level tax notwithstanding our status as a
REIT. In addition, in some cases, a 100% penalty tax is imposed
on the REIT if its rental, service or other agreements with its
taxable REIT subsidiary are determined not to be on arms
length terms. The legislation concerning taxable REIT
subsidiaries is generally effective only for taxable years
beginning after December 31, 2000.
Essex has made elections to treat several of its corporate
subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries. We believe that the
value of the securities Essex holds of its taxable REIT
subsidiaries does not and will not represent more than 20% of
Essexs total assets, and that all transactions between us
and our taxable REIT subsidiaries are conducted on arms
length terms. In addition, Essex believes that the amount of our
assets that are not qualifying assets for purposes of the 75%
asset test will continue to represent less than 25% of its total
assets and will satisfy the 5% and both 10% asset tests.
Gross Income Tests
Essex must satisfy two separate percentage tests relating to the
sources of its gross income for each taxable year. For purposes
of these tests, where Essex invests in a partnership, Essex will
be treated as receiving its share of the income and loss of the
partnership, and the gross income of the partnership will retain
the same character in Essexs hands as it has in the hands
of the partnership. See Material U.S. Federal Income
Tax Considerations Investments in Partnerships.
The 75% Test
At least 75% of Essexs gross income for a taxable year
must be qualifying income. Qualifying income
generally includes (1) rents from real property (except as
modified below); (2) interest on obligations collateralized
by mortgages on, or interests in, real property; (3) gains
from the sale or other disposition of interests in real property
and real estate mortgages, other than gain from property held
primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our
trade or business (dealer property);
(4) dividends or other distributions on shares in other
REITs, as well as gain from the sale of such shares;
(5) abatements and refunds of real property taxes;
(6) income from the operation, and gain from the sale, of
property acquired at
36
or in lieu of a foreclosure of the mortgage collateralized by
such property (foreclosure property);
(7) commitment fees received for agreeing to make loans
collateralized by mortgages on real property or to purchase or
lease real property; and (8) income from temporary
investments in stock or debt instruments purchased with the
proceeds of new capital raised by us.
Rents received from a tenant will not, however, qualify as rents
from real property in satisfying the 75% test (or the 95% test
described below) if Essex, or an owner of 10% or more of our
equity securities, directly or constructively owns 10% or more
of such tenant (a related party tenant), unless the
related party tenant is a taxable REIT subsidiary and certain
other requirements are satisfied. In addition, if rent
attributable to personal property, leased in connection with a
lease of real property, is greater than 15% of the total rent
received under the lease, then the portion of rent attributable
to such personal property will not qualify as rents from real
property. Moreover, an amount received or accrued generally will
not qualify as rents from real property (or as interest income)
for purposes of the 75% test and 95% test (described below) if
it is based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any
person. Rent or interest will not be disqualified, however,
solely by reason of being based on a fixed percentage or
percentages of receipts or sales. Finally, for rents received to
qualify as rents from real property, Essex generally must not
operate or manage the property or furnish or render services to
tenants, other than through an independent
contractor from whom we derive no revenue or through a
taxable REIT subsidiary. The independent contractor
or taxable REIT subsidiary requirement, however, does not apply
to the extent that the services provided by Essex are
usually or customarily rendered in connection with
the rental of space for occupancy only, and are not otherwise
considered rendered to the occupant. For both the
related party tenant rules and determining whether an entity
qualifies as an independent contractor of a REIT, certain
attribution rules of the Internal Revenue Code apply, pursuant
to which ownership interests in certain entities held by one
entity are deemed held by certain other related entities.
In general, if a REIT provides impermissible services to its
tenants, all of the rent from that property will be disqualified
from satisfying the 75% test and 95% test (described below).
However, rents will not be disqualified if a REIT provides de
minimis impermissible services. For this purpose, services
provided to tenants of a property are considered de minimis
where income derived from the services rendered equals 1% or
less of all income derived from the property (as determined on a
property-by-property basis). For purposes of the 1% threshold,
the amount treated as received for any service shall not be less
than 150% of the direct cost incurred by the REIT in furnishing
or rendering the service.
