6-K
Table of Contents

 

 

Form 6-K

 

 

REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR

15d-16

UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the month of March, 2015.

Commission File Number 001-04546

 

 

UNILEVER PLC

(Translation of registrant’s name into English)

 

 

100 Victoria Embankment, London, England

(Address of principal executive office)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of

Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F  þ        Form  40-F  ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by

Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1):  ¨

Note: Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1) only permits the submission in paper of a Form 6-K if submitted

solely to provide an attached annual report to security holders.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by

Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7):  ¨

Note: Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7) only permits the submission in paper of a Form 6-K if submitted to furnish a report or other document that the registrant foreign private issuer must furnish and make public under the laws of the jurisdiction in which the registrant is incorporated, domiciled or legally organized (the registrant’s “home country”), or under the rules of the home country exchange on which the registrant’s securities are traded, as long as the report or other document is not a press release, is not required to be and has not been distributed to the registrant’s security holders, and, if discussing a material event, has already been the subject of a Form 6-K submission or other Commission filing on EDGAR.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant by furnishing the information contained in this Form is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes  ¨        No  þ

If “Yes” is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in connection with

Rule 12g3-2(b): 82-                     .

 

 

 


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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT

This document may contain forward-looking statements, including ‘forward-looking statements’ within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as ‘will’, ‘aim’, ‘expects’, ‘anticipates’, ‘intends’, ‘looks’, ‘believes’, ‘vision’, or the negative of these terms and other similar expressions of future performance or results, and their negatives, are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based upon current expectations and assumptions regarding anticipated developments and other factors affecting the Group. They are not historical facts, nor are they guarantees of future performance.

Because these forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, there are important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Among other risks and uncertainties, the material or principal factors which cause actual results to differ materially are: Unilever’s global brands not meeting consumer preferences; Unilever’s ability to innovate and remain competitive; Unilever’s investment choices in its portfolio management; inability to find sustainable solutions to support long-term growth; customer relationships; the recruitment and retention of talented employees; disruptions in our supply chain; the cost of raw materials and commodities; the production of safe and high quality products; secure and reliable IT infrastructure; successful execution of acquisitions, divestitures and business transformation projects; economic and political risks and natural disasters; financial risks; failure to meet high and ethical standards; and managing regulatory, tax and legal matters. Further details of potential risks and uncertainties affecting the Group are described in the Group’s filings with the London Stock Exchange, Euronext Amsterdam and the US Securities and Exchange Commission, including in the Group’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended 31 December 2014 and the Annual Report and Accounts 2014. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this document. Except as required by any applicable law or regulation, the Group expressly disclaims any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in the Group’s expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Exhibit Number Exhibit Description
1 Strategic Report
2 Governance and Financial Report


Table of Contents

LOGO


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LOGO


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OUR PURPOSE

 

 

UNILEVER HAS A SIMPLE PURPOSE – TO MAKE SUSTAINABLE LIVING COMMONPLACE. WE SEE IT AS THE BEST, LONG-TERM WAY FOR OUR BUSINESS TO GROW.

 

Our clear Purpose helps us to remain distinct in the eyes of consumers, retailers and suppliers.

It also means we can set an ambitious Vision – to double the size of the business whilst reducing our environmental footprint and increasing our positive social impact.

To meet our growth ambition we invest in people whose talent will help us win through our brands and innovation, unrivalled execution in the market place and a relentless focus on continuous improvement for greater efficiency.

Our environmental and social ambitions are driven through the Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP), which has economic benefits and operates across all our brands, markets and our entire value chain.

Even when markets are tough we cannot ignore sustainability. If we did, this would diminish the future resilience of Unilever for its long-term shareholders.

We would miss out on the growing consumer preference for goods that do not damage the environment or exploit people.

Our entire business would rely on increasingly rare and expensive raw materials, pushing up our costs. Without more efficient use of energy our production costs would increase while we would miss considerable savings from more sustainable packaging and less waste.

We would also risk the disapproval of governments, regulators and NGOs, and our brands – Unilever’s crown jewels – could suffer reputational damage, representing serious economic loss to the business.

That’s why sustainability is at the heart of everything we do to ensure we have a viable long-term business that is attractive to investors.

 

 

 

ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS 2014

 

CONTENTS

  

  

   

 

OUR ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS 2014 IS IN TWO PARTS:

 

OUR STRATEGIC REPORT

The Strategic Report contains information about us, how we make money and how we run our business. It includes our strategy, business model, markets and Key Performance Indicators, as well as our approach to sustainability and risk.

 

GOVERNANCE AND FINANCIAL REPORT

The Governance and Financial Report contains detailed corporate governance information, how we mitigate risk, our Committee reports and how we remunerate our Directors, plus our Financial Statements and Notes.

 

Chairman’s statement

  2   

Chief Executive Officer’s review

  4   

Our performance

  7   

About us

  8   

Our markets

  12   

How we create sustainable value

  14   

– Our business model

  14   

– Our strategic focus

  15   
Delivering value for our stakeholders   17   

– Our consumers

  18   

– Society

  22   

– Our people

  25   

– Our shareholders

  28   

– Financial review 2014

  31   

Our principal risks

  36   

Summary remuneration report

  38   

ONLINE

 

Shareholder information

  40   

 

LOGO  You can find more information about Unilever online at www.unilever.com.

     For the latest information on the USLP visit www.unilever.com/sustainable-living.

     Our Strategic Report and Governance and Financial Report, along with other relevant documents, can be downloaded at www.unilever.com/ara2014/downloads.

 

This Strategic Report has been approved by the Boards and signed on their behalf by Tonia Lovell – Group Secretary.

    

 

 

Unilever Annual Report and Accounts 2014 Strategic Report                1


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CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT

 

 

 

I AM PLEASED TO REPORT THAT 2014 WAS ANOTHER YEAR OF PROGRESS FOR UNILEVER ACROSS A NUMBER OF FRONTS DESPITE A DIFFICULT ENVIRONMENT FOR THE BUSINESS.

 

OVERVIEW

Tough economic and financial headwinds with continued competitive intensity made 2014 one of the most challenging years that the industry and Unilever have faced for some time. A slowdown in the growth of emerging markets proved a testing environment while consumers in developed markets continued to show caution. Volatile currencies were a further negative.

However, Unilever’s business model and strategy proved robust, delivering a competitive performance with underlying sales growth ahead of the market and solid margin expansion. Our growth model is based on a leaner, more agile Unilever and consistency of delivery in this more volatile market is key. The Boards remain convinced that a clear, purpose-driven business model is the best way for Unilever to continue generating sustainable, long-term returns for all stakeholders, including our shareholders, as proved by a year of strong, dependable cash flow and steadily increasing dividends. The full year dividend paid in 2014 rose to 1.12, a 7% increase on 2013.

HIGHLIGHTS

For me, the Boards’ highlights of 2014 were:

DEEP UNDERSTANDING OF THE BUSINESS

Investing in people and in innovation is crucial in this tough environment. To that end, the Boards were pleased to spend time at Unilever’s new state-of-the-art training facility in Singapore, and to see first-hand the high-quality innovations being developed for the Refreshment category at Unilever’s global R&D laboratory in Colworth, UK.

The volatile currency environment made our review of the Group’s treasury operations particularly pertinent. The Boards also spent time assessing the quality of talent management and Unilever’s competitive environment. Broad exposure to senior managers in 2014 allowed the Directors to gain a deeper understanding of the business and helped in the wider strategy discussions.

STRATEGIC DISCUSSIONS

The Boards held in-depth discussions with management on strategy and portfolio development with particular attention to changing market dynamics especially in emerging markets. Despite the short-term challenges, the Boards believe the growth story in these markets remains intact. The challenges in developed markets are no less important; one response to which is our new Baking, Cooking and Spreading Business Unit in Europe and North America.

The Boards also reviewed the progress made under the Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP). The Directors are confident that the USLP remains hugely relevant in addressing today’s global challenges and will continue to be a long-term driver of profitable growth for Unilever.

BOARD COMPOSITION AND SUCCESSION

We continue to work on succession planning for both the Boards and management, and thorough processes are in place.

Our Directors bring complementary and relevant skills to the Boards. In addition to wide global experience, these skills include expertise on finance and accounting, consumer markets, science and technology, customers and marketing as well as government and legal experience.

I’m delighted that Feike Sijbesma has joined the Boards with effect from 1 November 2014. Feike, who has a wealth of experience as a sustainable business leader and in finance, food and nutrition, has already added considerably to the Boards’ discussions.

DIVERSITY

Over 40% of our Non-Executive Directors are now women. This is not surprising for a Group that has long understood the importance of diversity within the workforce and wider value chain. The progress made in employee diversity over recent years has been among the best in our sector and led to widespread external recognition.

UNILEVER’S AUDITOR

Our shareholders appointed KPMG as our new auditor at the AGMs in May 2014 and a smooth and well managed transition has been completed.

BOARD EFFECTIVENESS

Our Board evaluation in 2014 was externally facilitated and the results were discussed at the November 2014 Board meeting. The Boards continue to function well with good leadership and competent and engaged members. Good progress has been made on the actions agreed in previous evaluations. The actions agreed by the Boards in the 2014 evaluation included the continued focus on overall strategy, portfolio management, and succession and induction planning.

SHAREHOLDER AND STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT

In May 2014 we bought out certain third party rights that were convertible in 2038 into over 70 million PLC ordinary shares. This simplified Unilever’s capital structure and enhanced core earnings per share. In addition, in 2014 we rolled out a new employee share scheme to align our employees’ interests with those of shareholders.

Unilever values open, constructive and effective communication with shareholders. In 2014, I again met with principal shareholders in Europe and the US. Together with management, we explained our strategy to shareholders through meetings, conferences and at our annual investor event.

In line with the focus on simplification in the business, the Boards have decided to simplify the 2015 AGMs. We will revert to holding the NV and PLC AGMs on consecutive days and will host our AGMs at Unilever offices in the Netherlands and the UK. More information can be found within the NV and PLC AGM Notices which will be published on 17 March 2015.

 

 

2                Strategic Report Unilever Annual Report and Accounts 2014


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STRATEGIC REPORT

The Boards’ objective is to meet high standards of disclosure and we consider this Annual Report and Accounts to provide a fair, balanced and understandable account of Unilever’s year in 2014 with the information required to assess performance, business model and strategy.