Essex does not receive any rent that is based on the income or
profits of any person. In addition, Essex does not own, directly
or indirectly, 10% or more of any tenant (other than, perhaps, a
tenant that is a taxable REIT subsidiary where other
requirements are satisfied). Furthermore, Essex believes that
any personal property rented in connection with its apartment
facilities is well within the 15% limit. Finally, Essex does not
believe that it provide services, other than within the 1% de
minimis exception described above, to its tenants that are not
customarily furnished or rendered in connection with the rental
of property, other than through an independent contractor or a
taxable REIT subsidiary.
The 95% Test
In addition to deriving 75% of Essexs gross income from
the sources listed above, at least 95% of Essexs gross
income for a taxable year must be derived from the
above-described qualifying income, or from dividends, interest
or gains from the sale or disposition of stock or other
securities that are not dealer property. Dividends from a
corporation (including a taxable REIT subsidiary) and interest
on any obligation not collateralized by an interest on real
property are included for purposes of the 95% test, but not
(except with respect to dividends from a REIT) for purposes of
the 75% test. For purposes of determining whether we comply with
the 75% and 95% tests, gross income does not include income from
prohibited transactions (discussed below).
From time to time, Essex may enter into hedging transactions
with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities.
Essexs hedging activities may include entering into
interest rate swaps, caps and floors, or options to purchase
such items, and futures and forward contracts. To the extent
Essex enters into an interest
37
rate swap or cap contract, option, futures contract, forward
rate agreement or any similar financial instrument to hedge our
indebtedness incurred to acquire or carry real estate
assets, any periodic income or gain from the disposition
of such contract should be qualifying income for purposes of the
95% gross income test, but not the 75% gross income test. To the
extent that Essex hedges with other types of financial
instruments, or in other situations, it is not entirely clear
how the income from those transactions will be treated for
purposes of the gross income tests. Essex intends to structure
any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize
its status as a REIT.
Essexs investment in apartment communities generally gives
rise to rental income that is qualifying income for purposes of
the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Gains on sales of apartment
communities, other than from prohibited transactions, as
described below, or of its interest in a partnership generally
will be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross
income tests. Essex anticipates that income on our other
investments will not result in our failing the 75% or 95% gross
income test for any year.
Even if Essex fails to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95%
tests for any taxable year, it may still qualify as a REIT for
such year if it is entitled to relief under certain provisions
of the Internal Revenue Code. These relief provisions will
generally be available if: (1) Essexs failure to
comply was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect;
(2) Essex reports the nature and amount of each item of our
income included in the 75% and 95% tests on a schedule attached
to its tax return; and (3) any incorrect information on
this schedule is not due to fraud with intent to evade tax. It
is not possible, however, to state whether in all circumstances
Essex would be entitled to the benefit of these relief
provisions. Even if these relief provisions apply, Essex will
still be subject to a special tax upon the greater of either
(1) the amount by which 75% of its gross income exceeds the
amount of our income qualifying under the 75% test for the
taxable year or (2) the amount by which 90% of our gross
income exceeds the amount of our income qualifying for the 95%
income test for the taxable year, multiplied by a fraction
intended to reflect our profitability.
Essex does not intend to rent to any related party, to base any
rent on the income or profits of any person (other than rents
that are based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts
or sales), or to charge rents that would otherwise not qualify
as rents from real property.
Annual Distribution Requirements
To qualify as a REIT, Essex is required to distribute dividends
(other than capital gain dividends) to our stockholders each
year in an amount equal to at least (A) the sum of
(i) 90% of our REIT taxable income (computed without regard
to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain) and
(ii) 90% of the net income (after tax), if any, from
foreclosure property, minus (B) the sum of certain items of
non-cash income.