This 2014 Annual Report and Accounts is published in a two-part format: a stand-alone Strategic Report and a separate Governance and Financial Report.

Among many other things, this Strategic Report explains how Unilever fulfils its core Purpose of making sustainable living commonplace for consumers, society and people and how that delivers sustainable value for shareholders.

Finally, on behalf of the Boards, I would like to thank all Unilever’s 172,000 employees for their hard work in delivering good results in a challenging environment.

 

LOGO

Michael Treschow

Chairman

 

 

 

LOGO For more information on Board evaluation and shareholder engagement, see pages 42 and 45 of the Governance and Financial Report.

LOGO

 

 

Unilever Annual Report and Accounts 2014 Strategic Report                3


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CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER’S REVIEW

 

 

 

UNILEVER CONTINUED TO GROW AHEAD OF ITS MARKETS IN 2014 AND RE-AFFIRMED ITS REPUTATION FOR CONSISTENT TOP AND BOTTOM LINE GROWTH, ENSURING CONTINUED RETURNS FOR INVESTORS. PAUL POLMAN, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, ANSWERS THE KEY QUESTIONS ABOUT 2014.

 

Q: HOW WOULD YOU SUMMARISE 2014 FOR UNILEVER?

 

A: In a volatile environment consistency of results is key. Our model calls for consistent, competitive, profitable and responsible growth. With 2.9% underlying sales growth, and good profit progress, this is the fifth consecutive year of top and bottom line growth. This was achieved despite a challenging external environment.

 

Our business is growing ahead of our markets with 60% gaining share and we believe this growth is also competitive. The Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP) helps to ensure growth is responsible. The consistency of our delivery is underlined by the fact that our average growth over the last five years is 4.9%, making us one of the most reliable performers in our industry.

 

Q: HOW WOULD YOU CHARACTERISE THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH YOU HAVE HAD TO OPERATE OVER THE LAST YEAR?

 

A: Very challenging and among the most difficult I can remember. We certainly faced more headwinds than tailwinds. For the first time in many years, for example, we had to confront the reality of largely flat developed markets and markedly slowing emerging markets. Indeed, markets slowed from some 3.5% in 2013 to around 2.5% in 2014.

 

At the same time, the world continued to be rocked by a combination of geopolitical instability and natural, climate-related disasters that have sadly become the norm.

 

All of these add a cost to doing business, which is why we believe that confronting these issues and looking for solutions to them – rather than just being buffeted by events – is the only long-term viable growth model. Agility is equally important in this environment and we have worked hard once again to reduce complexity and evolve the organisational model for speed and efficiency.

Q: WHAT PLEASED YOU MOST ABOUT THE COMPANY’S PERFORMANCE IN 2014?

 

A: The ability to deliver results while balancing the needs of our multiple stakeholders. The consistency of our delivery, even in these unusually volatile and uncertain conditions, helps. It reassures me that the fundamental pillars of the business are strong and that we have developed the resilience needed to compete even in the most difficult circumstances.

 

What pleased me specifically was that we were able to take the short-term measures necessary to respond to events – further tightening our belts, for example, and simplifying the organisation through initiatives like Project Half for Growth – while at the same time continuing to invest in the long-term drivers of growth. The launches of some of our biggest brands into new markets – like Omo in the Gulf, Clear in Japan or Lifebuoy in China – were great examples of this.

 

We also made a number of strategic acquisitions over the year to help strengthen our portfolio further: the Talenti super-premium ice cream business in North America, for example, and the Qinyuan water purification business in China, both take us into some attractive segments of the market.

 

I was equally delighted by the progress we made during 2014 in increasing our proportion of female managers. There is much still to do, but beating our stretching targets and ending the year with women representing 43.3% of all managers was a great achievement and a real sign of the commitment felt across Unilever to make progress in this area. Finally we have made further progress on sustainable sourcing, decoupling growth from environmental impact and increasing positive social impact throughout our value chain. This has further enhanced our corporate reputation and lowered risk and costs.

 

Q: WHAT DID ALL THIS MEAN FOR THE GROUP’S FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE?

 

A: Weakening consumer demand certainly impacted our underlying sales growth yet it provided a great opportunity to accelerate our efficiency effort. Growth was therefore profitable, with an improvement in core operating margin of 0.4 percentage points, driven by strong savings programmes. Tight control of working capital contributed to another year of healthy cash flow delivery (more than 3.1 billion) which – combined with the improvement in operating margin – contributed to earnings per share (EPS) growth of 2% (or 11% adjusted for currency impact).

 

 

RESHAPING OUR PORTFOLIO

 

LOGO

We continued to reshape our portfolio in 2014 to ensure resources are best utilised for growth. In June we sold the Ragu and Bertolli pasta sauces business in North America for approximately US $2.15 billion. We invested capital in growth opportunities by acquiring a majority stake in the Qinyuan Group, a leading Chinese water purification business. This doubled our size in this sector, addressing a fast-growing consumer need and furthering our aim to grow our business sustainably. More details of our mergers and acquisitions activity can be found on page 29.

 

 

4                Strategic Report Unilever Annual Report and Accounts 2014


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Q: ARE THERE AREAS IN WHICH YOU WOULD LIKE TO HAVE SEEN MORE PROGRESS?

 

A: Even though we have made significant strides over recent years in improving our organisational agility and our ability to respond quickly to events, there is still room for improvement. I would like to have seen us react a little quicker, for example, to the slowdown in a number of markets, particularly China, where frankly we were caught off-guard by the speed and scale of weakening consumer demand. In terms of our categories, all of them contributed – albeit in different ways – to the overall performance of the Group and I have confidence in the strength and long-term growth potential of our portfolio.

 

We took steps last year to sharpen the portfolio even further with a number of strategic acquisitions and disposal of non-core brands, although there is always scope to do more and I would like to see the level of activity accelerate in the year ahead. It is also clear that we still need to do more to get our Foods category growing again, although we are winning market share.

 

This is a tough business to be in – with much of our portfolio in flat or even declining developed markets – but we have to do more to leverage the strength of our wonderful Foods brands and bring back the growth momentum. By contrast, while our Home Care and Refreshment categories delivered good or solid growth, we need to increase the levels of cash and profitability if we are to invest in the many growth opportunities. These will all be priorities in 2015.

 

Q: HOW DID UNILEVER SERVE THE INTERESTS OF ITS VARIOUS STAKEHOLDERS IN 2014?

 

A: Meeting the diverse interests of multiple stakeholders is a challenge for a company of Unilever’s size but also a great opportunity given our Vision to grow in a sustainable and socially inclusive way. Once again, we made good progress.

 

   INVESTING IN EMERGING MARKETS

 

 

     LOGO

 

Unilever’s strategic commitment to emerging markets continued in 2014 with significant investments in brand launches, new production facilities and our operations.

 

We undertook major launches of brands including Lifebuoy into China and Omo

 

 

into Saudi Arabia and the Gulf region. Brazil saw the entry of the Baby Dove range and Omo stain removers.

 

In China we undertook large capital expenditure, building a new dry savoury plant and a new washing powder factory. In Indonesia, large-scale capital investment was made in Siliwangi, creating a plant for Cikarang Foods, adding significant capacity to dry and wet savoury production. In the Philippines a new dry savoury factory was built. Detergent and ice cream factories were built in Africa.

 

We are extending our distribution reach in the outer islands of Indonesia, rural India and the north and central west of Brazil, while Singapore continues to be a major hub for our development of Unilever people at our Four Acres training campus.

 

 

There is no doubt that over the long term our investors have benefited from their continued belief in Unilever, with total shareholder return increasing by a further 18% in 2014. Our employees remain a key priority of course and, despite the constrained economic environment, we did not compromise on our investments in training, personal development, safety and other employee support programmes. It was heartening to see employee engagement scores remain at historically high levels in our annual Global People Survey (GPS), with improvements across all five metrics.

 

It is also clear that the demand to join Unilever has never been greater. We received over 2 million applications or expressions of interest in 2014 and for the second year running Unilever was ranked the third most in-demand employer among jobseekers on LinkedIn, behind only Apple and Google, as more and more young people want to work for purpose-driven organisations.

 

We also made progress in our commitment to serve a wider group of stakeholders through the USLP and our Vision of growing the business while reducing our environmental footprint and increasing our positive social impact, not only in that part of the business under our direct control but throughout the whole value chain. This manifests itself in many different ways – everything from playing our part in putting an end to deforestation to ensuring we embrace and advance human rights principles throughout the length of our supply chain. You can see a number of examples set out in other parts of this report.

 

It was pleasing to see our efforts recognised once again in 2014, including regaining sector leadership in the prestigious Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) and being ranked – for the fourth year running – as the Number One Company in the Globescan/SustainAbility index of leading sustainability experts around the world.

 

Unilever Annual Report and Accounts 2014 Strategic Report                5


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CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER’S REVIEW

CONTINUED

 

    

LOGO

Q: WHAT DO YOU SEE AS THE PRINCIPAL CHALLENGES FOR UNILEVER IN THE YEAR AHEAD?

A: Operating in an environment of almost unprecedented volatility and complexity will remain a big challenge for everyone. Few people predicted that in 2014 we would see such a sharp slowdown in some of the major world economies or the escalation of geopolitical conflicts or the outbreak of pandemics like Ebola and oil prices ending the year at less than US $50 a barrel. We must be prepared for a similarly unpredictable year in 2015.

The key is to have a model that responds to people’s needs and concerns, and an organisation that is both resilient and agile in the face of growing economic and geopolitical uncertainty. We achieved that again in 2014 and I want to thank – and recognise – the supreme efforts of our 172,000 colleagues and the many more partners around the world.

Q: WHAT IS YOUR OUTLOOK FOR 2015?

A: We expect the economic pressures to continue. Consumer demand in emerging markets is likely to remain subdued for some time to come. There is still little sign of a recovery in Europe and, while conditions in North America have improved, any increase in consumer demand is likely to be slow and shoppers will remain focused on value.

We are also prepared for managing any continuing volatility on the world’s currency markets and for what could be fluctuations in commodity costs as a result of the reduction in oil prices. At the same time, we expect the levels of competitive activity – both from global competitors and, increasingly, from local players – to remain high in 2015.

Despite these pressures, we are confident that with the many positive changes we have already made to Unilever we are well placed to continue delivering our objectives of volume growth ahead of our markets, steady and sustainable improvements in core operating margin, and strong cash flow.