Such distributions must be paid in the taxable year to which
they relate, or in the following taxable year if declared before
we timely file our tax return for such year and if paid on or
before the first regular dividend payment after such
declaration. To the extent that Essex does not distribute all of
its net capital gain or distribute at least 90%, but less than
100%, of its REIT taxable income, as adjusted, Essex will be
subject to tax on the undistributed amount at regular corporate
tax rates, as the case may be. (However, Essex can elect to
pass through any of our taxes paid on its
undistributed net capital gain income to its stockholders on a
pro rata basis.) Furthermore, if Essex should fail to distribute
during each calendar year at least the sum of (1) 85% of
its ordinary income for such year, (2) 95% of its net
capital gain income for such year, and (3) any
undistributed taxable income from prior periods, Essex would be
subject to a 4% excise tax on the excess of such required
distribution over the sum of the amounts actually distributed
and the amount of any net capital gains Essex elects to retain
and pay tax on. For these and other purposes, dividends declared
by Essex in October, November or December of one taxable year
and payable to a stockholder of record on a specific date in any
such month shall be treated as both paid by Essex and received
by the stockholder during such taxable year, provided that the
dividend is actually paid by Essex by January 31 of the
following taxable year.
Essex believes that it has made timely distributions sufficient
to satisfy the annual distribution requirements. It is possible
that in the future it may not have sufficient cash or other
liquid assets to meet the
38
distribution requirements, due to timing differences between the
actual receipt of income and actual payment of expenses on the
one hand, and the inclusion of such income and deduction of such
expenses in computing our REIT taxable income on the other hand.
Further, as described below, it is possible that, from time to
time, Essex may be allocated a share of net capital gain
attributable to the sale of depreciated property that exceeds
our allocable share of cash attributable to that sale. To avoid
any problem with the distribution requirements, Essex will
closely monitor the relationship between its REIT taxable income
and cash flow and, if necessary, will borrow funds or issue
Preferred or Common Stock to satisfy the distribution
requirement. Essex may be required to borrow funds at times when
market conditions are not favorable.
If Essex fails to meet the distribution requirements as a result
of an adjustment to our tax return by the Internal Revenue
Service, Essex may retroactively cure the failure by paying a
deficiency dividend (plus applicable penalties and
interest) within a specified period.
Prohibited Transaction Rules
A REIT will incur a 100% penalty tax on the net income derived
from a sale or other disposition of property, other than
foreclosure property, that the REIT holds primarily for sale to
customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business (a
prohibited transaction). Under a safe harbor
provision in the Internal Revenue Code, however, income from
certain sales of real property held by the REIT for at least
four years at the time of the disposition will not be treated as
income from a prohibited transaction. We believe that none of
Essexs assets is held for sale to customers and that a
sale of any of our assets would not be in the ordinary course of
our business. Whether a REIT holds an asset primarily for
sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or
business depends, however, on the facts and circumstances
in effect from time to time, including those related to a
particular asset. Although we will attempt to ensure that none
of our sales of property will constitute a prohibited
transaction, we cannot assure you that none of such sales will
be so treated.
Failure to Qualify
If Essex fails to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable
year and the relief provisions do not apply, Essex will be
subject to tax (including any applicable alternative minimum
tax) on its taxable income at regular corporate rates.
Distributions to stockholders in any year in which Essex fails
to qualify will not be deductible by Essex, nor will they be
required to be made.
In such event, to the extent of our current and accumulated
earnings and profits, all distributions to stockholders will be
taxable as ordinary income, and, subject to certain limitations
in the Internal Revenue Code, corporate distributees may be
eligible for the dividends-received deduction and individual
distributees may be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on
their distributions under recent changes in U.S. federal
income tax law. Unless entitled to relief under specific
statutory provisions, Essex will also be disqualified from
taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year
during which qualification was lost. It is not possible to state
whether Essex would be entitled to such statutory relief.
Investments in Partnerships
The following discussion summarizes certain U.S. federal
income tax considerations applicable solely to Essexs
investment in entities treated as partnerships for
U.S. federal income tax purposes. The discussion does not
cover state or local tax laws or any U.S. federal tax laws
other than income tax laws.