 

LOGO

Paul Polman

Chief Executive Officer

 

 

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OUR PERFORMANCE

 

 

 

IN 2014, DESPITE A CHALLENGING YEAR FOR OUR INDUSTRY, WITH SIGNIFICANT ECONOMIC HEADWINDS AND WEAK MARKETS, WE HAVE DELIVERED COMPETITIVE UNDERLYING SALES GROWTH AND MARGIN EXPANSION.

 

OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS

Turnover was 48.4 billion, down 2.7% with a negative impact from foreign exchange of 4.6%, and net acquisitions and disposals of 0.9%. Underlying sales grew 2.9%.

Gross margin declined 0.2 percentage points driven by currency-related cost increases in emerging markets, partly offset by pricing, savings and mix such as margin accretive innovations.

Core operating margin rose by 0.4 percentage points despite maintaining brand and marketing investment at 14.8% of turnover, as overheads were reduced by 0.6 percentage points.

  Underlying sales growth of 2.9% was ahead of our markets, with volume 1.0% and price 1.9%.
  Emerging markets, 57% of our business, grew underlying sales by 5.7%.
  Developed markets reported a decline in underlying sales of 0.8%, with price down 1.3% and volume up 0.5%.

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

We report our performance against ten key performance indicators (KPIs) – four financial and six non-financial – as shown below. Our financial KPIs are described in more detail in the Financial review starting on page 31.

 

 

KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS

 

       
UNDERLYING SALES     CORE OPERATING     UNDERLYING VOLUME     FREE CASH FLOW
GROWTH     MARGIN     GROWTH      
       
2014     2014     2014     2014
2.9%     14.5%     1.0%     3.1 BILLION
2013: 4.3%     2013: 14.1%     2013: 2.5%     2013: 3.9 billion
       

Underlying sales growth over five years has averaged 4.9%.

 

   

Core operating margin has steadily increased over five years from 13.6% to 14.5%.

 

   

Underlying volume growth averaged 2.9% over five years.

 

   

Over the last five years Unilever has generated free cash flow of 17.7 billion.

 

KEY NON-FINANCIAL INDICATORS

 

         
MANUFACTURING              

 These measures are non-GAAP measures. For further information about these measures, and the reasons why we believe they are important for an understanding of the performance of the business, please refer to our commentary on non-GAAP measures on pages 34 to 35.

 

¯ PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) assured. For details and the basis of preparation see www.unilever. com/ara2014/downloads.

 

ø Measured 1 October – 30 September.

 

# Prior year restated to include additional waste identified.

 

2014

   

 

2014

   

 

2014

   
92.02KG¯ø     2.01M3¯ø     1.19KG¯ø    

2013: 98.85kg¯ø

   

2013: 2.12m3¯ø

   

2013: 2.96kg¯ø#

   

 

CO2 from energy per tonne of production.

     

 

Water per tonne of production.

     

 

Total waste (sent for disposal) per tonne of production.

 

   
           

 

TOTAL RECORDABLE

   

 

DIVERSITY

   

 

ENGAGEMENT

   
ACCIDENT FREQUENCY                
RATE                

 

2014

   

 

2014              2014

   

 

2014

   
1.05¯ø     57%   43%     75%    

2013: 1.03¯ø

   

male                  female

   

2013: 78%

   
     

2013: 58%        2013: 42%

         

Per 1 million hours worked.

    The percentage of persons of each sex who were Unilever managers.    

Overall engagement score among managers who participated in our Global People Survey in 2014.

 

   
             
             
                 

 

Unilever Annual Report and Accounts 2014   Strategic Report                7


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ABOUT US

 

 

 

THIS SECTION EXPLAINS OUR BUSINESS – HOW AND WHERE WE MAKE OUR PRODUCTS, HOW WE TAKE THEM TO MARKET AND HOW WE ENSURE THAT OUR BRANDS REMAIN OUR CONSUMERS’ CHOICE.

 

 

LOGO

 

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OUR VALUE CHAIN

Unilever’s value chain – the process by which we create brands, products and ultimately shareholder value – begins with acquiring insight into consumers’ needs, which vary considerably between developed and emerging markets.

Insight requires close engagement with consumers, often over prolonged periods, and allows us to identify future trends to gain a competitive edge.

That knowledge helps us to target our subsequent R&D activities and our investments in innovation. Unilever has filed more than 200 new patent applications in 2014 and our Partner To Win 2020 programme, also launched in 2014, creates a new platform for us to work with our suppliers in the development of product and packaging innovations that capture consumers’ interest and attention.

 

Bringing these innovations to market as physical products is a core function of Unilever’s supply chain, which employs about 110,000 of our 172,000 people. It also involves working with suppliers around the world.

Unilever itself manufactures the majority of its products and we maintain an international network of 240 manufacturing sites. In sourcing large amounts of raw materials we also have a direct impact on the environment. By sourcing sustainably, we can protect scarce resources, ensure security of supply for our business and reduce price volatility while protecting the environment and enhancing people’s lives, which is at the heart of our Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP). More detail can be found on page 11.

By the time manufacturing is under way Unilever’s marketing teams have worked with our category experts to define the complete marketing mix, including communications, that makes our brands come alive. Communicating the benefits of our products and brands to consumers is increasingly complex, with digital communications and social media creating new and more direct ways to engage alongside traditional media.

Our logistics operations move Unilever products to retailers and our go-to-market teams ensure that we get enough of the right products in the right price bracket in the right sales channels for consumers to buy, be they stores or the fast-growing e-commerce channel.

 

 

LOGO

 

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ABOUT US

CONTINUED

OUR CATEGORIES AND BRANDS

 

Unilever’s portfolio has four categories: Personal Care, Foods, Refreshment and Home Care. We have 13 brands with sales of more than 1 billion. Brands are our biggest asset but also present a risk if they do not maintain value and relevance to consumers. That’s why innovation and remaining competitive are crucial. We launched new brands in 2014, backed by marketing and customer insight, for example Regenerate, a dental care product. In addition to the Qinyuan and Talenti Gelato & Sorbetto acquisitions, we are also in the process of acquiring the Camay and Zest brands, to expand categories and boost growth. To sharpen our portfolio in 2014 we disposed of SlimŸFast, Ragu and Bertolli in North America, and other non-core Foods brands.

LOGO

 

 

PERSONAL CARE

 

FOODS

 

REFRESHMENT

 

HOME CARE

       
Underlying sales growth Underlying sales growth Underlying sales growth Underlying sales growth
3.5% (0.6)% 3.8% 5.8%
2013: 7.3% 2013: 0.3% 2013: 1.1% 2013: 8.0%
       
Core operating margin Core operating margin Core operating margin Core operating margin
18.7% 18.6% 8.8% 6.3%
2013: 17.8% 2013: 17.7% 2013: 9.1% 2013: 6.4%
       
Turnover Turnover Turnover Turnover
17.7 BILLION 12.4 BILLION 9.2 BILLION 9.2 BILLION
2013: 18.1 billion 2013: 13.4 billion 2013: 9.4 billion

2013: 8.9 billion

 

 

WHERE WE OPERATE

 

Unilever’s products sell in more than 190 countries and are used by 2 billion consumers every day. Our business is organised across three geographies: the Americas; Europe; and markets comprising Asia, Australasia, Africa, Middle East, Turkey, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. We also analyse operations by developed and emerging markets. This wide spread exposes us to economic and political risks beyond our control. However, the diversity of our portfolio and geographic reach help mitigate our exposure to any specific risk.

 

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UNILEVER SUSTAINABLE LIVING PLAN

 

We cannot achieve our Vision to double our size unless we find new ways to operate that decouple growth from our environmental impact, while using growth as an enabler for positive social impact. Launched in 2010, the Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP) is our blueprint for sustainable growth. It is helping to drive profitable growth for our brands, save costs and fuel innovation.

The USLP sets out three big, ambitious goals. Underpinning these goals are nine commitments supported by targets spanning our social and environmental performance.

We are making good progress with our first goal: to help more than a billion people improve their health and well-being by 2020, reaching 397 million by the end of 2014. The progress on our second goal is more mixed. We have achieved zero non-hazardous waste to landfill from our factories, and continue to make significant reductions in the greenhouse gas (GHG) and

water impacts of our manufacturing. But the consumer element of our target to halve the water and GHG impacts of our products remains a challenge. On waste reduction, new technology such as the roll-out of compressed deodorant sprays and our new Dove Body Wash bottles has enabled reductions. On our third goal, we are also making good progress. We are now sourcing more than half our agricultural raw materials sustainably and have reached around 800,000 smallholder farmers with help and training. We have created 70,000 women micro-entrepreneurs distributing our products in India while making progress on our new commitments to enhance livelihoods across the value chain.

More on our performance against our targets can be found in our online Sustainable Living Report 2014 to be published in May 2015.

LOGO  www.unilever.com/sustainable-living

 

 

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OUR MARKETS

 

 

UNILEVER OPERATES IN FAST MOVING CONSUMER GOODS (FMCG) MARKETS WHICH INVOLVE THE MANUFACTURE, DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF BRANDED PRODUCTS ADDRESSING A BROAD RANGE OF EVERYDAY NEEDS INCLUDING FOOD, REFRESHMENT AND HOME AND PERSONAL CARE.

 

The top 25 companies in the FMCG market have global sales of approximately US $870 billion.

The market is characterised by high levels of competition between brands and FMCG companies are among the world’s biggest advertisers, accounting for about a fifth of all advertising expenditure.

CONSUMER CONFIDENCE

Levels of consumer confidence are critical to the FMCG market. Confidence has benefited from governments and central banks around the world engaging in various economic support programmes since the 2008 financial crisis.

But in 2014 the major trend in global consumption patterns was a marked slowdown, evidenced by a fall in growth rates in emerging economies, notably China, which is now growing at its slowest rate for five years, and Brazil, which is in recession.

Inflation and a rising cost of living have squeezed consumers in emerging markets, while economies only narrowly missed falling back into recession in Europe. A small number of major markets, such as the US and UK, saw better levels of economic activity but the outlook for consumer confidence remains weak.

This broad economic trend was reflected in our markets, which grew at around 2.5%.

 

 

 

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CHANGING CONSUMER HABITS: E-COMMERCE

E-commerce, driven by the rapid take-up of smartphones and tablets, is an increasingly significant distribution channel. In the retail market, FMCG e-commerce sales are growing and account for 1.2% of total sales, although on current trends this is expected to double to 2.4% by 2020.

In some developed markets, such as the UK, e-commerce is already up to 5% of FMCG sales.

Online shoppers can be up to 25% more loyal, while e-commerce also offers FMCG companies the opportunity of round-the-clock shopping, access to new consumers, improved margins and easier product launches.

100%

GROWTH IN THE FMCG E-COMMERCE CHANNEL BY 2020

POLITICS AND COMMODITIES

The FMCG market is also sensitive to geopolitical events which can hold back growth such as the current situation in Russia and Ukraine where sanctions and political tensions are having an impact on the market.

A further area of exposure is raw material and commodity prices, which drive the industry’s cost base. Across many emerging markets, devaluing currencies have imported inflation into local raw material production.

Elsewhere the oil price has been trending down, compounding price deflation in Europe.

 

 

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COMPETITION

Some of the largest FMCG companies, along with Unilever, include: Nestlé, Procter & Gamble, L’Oréal, Danone, Kraft Foods and Colgate-Palmolive. All have identified emerging markets as a major growth opportunity in years to come.

Of growing influence in the FMCG markets are discount stores which are providing fierce competition to the incumbent supermarket chains, most notably in the US and Europe.

 

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WORLD POPULATION GROWTH BY 2050

 

The expected rise in world population highlights the fact there will be 3 billion middle class consumers in the world as a source of growth for FMCG companies, but also the pressure being placed on raw materials and sustainability.

POPULATION TRENDS

The FMCG market is driven in part by global population trends and demographic changes within countries.

World population is expected to rise to 8 billion by 2025 and, by then, more than 4 billion will be part of the ‘consuming class’. For the first time the number of people with discretionary income will exceed the number struggling to meet basic needs – a trend described by management consultancy McKinsey as possibly the biggest opportunity in the history of capitalism.

ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURES

Population growth also places a strain on the world’s natural resources – the raw materials that the FMCG industry relies on to make its products.

FMCG companies are among the world’s largest buyers of commodities such as agricultural products, natural oils and fats, coffee, tea, paper and board.

Cultivation of commodities such as palm oil has contributed to deforestation which has been a major factor behind climate change. This in turn has reduced the availability of raw materials, increasing their price and FMCG production costs.

While the world population grew fourfold in the 20th century, fresh water withdrawals grew nine times – which highlights the threat of water scarcity to the economic production and consumption of consumer goods.

Numerous initiatives are under way led by industry working in partnership with governments and NGOs to place raw material production on a sustainable footing.

Meanwhile, consumer trends are also shifting towards responsible consumption, and products defined or labelled as natural, organic, ecological or fairly traded.

Boston Consulting Group estimates that two thirds of the US grocery sector market growth comes from the responsible consumption of products which are now worth US $400 billion.

The segment has grown about 9% a year over the past three years and, in the UK, Fairtrade products grew at 14% in 2013 versus overall growth of food spending of less than 5.1%.

HEALTH, HYGIENE AND NUTRITION

FMCG product development is also reacting to consumers’ concerns about their own health and well-being.

Malnutrition – under and over nutrition – is an issue affecting the industry in both emerging and developed markets. This is creating a trend toward the manufacture of healthier food products, which either have fortified ingredients to improve

 

THE ROLE OF WOMEN

 

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Women play a pivotal role in the FMCG market, controlling the majority of purchasing decisions. The promotion of women’s rights and opportunities has clear long-term implications for the FMCG market in terms of product development and innovation. Significant developments such as the UN’s new Sustainable Development Goals are expected to accelerate these opportunities.

 

dietary quality or address other dietary-related complaints such as unhealthy cholesterol levels.

Initiatives such as the UN’s new Sustainable Development Goals also have implications for the industry. Governments in emerging markets, such as India, have made commitments to universal sanitation to improve health and hygiene which will drive increased use of personal and household care products.

 

 

DIGITAL MEDIA AND ADVERTISING GROWTH

 

 

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FMCG advertising is rapidly migrating to digital platforms, driven by the take-up of smartphones and tablets. Global digital advertising is estimated at US $137.5 billion, or a quarter of total advertising spend.

 

The trend is being driven in developed and also emerging markets where mobile phones are proving to be one of the most effective ways of delivering advertising to individuals, particularly in the most remote rural locations. For instance, large parts of rural India have no, or very limited, access to television, print or

 

radio. However, mobile phone penetration and usage is high. As a result, Unilever has launched Kan Khajura Mobile Radio Station in India, which delivers radio content to mobile phones through the simple mechanism of giving a missed call.

 

This mobile channel provides content including Bollywood movie songs, dialogues and jokes that can be accessed for free by the mobile user. The content is interspersed with Unilever brand advertising. Data and analytics are extensively used to vary content to make it relevant and interesting. The channel reaches approximately 10 million people without a TV in Bihar and Jharkhand states, making it one of the largest media channels in these regions. The channel had 29.5 million users by the end of December 2014, helping increase spontaneous awareness of Unilever brands.

 

 

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HOW WE CREATE SUSTAINABLE VALUE

 

 

 

OUR BUSINESS MODEL AND STRATEGY COME TOGETHER TO DELIVER VALUE FOR SHAREHOLDERS. HERE WE EXPLAIN THEIR ELEMENTS AND HOW THEY ARE COMBINED.

OUR BUSINESS MODEL

 

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OUR CORE PURPOSE

MAKING SUSTAINABLE LIVING COMMONPLACE

Our business model starts with our core Purpose which is a clear expression of what we believe to be the best long-term way for Unilever to grow. It is a simple Purpose to help us meet changing consumer preferences and the challenges of a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous world.

 

 

 

KEY INPUTS

BRANDS, OPERATIONS, PEOPLE

Our business model works by combining three key inputs and filtering them through the lens of the Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP). Our brands have significant value and succeed through products that meet the needs of consumers. Our people identify social and consumer needs to grow our brands, market them and manufacture and distribute them. Our operations are the essential supply chain functions and assets of raw material supply, factories, logistics, go-to-market expertise and marketing. We invest financial capital to support all these assets and activities.

 

 

 

HOW WE DRIVE PROFIT

PROFITABLE VOLUME GROWTH, COST LEVERAGE + EFFICIENCY, INNOVATION + MARKETING INVESTMENT

Unilever aims for a virtuous circle of growth. Profitable volume growth is driven by investment in innovation and brands to deliver products which 2 billion consumers use every day. We can leverage this scale to spread fixed costs and improve profitability while further investing in the business. This investment funds R&D and innovation to create new and improved products backed by marketing to create even stronger brands. This drives profitable volume growth and the virtuous circle continues.

 

 

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OUR CONSUMERS

PERSONAL CARE

 

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girls taking part in education on common body myths. Also working to improve livelihoods, Lifebuoy soap continues to drive the largest handwashing behavioural change programme in the world, having reached 257 million people in more than 16 countries between 2010 and 2014.

 

We made less progress on the USLP target of reducing our water footprint. Research and development will be critical to finding commercially viable and sustainable ways of driving the necessary changes in consumer behaviour when using our hair and skin cleansing products.

 

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LIFEBUOY GROWTH IN 2014

 

Lifebuoy enjoyed 15% growth, helped by the re-launch in South Asia of the core range, with ANS (Activ Naturol Shield) – a patented combination of synergistic natural ingredients – proven to protect against ten infection-causing germs. We also entered China with the brand in 2014. More detailed coverage of Lifebuoy’s success and its contribution to our USLP can be found on page 24.

Personal Care is Unilever’s largest category. It includes five of Unilever’s 13 1 billion brands: global names such as Dove, Rexona, Axe, Lux and Sunsilk.

 

Sales of 17.7 billion in 2014 accounted for 37% of Group turnover and 41% of operating profit. The strategic role of the category is to generate continued excellent returns, delivering competitive growth while expanding gross margins to release further investment for future growth.

 

Our Personal Care brands serve consumers across the full range of price points, playing to the category’s historic strengths of developing markets and reaching down while very deliberately adding a new dimension to the business through accessing faster growing premium segments.

 

We also continue to expand our presence by launching our brand portfolio in new geographic markets and by improving our presence in distribution channels where we are under-represented. Our current focus is the e-commerce channel and specialist drug stores.

In 2014 the global market slowed. In this context, Personal Care achieved 3.5% growth and continued to gain market share.

 

Many of our leading brands have enjoyed success. Dove, our biggest brand, delivered another year of strong performance, driven by double-digit growth in deodorants and consistent performance in skin cleansing, which is rooted in a successful repeatable model of compelling communication and targeted innovation in bar and body wash. In hair, Dove’s success was helped by the strong start of the Advanced Hair Care range launched in the US and Europe. The brand is also building a premium offering with, for example, its new Oxygen Moisture hair care range in Europe and the launch of Dove Advanced Care solid deodorant sticks in the US.

 

We also made progress against our Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP) commitment to improve opportunities for women with the Dove Self-Esteem project, which has already reached over 15 million people. The brand partnered with the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts to launch the ‘Free Being Me’ Girl Guides badge awarded to

 

 

  REGENERATE – NEW PRODUCTS, NEW MARKETS

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Regenerate, a completely new Personal Care brand, was launched in the UK in 2014. It is a highly differentiated, oral care system based on revolutionary science and market-leading technology.

 

Regenerate is the first dental care system to regenerate tooth enamel mineral, reversing the early enamel erosion process. The products work using our patented NR-5 technology and took scientists nine years of research across our R&D facilities in Port Sunlight, Milan and Shanghai to master. At each use, the NR-5 specific ingredients combine to form a fresh supply of enamel mineral which wraps and integrates on to teeth.

 

 

 

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FOODS

 

Foods is a 12.4 billion category, home to Unilever’s largest brand, Knorr, and several 1 billion-plus brands including Hellmann’s and Family Goodness (Rama/Blue Band).

The category accounts for 25% of Group turnover and 45% of operating profit and its strategic role is to accelerate growth while maintaining above average cash and profit. To that end we continued the sale of non-core businesses, such as Ragu and Bertolli pasta sauces in North America, and the meat snacks business under the Bifi and Peperami brands in Europe, while positioning the remaining business for organic growth and expansion, especially in emerging markets.

While the category improved profitability, sales were affected by a continued deterioration in market conditions, particularly for margarine where the decline in bread consumption has had an impact on the spreads markets in Europe and North America, which remain challenging.