General
Essex holds a direct ownership interest in the Operating
Partnership. In general, partnerships are
pass-through entities which are not subject to
U.S. federal income tax. Rather, partners are allocated
their proportionate shares of the items of income, gain, loss,
deduction and credit of a partnership, and are potentially
subject to tax thereon, without regard to whether the partners
receive a distribution from the partnership. Essex includes its
proportionate share of the foregoing partnership items for
purposes of the various REIT income tests and in the computation
of its REIT taxable income. See Material U.S. Federal
39
Income Tax Considerations Taxation of Essex
and Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Considerations Gross Income Tests. Any
resultant increase in Essexs REIT taxable income increases
its distribution requirements, but is not subject to
U.S. federal income tax in Essexs hands provided that
such income is distributed to its stockholders. See
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Considerations Annual Distribution
Requirements. Moreover, for purposes of the REIT asset
tests, Essex includes its proportionate share of assets held by
the partnerships. see Material U.S. Federal Income
Tax Considerations Asset Tests.
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Tax Allocations with Respect to the Properties |
Pursuant to Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code,
income, gain, loss and deduction attributable to appreciated or
depreciated property that is contributed to a partnership in
exchange for an interest in the partnership (such as some of our
properties), must be allocated in a manner such that the
contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from,
respectively, the unrealized gain or unrealized loss associated
with the property at the time of the contribution. The amount of
such unrealized gain or unrealized loss is generally equal to
the difference between the fair market value of contributed
property at the time of contribution, and the adjusted tax basis
of such property at the time of contribution (a book-tax
difference). Such allocations are solely for
U.S. federal income tax purposes and do not affect the book
capital accounts or other economic or legal arrangements among
the partners. The Operating Partnership has property subject to
book-tax differences. Consequently, the partnership agreement of
the Operating Partnerships requires such allocations to be made
in a manner consistent with Section 704(c) of the Internal
Revenue Code.
In general, the partners who contributed appreciated assets to
the Operating Partnership will be allocated lower amounts of
depreciation deductions for tax purposes and increased taxable
income and gain on sale by the Operating Partnership of the
contributed assets (including some of our properties). This will
tend to eliminate the book-tax difference over time. However,
the special allocation rules under Section 704(c) of the
Internal Revenue Code do not always entirely rectify the
book-tax difference on an annual basis or with respect to a
specific taxable transaction, such as a sale. Thus, the
carryover basis of the contributed assets in the hands of the
operating partnerships may cause us to be allocated lower
depreciation and other deductions, and possibly greater amounts
of taxable income in the event of a sale of such contributed
assets, in excess of the economic or book income allocated to us
as a result of such sale. This may cause us to recognize taxable
income in excess of cash proceeds, which might adversely affect
our ability to comply with the REIT distribution requirements.
See Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Considerations Annual Distribution
Requirements. In addition, the application of
Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code is not entirely
clear and may be affected by authority that may be promulgated
in the future.
Generally, any gain realized by the Operating Partnership on the
sale of property will be capital gain, except for any portion of
such gain that is treated as certain depreciation or cost
recovery recapture. Essexs share of any gain realized by
the Operating Partnership on the sale of any property it holds
primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a
trade or business generally will be treated as income from a
prohibited transaction that is subject to a 100% penalty tax.
See Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Considerations Prohibited Transaction Rules.
Possible Legislative or Other Actions Affecting Tax
Considerations
Prospective investors should recognize that the present
U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in us
may be modified by legislative, judicial or administrative
action at any time, and that any such action may affect
investments and commitments previously made. The rules dealing
with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under
review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the
Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Treasury Department,
resulting in revisions of regulations and revised
interpretations of established concepts as well as statutory
changes. Revisions in U.S. federal tax laws and
interpretations thereof could adversely affect the tax
consequences of an investment in us.
40
State and Local Taxes
We and our investors may be subject to state or local taxation
in various jurisdictions, including those in which we or they
transact business or reside. The state and local tax treatment
of us and our investors may not conform to the U.S. federal
income tax consequences discussed above.