The underlying picture saw improved competitiveness though, with global market share gains in savoury, dressings and margarine, as well as strong performance in our Food Solutions business, which is focused on serving professional, out-of-home channels.

In savoury, Knorr continued to expand its presence in emerging markets accounting for 50% of sales, with the brand enjoying double-digit growth in South Asia, North Africa, the Middle East and Turkey. Also brands like Royco and Bango, catering to local market needs, registered good growth.

 

 

Knorr continues to spearhead the sustainability agenda in Foods, with more than 90% of our 13 most used vegetables sustainably sourced. ‘Knorr Landmark Farms’ use and promote advanced sustainable farming practices; there are 45 in operation globally, almost twice the number than in 2013, demonstrating the brand’s commitment to sustainable agriculture.

 

 

IT TAKES A VILLAGE

 

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Our Foods business plays an important role in delivering the USLP goals, particularly improving health and well-being, by delivering commercially attractive brands to meet consumer needs. In 2014 we continued the global roll-out of the ‘It Takes A Village’ initiative under leading brands such as Becel and Flora ProŸactiv.

The campaign shows that, with small changes to diet and lifestyle, cholesterol can be significantly reduced in three weeks and more than 80% of people who have participated have achieved this result.

Consumers continue to enjoy Knorr which is growing, supported by its commitment to sustainability. Our target is to source 100% of our agricultural raw materials sustainably by 2020.

In spreads, we accelerated the roll-out of our successful mélange range (blends of vegetable oils and butter), such as Rama with Butter, into 20 markets.

Overall the markets in Europe and North America remained challenging and our margarine business declined. To address this we announced the creation of a stand-alone Baking, Cooking and Spreading Business Unit in these regions, which will be fully operational by the middle of 2015. The aim is to return to growth through greater management focus, speed and agility in executing the strategy.

Growth in dressings was broad-based, thanks to positive contributions from all key brands and segments: mayonnaise, ketchup and mustard.

 

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HELLMANN’S – A WORLD-LEADING BRAND

 

Hellmann’s, the world’s No.1 mayonnaise brand, kept pushing into new markets, successfully launching in Portugal and the Netherlands. We also continued to venture into new channels and locations with the exclusive Maille brand, including a new store opening in New York, the brand’s first stand-alone boutique outside Europe.

 

 

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OUR CONSUMERS

CONTINUED

REFRESHMENT

 

Refreshment generated 9.2 billion in sales. It includes ice cream brands such as Wall’s, Magnum, Cornetto and Ben & Jerry’s, and tea brands Lipton, Brooke Bond and PG tips. Lipton, Magnum and Heartbrand (Wall’s) are all
1 billion brands.

 

The category accounts for 19% of Group
turnover and 7% of operating profit, and its strategic role is to contribute to growth and improve profitability.

 

Our ice cream brands grew well in 2014, and ahead of our markets, helped by emerging countries, with strong growth in Brazil, Turkey, Indonesia, South Africa and the Philippines.

 

 

In 2014 we fulfilled our commitment to ensure that all our children’s ice cream brands were 110 calories or less per serving, driving growth in Asia, offering a better choice for parents and contributing to our USLP goal of improving health and well-being.

 

 

North America is one of the largest geographies for ice cream where consumption is high, but the market is challenging with regional and local supermarket brands operating at low prices and

 

AISLES OF JOY

 

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Unilever’s Aisles of Joy initiative, based on the Wall’s brand, drives in-home consumption of ice cream around desserts and special occasions. It is a good example of our go-to-market expertise to ensure that Unilever brands enjoy best positioning and visibility in stores which drives ice cream sales growth.

 

Aisles of Joy has been rolled out across both developed and emerging markets. In Europe a partnership with Carrefour saw 400 stores adopt Aisles of Joy.

 

 

low margins. Although profitable growth has been tough, our business has shown the best improvement in several years. We have premiumised the portfolio, aided by innovations such as Ben & Jerry’s Cores and Breyers Gelato. Towards the end of 2014 we announced the acquisition of Talenti Gelato & Sorbetto.

 

Europe witnessed poor summer weather but we managed to grow sales and market share in a flat market. The ‘25 Year’ celebration of Magnum drove growth while innovations included downsized packs to enter the snacks market, such as the 1 Cornetto, and a responsible approach to nutrition, with all children’s ice creams now 110 calories or less. Magnum also now has more than 70% of its cocoa sustainably sourced from Rainforest Alliance certified farmers.

 

Performance in leaf tea was mixed. Our strategy is to innovate with premium, higher quality teas and new formats, such as capsules like those used in coffee machines. Lipton K-Cup® tea capsules were launched in 2013 into the US and led a growth improvement in 2014.

 

Lipton intends to grow all its tea on Rainforest Alliance certified estates by 2015. Total beverages performance was lower than expected partly due to the low momentum of AdeS growth post the product recall in 2013.

 

Our recent premium tea acquisition T2 has demonstrated strong growth in Australia and New Zealand of 26%. Globally retail sales have grown 31% in a difficult retail environment.

 

 

Last year we bought T2, a premium tea brand. In 2014 we opened T2 stores, which retail tea and tea ware products, in Shoreditch, the King’s Road and Westfield in London, and SoHo in New York, with a further eight stores planned in the UK in 2015.

 

 

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HOME CARE

 

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The category’s strategic role is to increase the value it generates for Unilever by continuing to grow ahead of the market while increasing our operating margins over time.

 

We are well positioned for growth as we look to cater to the opportunities that emerge as a result of global trends. Our footprint and strong competitive position in emerging markets are strong tailwinds and we are identifying segments that emerge. One such segment is wash additives, a segment which is already approximately 12% of the fabric cleaning market in some parts of the developed world and one we have entered in 2014 in Brazil.

 

Opportunities to upgrade consumers to newer benefits and more convenient formats not only drive growth, but also increase our operating margins by improving the mix of products we sell.

A continued focus on delivering our low-cost business model, which unlocks savings across our entire operations, will also contribute to margin expansion, giving us the confidence that we can deliver on our strategic role of increasing the value we generate for Unilever.

 

 

2014 saw the launch of wash additives in Brazil, under the Omo brand name. The product delivers a significant improvement in the quality of wash delivered in a machine, especially on stain removal, and marks our entry into the wash additives and ancillaries segments.

 

 

 

The Cleanipedia online platform, currently available in Argentina, Brazil, Indonesia, India, the UK, Russia and across the Gulf, leverages the years of experience of our household care brands, such as Cif, Domestos, Persil, Omo and Comfort, to provide advice and solutions for the specific cleaning and housekeeping needs of our consumers.

 

 

Home Care is a 9.2 billion category with nearly 80% of sales coming from emerging markets, making it well positioned for long-term growth. Its products cover fabric cleaning, with 1 billion brands such as Omo and Surf, as well as fabric conditioners such as Comfort, and household care including Domestos – a product which typifies the success of Unilever’s brands with purpose.

More on the role Domestos plays in driving social change is on page 24.

 

The category has delivered strong top line performance consistently, with growth averaging 8.1% per annum over the last four years. Even in the tough operating conditions of 2014, it has had an underlying sales growth of 5.8%, well ahead of the market. The growth has been broad-based, with our household care business continuing its strong performance, as we continued to expand our presence across markets. Laundry also grew strongly, with our biggest laundry brand Omo entering the Gulf markets in 2014.

 

Pureit, our water purification business, continued to make rapid strides, with an underlying sales growth of 20%. The acquisition of the Qinyuan business adds to our capabilities in this area, giving us greater scale and presence in China.

 

However, overall category margins were under pressure, due to a combination of competitive battles and currency devaluation in the emerging markets, which together had a significant impact on our costs.

 

 

  ECO-PACKS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

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In laundry, we are rolling out our concentrated liquid brands in eco-packs which drive growth, increase the benefit we deliver to our consumers and improve our profitability, while at the same time reducing our environmental impact.

 

Eco-packs use less plastic, meaning up to 70% less plastic used and a 50-85% reduction in greenhouse gases per consumer use. Simultaneously, a reduction in plastic

 

packaging delivers a significant cost saving, allowing us to pass on lower costs to our consumers and improve the category profitability. Overall, eco-packs have a significantly lower impact on the environment compared to traditional packaging.

 

Having launched eco-packs in the UK, Italy and Switzerland, we are aiming to launch them across Europe in 2015.

 

 

 

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SOCIETY

 

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In June 2014 Unilever, along with fellow members of the Consumer Goods Forum, called on heads of state for a binding global climate change deal. In September 2014 we helped facilitate the New York Declaration on Forests at the UN Climate Summit where more than 170 governments, companies and NGOs pledged to cut forest loss by half by 2020, end it by 2030 and restore 350 million hectares of degraded land.

 

Also in the same month, Unilever and the World Resources Institute announced a partnership aimed at increasing transparency in agricultural commodity supply chains. This will enable Unilever and our suppliers to use the Global Forest Watch Commodities platform to monitor forest cover change around commodity supply areas and processing facilities such as palm oil mills.

 

Unilever’s work in moving from commitment to action in combating deforestation has been recognised. In November, we were ranked joint first for corporate action on tackling deforestation in our sector by CDP, formerly the Carbon Disclosure Project. The CDP report was produced on behalf of 240 investors, who together represent US $15 trillion in assets, and analysed the disclosures of 152 companies from around the world. It said: “Companies that regularly respond to CDP’s forests program are now identifying many more opportunities available to them, including securing their supply chain against the risks associated with deforestation and commodity sourcing. This in turn is helping to secure shareholder value.”

 

In September 2015 the UN will agree a new set of Sustainable Development Goals. In December Paris hosts the next major UN Climate Change Summit. The close link between human development and climate will focus the world on growth that is more inclusive, sustained and sustainable.

 

With this in mind, in 2014 Unilever examined where it can bring about improvements on a larger, societal scale by creating transformational change in key areas relevant to our business. These are:

 

•  the elimination of deforestation;

•  championing sustainable agriculture and the development of smallholder farmers; and

•  improving health and hygiene through handwashing, safe drinking water and sanitation.

 

Later in this section we have highlighted new, related areas of Unilever activity under way in 2014 that are of broad benefit to society, including our work on behalf of women, which will continue to develop in the next few years.

 

THE BUSINESS CASE FOR SUSTAINABILITY

Sustainability is an integral part of our business model. It meets growing consumer preference for responsible consumption and retailers’ own sustainability targets. It acts as a catalyst for innovation, thus developing new markets, and is an inspiration to Unilever’s current and future employees.

 

Alleviating social problems, such as the lack of effective sanitation, safe drinking water and related hygiene issues, helps communities while increasing sales of brands like Domestos, Pureit and Lifebuoy.

 

Access to sustainable and plentiful raw materials reduces volatility and mitigates risk. More efficient  use of energy and the development of packaging with less plastic further reduces costs. Brand reputation is defended and enhanced.

DEFORESTATION – 2014

A DEFINING YEAR

Unilever is one of the world’s biggest buyers of palm oil as a raw material for use in a number of our Foods and Personal Care brands. Palm oil is recognised as one of the four major commodities driving deforestation, which contributes up to 15% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions.

 

We have committed to source 100% of our palm oil sustainably from certified, traceable sources by 2020. We also set ourselves the ambition that, by the end of 2014, all the palm oil we buy would be traceable to known sources. On that ambition we still have work to do but we have achieved a significant milestone in our European Foods business.

 

 

PALM OIL IN FOODS – A UNILEVER BREAKTHROUGH

 

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In 2014 we were able to announce a significant achievement that by the end of the year all palm oil directly sourced for Unilever’s European Foods business was close to 100% traceable and certified sustainable (over 98% in December 2014 and on track to be 100% by the end of March 2015).

 

On a global level Unilever is working hard to drive transparency in the palm oil supply

 

chain. We now have visibility of about 1,800 crude palm oil mills, representing around two thirds of all mills in the global palm oil industry. We can also demonstrate traceability to a consumer product, which five years ago appeared unachievable. This represents a considerable breakthrough for Unilever and the food industry generally.

 

Unilever is determined to work with the palm oil industry to drive deforestation out of its supply chain. Knowing the origin of palm oil is vital to halt deforestation.

 

We want to build on our progress in Europe by repeating the achievement internationally. One of the next steps is our new processing plant in Sei Mangke, Indonesia. The plant is a significant investment to source palm oil from known and certified sources for our global use.

 

 

 

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SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF

SMALLHOLDER FARMERS

In 2014 Unilever enhanced its Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP) by introducing new pillars to its goal of enhancing livelihoods. These were: fairness in the workplace, where we will advance human rights across our operations and extended supply chain; opportunities for women, where we will empower 5 million women by 2020; and inclusive business, where we will have a positive impact on the lives of 5.5 million people by 2020.

This latter commitment includes improving livelihoods of smallholder farmers and links directly to our USLP goal of reducing our environmental impact through sustainable sourcing.

Around half of Unilever’s raw materials come from farms or forests so sustainable agriculture is a strategic priority.

Smallholder farmers produce 70% of the world’s food and make up 85% of the world’s farmers. Most grow their crops on less than two hectares and are often cut off from training so lack knowledge of how to maximise incomes by improving their agricultural practices. Many of our smallholder farmers are women.

Through our own supply chain, our suppliers and our NGO partners, we are providing help and training to 800,000 smallholders to enable them to adopt sustainable practices. This helps them to increase yields, increase profits, invest and become more competitive

 

 

The tax Unilever pays is an important part of its wider economic impact and plays a key role in the development of countries where we operate. We are supportive of international tax reform and believe public trust in tax systems for companies is essential. We have published a set of global tax principles covering issues including transfer pricing, use of tax havens and relationships with tax authorities that represent good corporate practice. They also balance the interests of our various stakeholders.

 

 

 

 

while Unilever benefits from better yields, sustainably produced crops and security of raw material supply. However, assessing the impact of our programmes on farmers’ livelihoods is a complex area and our challenge is to find a practical and cost-effective means to demonstrate this.

Our Unilever Sustainable Agriculture Code is used by our own suppliers to drive these improvements but it is also a benchmark for other companies and organisations encouraging broader change.

In February 2014 we signed a five-year partnership with the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) to improve the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. Signed by IFAD President Kanayo F Nwanze and our CEO, Paul Polman, the partnership aims to help improve food security, by raising agricultural productivity and linking farmers to markets.

In January 2014, we signed a partnership with our supplier, Symrise, and overseas development agency GIZ to source vanilla from Madagascar. The programme is set to benefit 4,000 farmers in 32 villages.

In 2014 we published our Responsible Sourcing Policy (RSP). The RSP embodies our commitment to conduct business with integrity, openness, and respect for universal human rights and core labour principles. The RSP breaks new ground by defining a ‘continuous improvement ladder’ to help our suppliers move from a base level of ‘do no harm’ to ‘good practice’ and ultimately up to ‘best practice’ and as such is intended progressively to replace our Supplier Code in our dealings with key suppliers. The new code has been introduced to the

SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY

 

LOGO

 

Unilever is one of the world’s biggest tea suppliers with brands such as Lipton, PG tips and Brooke Bond. We are helping to safeguard the world’s tea supply through an R&D programme to cultivate sustainable varieties.

 

Our partnership with Nature Source Genetics uses plant breeding to meet global demand while supporting communities that rely on the crop for income. The aim is to enhance productivity, quality and overall sustainability, and help stem any decline in crop diversity that could limit its ability to withstand drought, disease and pests.

supply base through communications and engagement from Procurement, and also through targeted events in critical markets such as Brazil, China and Vietnam.

 

LOGO

 

 

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SOCIETY

CONTINUED

    

 

 

DOMESTOS – IMPROVING SANITATION AND SALES

 

LOGO

 

Domestos has led our efforts on sanitation in partnership with UNICEF. Our brand, together with the Unilever Foundation, supports UNICEF’s Community Approaches to Total Sanitation (CATS) programme which aims to eliminate open defecation by changing people’s behaviour and promoting demand for sanitation. Domestos contributed 5% of its average proceeds from specially marked bottles on sale in certain markets to UNICEF. Domestos sales continue to grow strongly and were up 7.3% in 2014.

WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE

In his first Independence Day address in 2014, Narendra Modi, India’s new Prime Minister, made a commitment that by 2019 every Indian would have access to a toilet. The promise highlights that about 2.5 billion people globally are without access to adequate sanitation, good hygiene and safe drinking water. There are still 46 countries in the world where less than half the population has access to adequate sanitation facilities. 800,000 children die every year from diarrhoea caused by unsafe water, and poor sanitation and hygiene.

Transformational change is needed to combat these issues. Unilever is uniquely placed to help because of our expertise in consumer behaviour change, our global reach and our portfolio of health and hygiene brands,

including Domestos, Lifebuoy and Pureit, our water purifier. However, bringing about widespread, sustainable behaviour change is not something we can do alone, so we need to work closely with governments, NGOs, academia and funding partners to increase our reach and impact.

In 2014 we committed to help 25 million people gain improved access to a toilet by 2020. By helping people who don’t have a toilet to get one and by promoting the benefits of using a clean toilet, we will open new markets and drive demand for our products.

Lifebuoy has long championed the health benefits of handwashing with soap and aims to change the hygiene behaviour of 1 billion consumers across Asia, Africa and Latin America. To achieve this ambition, we have to find ways to scale up our programmes: we need to develop lower cost, mass-scale behaviour change approaches and expand our partnerships and co-investment models. Lifebuoy has enjoyed four years of sequential double-digit sales growth.

EMPOWERING WOMEN

Women are the majority of our consumer base and their purchasing decisions are pivotal to our growth. They are strongly represented in our agricultural supply chains and in the distribution of our brands to market. At the same time we are a large employer and need the best available talent to succeed in our business goals.

But women around the world face discrimination and disadvantage, lack access to skills and training, and face obstacles to economic participation.

Our approach starts with respect for the rights of women, such as safety, and extends to their promotion as well as helping to develop skills and open opportunities, both in our own operations, where 43% of managers are women, and in our value chain.

To this end we are implementing the UN Women’s Empowerment Principles across our business. These principles reinforce the direct action we are also taking as a business.

 

LOGO

 

 

We believe we can create a brighter future for our children. Project Sunlight is a growing community of people who believe it is possible to build a world where everyone lives well and lives sustainably. The campaign continues to engage people in programmes that can help to contribute to a #brightfuture – almost 180 million ‘acts of sunlight’ were pledged by the end of December 2014.

LOGO   www.projectsunlight.com

 

 

For instance in Sekondi, Ghana, a three-day workshop by the Unilever Ghana Foundation taught 60 women how to think and act like entrepreneurs, coached them in bookkeeping procedures, and cash and working capital management. This brings to more than 700 the number of women trained in Ghana and supports Unilever’s commitment to empower 5 million women by 2020.

To date we have trained and recruited more than 3,400 women from nearly 1,100 villages in Pakistan as part of the Guddi Baji (‘Good Sister’) programme. This initiative helps increase sales as well as generating sustainable incomes for women through the sale of Unilever hygiene and personal care brands and through the provision of beauty services to other local women.

In India, recruiting and training more women entrepreneurs (Shakti Ammas) were central to our rural expansion in 2014, reaching more remote villages.

Our programmes also help young women and men. Our Wall’s team has developed a youth employment programme, known as ‘Feet on the Street’, to help tackle the youth jobless rate in Europe while driving our growth agenda by bringing ice cream to the streets. Wall’s provides tools and equipment, such as trikes or push carts and freezers, to enable a micro-entrepreneur to run his or her own mini-business selling ice cream and also to provide young people with their first job experience. In Portugal, Spain and Italy, 250 seasonal jobs were also created to enhance livelihoods while boosting ice cream sales. Our ambition is to have 50,000 micro-entrepreneurs by 2020 with a potential contribution to turnover of more than 100 million.

 

 

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OUR PEOPLE

    

    

LOGO

 

To achieve Unilever’s Vision of doubling the size of its business, reducing its environmental footprint and increasing its positive social impact, we need to ensure the talent in the business today can realise these ambitions in future.

Some years ago we set three priorities for the development of our employees around the world. They were to:

 

  build depth of capability and leadership;
  live our values and build a performance culture; and
  build an agile, flexible and diverse organisation.

These priorities still underpin everything we do. Our people are also the embodiment of the Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP) – without their commitment and belief, the business could not achieve the plan’s three main goals of improving health and well-being, reducing our environmental impact and enhancing livelihoods. More than 75% of employees say they can contribute to the USLP in their roles and help realise our Vision.

 

LOGO

EMPLOYER OF CHOICE

 

Unilever is the No.1 most sought-after FMCG employer and is a Top 3 most sought-after global employer according to LinkedIn’s Most in Demand Employers Index 2014.