Consequently, prospective investors should consult their own tax
advisers regarding the effect of state and local tax laws on an
investment in our securities.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell the Offered Securities to one or more underwriters
for public offering and sale by them or may sell the Offered
Securities to investors directly or through agents, which agents
may be affiliated with us. We will name any such underwriter or
agent involved in the offer and sale of the Offered Securities
in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
We may effect from time to time sales of Offered Securities
offered pursuant to any applicable Prospectus Supplement in one
or more transactions at a fixed price or prices, which may be
changed, at prices related to the prevailing market prices at
the time of sale, or at negotiated prices. We also may, from
time to time, authorize underwriters acting as our agents to
offer and sell the Offered Securities upon the terms and
conditions as set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
In connection with the sale of Offered Securities, underwriters
may be deemed to have received compensation from Essex or from
the Operating Partnership in the form of underwriting discounts
or commissions, and also may receive commissions from purchasers
of Offered Securities for whom they may act as agent.
Underwriters may sell Offered Securities to or through dealers,
and such dealers may receive compensation in the form of
discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters
and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as
agent.
Any underwriting compensation we pay to underwriters or agents
in connection with the offering of Offered Securities, and any
discounts, concessions or commissions underwriters allow to
participating dealers, will be set forth in the applicable
Prospectus Supplement. Underwriters, dealers and agents
participating in the distribution of the Offered Securities may
be deemed to be underwriters, and any discounts and commissions
they receive and any profit they realize on resale of the
Offered Securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts
and commissions under the Securities Act. Underwriters, dealers
and agents may be entitled, under agreements entered into with
us, to indemnification against and contribution toward certain
civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities
Act. Any such indemnification agreements will be described in
the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
each series of Offered Securities will be a new issue with no
established trading market, other than Essexs Common Stock
which is listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Any shares of
Essexs Common Stock sold pursuant to a Prospectus
Supplement will be listed on such exchange, subject to official
notice of issuance. We may elect to list any Preferred Stock,
Warrants or Debt Securities on any exchange, but we are not
obligated to do so. It is possible that one or more underwriters
may make a market in a series of Offered Securities, but will
not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making
at any time without notice. Therefore, we cannot assure you of
the liquidity of the trading market for the Offered Securities.
If so indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, we may
authorize dealers, acting as our agent, to solicit offers by
certain institutions to purchase Offered Securities from us at
the public offering price set forth in such Prospectus
Supplement, pursuant to delayed delivery contracts
(Contracts) providing for payment and delivery on
the date or dates stated in such Prospectus Supplement. Each
Contract will be for an amount not less than, and the aggregate
principal amount of Offered Securities sold pursuant to
Contracts shall be not less nor more than, the respective
amounts stated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
Institutions with whom Contracts, when authorized, may be made
include commercial and savings banks, insurance companies,
pension funds, investment companies, educational and charitable
institutions, and other institutions but will in all cases be
subject to our approval. Contracts will not be subject to any
conditions
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except: (i) the purchase by an institution of the Offered
Securities covered by its Contracts shall not, at the time of
delivery, be prohibited under the laws of any jurisdiction in
the United States to which such institution is subject; and
(ii) if the Offered Securities are being sold to
underwriters, we shall have sold to such underwriters the total
principal amount of the Offered Securities less the principal
amount thereof covered by Contracts.
Certain of the underwriters and their affiliates may be
customers of, engage in transactions with and perform services
for, us in the ordinary course of business.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the Offered Securities will be passed upon for
us by Morrison & Foerster LLP. Morrison &
Foerster LLP will also issue an opinion to us regarding certain
tax matters described under Material U.S. Federal
Income Tax Considerations.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements and schedules of Essex
Property Trust, Inc. and Essex Portfolio, L.P. as of
December 31, 2002 and 2001, and for each of the years in
the three-year period ended December 31, 2002, have been
incorporated by reference herein, in reliance upon the reports
of KPMG LLP, independent accountants, and upon the authority of
said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
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________________________________________________________________________________
Shares
%
Series G Cumulative
Convertible Preferred
Stock
Prospectus Supplement
July , 2006
Banc of America Securities
LLC