BUILDING TALENT AND LEADERS FOR THE FUTURE

Two growth drivers have been implementing a robust talent and leadership programme suitable for a business doubling in size, and developing the necessary skills for the business.

We support these with activities that together develop Unilever’s capability and leadership, and make it an agile, flexible and diverse organisation with the right values and culture.

Engagement scores among our managers who participated in our Global People Survey (GPS) in 2014 remain very high at 75%, while engagement across our whole employee population has risen by two percentage points to 77% since last measured in 2012.

EMPLOYER OF CHOICE

Our status as Employer of Choice in the FMCG sector is at an all-time high. We enjoy this status in 32 countries around the world. This compares to just three in 2009 and 26 in 2013.

This independent measure reveals our success at engaging with future leaders which has been driven in part by our Future Leaders League. This is a global competition in which universities around the world send a representative team of undergraduates to our Four Acres campus in Singapore. They are each set a demanding case study to run one of our brands, which in 2014 was TRESemmé, with a strong sustainability theme.

All participants interact with senior management, including our CEO, Paul Polman, and receive first-hand insights into business and leadership. They learn what it’s like to contribute to a business and build ideas.

 

Future Leaders League started with teams from ten countries competing in 2013. In 2014 this was increased to teams from 22 countries.

UNILEVER 2020

Critical to our success are leaders equipped to deliver our Vision and USLP. Our new leadership programme, UL2020, based at the Four Acres site, is designed to meet this need by developing leaders with the insight and imagination to anticipate the challenges and opportunities in the world of 2020.

Guided and supported by some of the world’s top thought leaders, UL2020 identifies some of Unilever’s most critical challenges and asks small, diverse leadership teams to create solutions. These projects, called Purpose to Impact Initiatives, are structured programmes that deliver individual and wider business development consistent with our commercial and social aims.

Recent programmes have focused on topics such as the Muslim consumer opportunity, leveraging mobile for our business, and linking business development and job creation. UL2020 is unlocking groundbreaking ways of working and new leadership skills, while delivering results that help to define our future.

 

UNILEVER HEROES

 

LOGO

Every year, our people nominate ‘Unilever heroes’ for work that brings our Purpose to life. Anila Gopal, Global Social Mission Manager for Lifebuoy, based in India, is a Unilever hero. She is helping to run the world’s largest handwashing behaviour change programme that demonstrates how using soap could help save children from deadly, but preventable, diseases.

 

 

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OUR PEOPLE

CONTINUED

    

    

 

PROVIDING FUEL FOR

BUSINESS GROWTH

Key to this initiative has been delivering the Fit To Win programme. Activity has taken place throughout the business to make it leaner, more agile and more efficient with resources aligned behind the growth priorities.

We continued the implementation of Project Half for Growth which is how we have been simplifying the organisation and our work processes. It follows the principle of half the time, half the process, double the speed.

We identified key internal processes where time and effort could be reduced. A significant saving was the time spent on Performance & Development Planning assessments. By reducing and simplifying the number of steps involved, we saved an estimated 200,000 employee hours.

Elsewhere, over 2013-14, there has been a 51% reduction in the number of internal reports prepared for leadership teams, releasing time to focus on more productive activity. We also simplified the GPS which we ask all employees to complete annually, enabling us to cut the time individuals spent completing the survey significantly.

 

In 2013 we successfully ran the Winning Together Campaign to drive more inclusive and efficient ways of working among teams in the organisation. Building on that, in 2014 we launched a second campaign called Time Saving Idea to make simplification a habit and encouraged employees to try simple time-saving ideas. As a result more than 10,000 ideas were tried and rated by our employees.

CAPABILITIES FOR THE FUTURE

During 2013-14 we completed 30 Talent & Organisation assessments in 69 countries, across four categories and three functions, to identify global themes and risks that need addressing and the capabilities required.

Key issues include replenishing the talent pipeline as we promote people. We need new talent in the business and to accelerate their development. We need to improve mid-career attrition and female attrition. Improved maternity programmes have been introduced to address this latter issue.

We also invested in building the capabilities of our people across the business.

 

 

 

 

OUR SAFETY RECORD

 

LOGO

 

Our aim is to improve the safety and well-being not only of our employees, but also of the wider community in which Unilever operates, with our Vision Zero strategy – zero fatalities, zero injuries, zero motor vehicle accidents, zero process incidents, zero tolerance of unsafe behaviour and practices – serving as our foundation. To meet our commitments, we assess and reduce risk through a variety of programmes, including our continued work to address behaviour safety, process safety, safe travel and construction safety.

 

In 2014, we introduced a step change in our Safe Travel programme. With more people on the road than ever before, including many in developing countries where there is a higher risk of car accidents, we released a revised and

 

 

 

 

strengthened travel standard that includes programmes and strategies specifically targeted at high and medium risk locations. By the middle of 2015, we will also have in place a mandatory global ban on using all hand-held and hands-free mobile phone devices while driving on company business.

 

This year saw considerable advancement in our behavioural-based approach to health and safety, with 84% of our manufacturing and 38% of our non-manufacturing sites now having rolled out the first phase of the BeSafE programme. This includes training 79 master coaches and 91 trainers, who have in turn trained more than 1,840 employees.

 

2014 also saw some challenges. Our overall safety performance, as measured by the Total Recordable Frequency Rate (TRFR), increased slightly from 1.03 to 1.05 per 1 million hours worked due to a spike in injury rates in the first quarter of the year. With a renewed focus on safety programmes and initiatives, in co-operation with our project partners, injury rates have been brought back down since the first quarter.

The Marketing Fit To Win programme put in place the DOIT approach which aims to drive greater interdependence and improved collaboration within the Marketing function. All our marketeers attended DOIT workshops to understand roles and relationships better. This is key to tackling barriers and achieving faster, brand-led growth.

In the supply chain we have taken a broad approach to building capabilities for our employees. This includes a host of skills development programmes for blue and white collar employees. Training in core skills is mandatory across 130 roles. Skill assessments are completed every two years and the data is used to understand and address specific gaps across roles, capabilities and geographies.

We also ran a Manufacturing Leadership Development programme to improve the skills of our factory leaders who fulfil pivotal roles.

 

LOGO

BESAFE PROGRAMME

 

By the end of 2014 we had rolled out the first phase of our BeSafE programme to 84% of our manufacturing sites and 38% of our non-manufacturing sites globally.

DIVERSITY

Women are Unilever’s core consumers, controlling nearly two thirds of consumer spending, so it’s important that we represent them in our workforce. In fact, 2014 marks five years since we began the process of building an agile and diverse Unilever and making sure we have the right gender balance throughout the organisation.

By the end of 2014, over 43% of our managers were women, up from 38% in 2010. The hard work we are doing to retain more women in our workforce by promoting flexible working, women’s networks, job shares and maternity and paternity support is paying benefit and will remain a focus area.

As at 31 December 2014, around 117,559 (68%) of our global workforce of 172,471 employees were male and 54,912 (32%) female.

 

 

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However, challenges remain. We have not made sufficient progress among the top 110 executive managers in the business, a group where just under 20% are women. If you include employees who are statutory directors of the corporate entities whose financial information is included in the Group’s 2014 consolidated accounts in this Annual Report and Accounts, the number increases to 592 males and 157 (21%) females.

We are pleased though that 36% (five out of 14) of the Board are female which is over 40% of the Non-Executive Directors.

MENTAL HEALTH AND RESILIENCE

In 2014 we paid particular attention to mental health initiatives. The rising incidence of mental ill health in the UK is reflected in our absence data. Help and support on nutrition, sleep, exercise and mindfulness all improve the day-to-day well-being of employees. A robust framework with support tools is now in place and is being rolled out across the organisation.

HUMAN RIGHTS

In 2014 we published our Human Rights Policy Statement which contains overarching principles which are embedded into our policies and systems. A full version of the document can be read at www.unilever. com/humanrightspolicystatement.

We believe that business can only flourish in societies where human rights are protected and respected. We recognise that business has the responsibility to respect human rights and has the ability to contribute to a positive impact on human rights.

This is an area of growing importance to our employees, shareholders, customers, consumers, the communities where we operate and civil society groups.

 

 

We promote human rights by upholding values and standards in our operations, with suppliers and through initiatives such as the UN Global Compact.

 

 

 

A PERFECT VILLAGE

 

LOGO

 

 

 

 

A team in Nigeria looked at how to bring the concept of a Perfect Village to life in Africa, embracing broad areas such as water, health, hygiene, nutrition, women’s empowerment and smallholder farming. They developed a strategy we can take forward globally. Their work took them from the classroom to the field as they brought their pilot programme to life.

 

There is therefore both a business and a moral case for ensuring that human rights are upheld across our operations and our value chain. In giving effect to our Human Rights Policy Statement, we continue to raise awareness, build capacity and engage with others to address root causes and provide remedies where needed.

 

In 2014 we strengthened the enhancing livelihoods ambition of the USLP. An integral part of this is our implementation of the UN Guiding Principle on Business and Human Rights and our public reporting on this. We also committed to enhancing access to

 

training and skills for women and to advancing women’s rights. A key aspect of this has been our safety programme for women and girls, with the involvement of men and boys, which we have begun at our tea plantation in Kericho, Kenya, in response to reports of sexual harassment in 2013. The programme is being rolled out to other locations. More information on our progress on women’s rights is in the Society section on pages 22 to 24, with full details to be published in our Sustainable Living Report 2014 which will be found on www.unilever.com/sustainable-living in May 2015.

 

LOGO

 

 

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OUR SHAREHOLDERS

    

OUR TRACK RECORD

 

This Strategic Report lays out how Unilever’s business works, the highlights of 2014 and the underlying importance of the Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP), to ensure that our business will remain relevant to future generations of consumers and investors. The following pages reveal how this adds up to sustainable value for shareholders.

Our financial growth model is based on applying all the levers of value creation. Underlying sales growth, core operating margin improvement and efficient financial management all contribute to growth in earnings per share and free cash flow, from which we pay dividends to our shareholders or reinvest in the business. We aim for these dividends to be attractive, growing and sustainable over time.

 

The USLP is embedded into our business model. It helps to drive long-term shareholder value by:

  driving growth through innovations that bring new sustainability benefits to consumers and retailers;
  reducing waste and energy and thereby saving cost; and
  managing risk in our supply chain, for example by securing long-term sustainable sourcing of materials.

 

 

 

Over the period 2010-14 underlying sales grew by an average of 4.9% per year, which was ahead of our markets, and core operating margin grew by an average of 0.25 percentage points per year. Core earnings per share has grown by an average of 9% per year at current

exchange rates and 11% per year at constant exchange rates. We have delivered an average free cash flow of 3.5 billion. Dividends have increased by an average of 8% per year over this time.

 

 

LOGO

 

Underpinning our financial performance are our strong brands, with 13 1 billion brands at our core, accounting for 53% of turnover, and 57% of our business is in the emerging markets which offer the greatest long-term growth opportunity. We have a ‘grow everywhere’ mindset with action in place to evolve our brand portfolio into more premium segments of existing markets, enter new geographies, and seek new consumers to add to the 2 billion we serve every day.

Our growth model is enabled by a leaner, fitter, more agile Unilever, with costs being reduced through our supply chain efficiency programmes. These have been boosted by our low-cost business model initiative, which has delivered 450 million of savings since 2011.

Our supply chain was recognised in 2014 by Gartner as No.1 in the FMCG industry and the overall No.1 supply chain in Europe. Our go-to-market performance has sharpened. The on-shelf availability of our brands has improved 2.2% in 2014 with more than 8.5 million shops now enrolled in our Perfect Stores programme.

Our award-winning marketing expertise has positioned us well in the most popular media channels, be they traditional print and broadcast, online video and social media, or creating our own content for distribution through mobile devices in emerging markets.

 

LOGO

PORTFOLIO EVOLUTION

 

Personal Care is now our largest category at 37% of sales. Unilever has been reclassified to the Personal Products subsector from the Food Products subsector by the Industry Classification Benchmark Panel. The reclassification provides a more accurate stock market definition for our business, reflecting our strategy to evolve the portfolio to ensure Unilever continues to deliver sustainable long-term returns for our shareholders.

 

 

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DEVELOPMENTS IN 2014

 

 

Our long-term track record of delivery for shareholders continued during 2014 despite some significant challenges in the business environment. These included continued weak consumer demand in developed markets, slowing demand in emerging markets and currency devaluations in many countries. The resilience of our business and the broad nature of our brand portfolio and geographic reach enabled us to deliver a year of steady progress in slower markets.

In a lower growth environment we stepped up our cost savings initiatives. We accelerated Project Half for Growth which is simplifying the business and reducing costs, particularly in overheads. As a result we were able to continue to invest in sustained brand and marketing investment and deliver underlying sales growth ahead of our markets and a further improvement in core operating margin.

We took action to reshape our portfolio to ensure we have the right mix of brands to address growth opportunities today and in the future.

 

 

Continuing our policy of enhancing earnings for shareholders with a more simple capital structure, we announced in May 2014 the £715 million purchase of rights left in family trusts by Lord Leverhulme. These were convertible in 2038 into 70,875,000 Unilever PLC ordinary shares and were bought for the equivalent of £10.09 per share. We estimate that annualised core earnings per share will be enhanced by 2% as a result.

 

 

 

In March 2014 Unilever announced the issuance of our first ever green sustainability bond which raised £250 million. The fixed rate notes pay a coupon of 2% and are due for repayment in 2018. The proceeds are being deployed on projects which support the achievement of the goals of the USLP in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, water usage and production of waste.

 

 

 

In June 2014 we sold the Ragu and Bertolli pasta sauces business in North America for approximately US $2.15 billion to Mizkan Group. In Europe we disposed of our meat snacks business to Jack Link’s. We also sold our Royal pasta brand in the Philippines for US $48 million and our SlimŸFast business in the US.

On the acquisition front, in March 2014 we bought a majority stake in the Qinyuan Group, a leading Chinese water purification business. Qinyuan generated sales of 163 million in the year to 31 December 2014.

In December 2014 we bought Talenti Gelato & Sorbetto in the US. Founded in 2003, Talenti has grown into the best-selling packaged gelato in the US with products made from the finest ingredients, using artisanal methods. Talenti generated sales of more than US $126 million in the year to 31 December 2014. We also committed to acquire the skin cleansing brands Camay, globally, and Zest outside North America and the Caribbean. Our Mexican market position will be a particular beneficiary of these deals.

We are also taking action to make sure that we get the most out of our core business by making sharper choices within our existing category portfolio and addressing areas of under-performance. For example, we have set a clear target to double our core operating margin in Home Care over the coming years, as this is a category where profitability is relatively low. We also announced a new stand-alone business unit for European and North American spreads, where turnover has been declining. The new unit, called Baking, Cooking and Spreading, will be fully in place by the middle of 2015. It will bring greater focus, address new growth opportunities, and has a clear objective to stabilise sales while maintaining strong cash delivery.

 

LOGO

 

 

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OUR SHAREHOLDERS

CONTINUED

LOGO

 

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FINANCIAL REVIEW 2014

    

    

 

LOGO

FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 2014

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT

Turnover at 48.4 billion decreased 2.7%, including a negative impact from both foreign exchange, of 4.6%, and acquisitions net of disposals of 0.9%. Underlying sales growth was 2.9% (2013: 4.3%), balanced between volume growth of 1.0% (2013: 2.5%) and pricing of 1.9% (2013: 1.8%). Emerging markets, consistent at 57% of total turnover, were down 2.2% at reported exchange rates, with underlying sales growth of 5.7% versus 8.7% in the prior year. Developed markets underlying sales declined by 0.8%. Globally, our markets grew by around 2.5% with flat volumes.

Core operating margin was up 0.4 percentage points to 14.5%. Gross margin declined by 0.2 percentage points to 41.4%. This was driven by increased costs in emerging markets, largely currency related, partly offset by pricing, savings and margin-accretive innovation. Commodity costs increased around 4%, at constant exchange rates, as devaluing currencies have imported inflation into local raw material production partially offset by cost savings.

Significant efficiencies in the cost of producing advertising allowed us to increase our share of spend while maintaining brand and marketing investment at 14.8%. Overheads were reduced by 0.6 percentage points largely due to saving initiatives such as Project Half for Growth and some favourable one-off items such as property sales in India.

Operating profit was 8.0 billion, compared with 7.5 billion in 2013, up 6%. The increase was driven by non-core items which were a net credit of 960 million (2013: 501 million). Included within non-core items was the gain on disposal of the Ragu and Bertolli pasta sauces business and the Bifi and Peperami brands. We sold the SlimŸFast business and recognised an impairment charge of 305 million on the related assets within non-core items.

  Highlights for the year ended 31 December

     2014        2013        
 

 

%
change

 

  
  

 

 

  Turnover ( million)

  

 

48,436     

     49,797         (2.7

  Operating profit ( million)

   7,980           7,517         6   

  Core operating profit ( million)*

   7,020           7,016           

  Profit before tax ( million)

   7,646           7,114         7   

  Net profit ( million)

   5,515           5,263         5   

  Diluted earnings per share ()

   1.79           1.66         8   

  Core earnings per share ()*

 

  

1.61     

 

    

 

1.58

 

  

 

    

 

2

 

  

 

The cost of financing net borrowings in 2014 was 383 million versus 397 million in 2013. The average interest rate on borrowings was 3.5% and the average return on cash deposits was 3.8%. Pensions financing was a charge of 94 million versus a charge of 133 million in the prior year.

The effective tax rate was 28.2%, higher than 26.4% in 2013 due to the impact of business disposals. Our longer term expectation remains around 26%.

Net profit from joint ventures and associates, together with other income from non-current investments, contributed 143 million compared to 127 million in 2013. Diluted earnings per share for the full year was up 8% at 1.79. Core earnings per share were 1.61, up 2% from 1.58 in 2013 after a 9% currency headwind.

 

 

The independent auditors’ reports issued by KPMG Accountants N.V. and KPMG LLP, on the consolidated results of the Group, as set out in the financial statements, were unqualified and contained no exceptions or emphasis of matter. For more details see pages 79 to 83 of the Governance and Financial Report.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS. The critical accounting policies and those that are most significant in connection with our financial reporting are set out in note 1 on pages 88 and 89 of the Governance and Financial Report and are consistent with those applied in 2013.

 

 

 

* Certain measures used in our reporting are not defined under IFRS. For further information about these measures, please refer to the commentary on non-GAAP measures on pages 34 and 35.
 

 

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FINANCIAL REVIEW 2014

CONTINUED

    

 

LOGO

 

PERSONAL CARE

       2014           2013        
 

 

%
Change

 

  
  

 

 

Turnover ( million)

     17,739           18,056         (1.8

Operating profit ( million)

     3,259           3,078         5.9   

Core operating profit ( million)

     3,325           3,206         3.7   

Core operating margin (%)

     18.7           17.8         0.9   

Underlying sales growth (%)

     3.5           7.3      

Underlying volume growth (%)

     1.2           5.5      

Effect of price changes (%)

 

    

 

2.3  

 

  

 

    

 

1.7

 

  

 

        

FOODS

       2014            2013       

 

 

%

Change

 

  

  

 

 

Turnover ( million)

     12,361            13,426        (7.9

Operating profit ( million)

     3,607            3,064        17.7   

Core operating profit ( million)

     2,305            2,377        (3.0

Core operating margin (%)

     18.6            17.7        0.9   

Underlying sales growth (%)

     (0.6)           0.3     

Underlying volume growth (%)

     (1.1)           (0.6  

Effect of price changes (%)

 

    

 

0.6   

 

  

 

    

 

0.9

 

  

 

       
 

 

KEY DEVELOPMENTS

  Personal Care delivered another year of underlying growth, although exchange rate movements (5.0%) led to turnover decreasing on last year. Underlying sales growth, at 3.5%, remained above our markets which slowed to around 3% for the year. Volume growth was lower than the previous year due to the slowdown of global markets and high competitive intensity. Growth benefited from a strong set of new product launches such as the Dove Advanced Hair Series and compressed deodorants in Europe.
  Core operating profit improved by 119 million over the prior year despite a 300 million reduction from exchange rate movements. Underlying sales growth contributed 189 million while improved margin added 230 million. Margin improvement was driven by our savings programmes, an improved mix from margin accretive innovation and savings in the cost of producing advertising, which is highest in Personal Care.

KEY DEVELOPMENTS

  Foods turnover declined primarily due to exchange rate movements (3.9%) and business disposals (3.6%) including the Ragu and Bertolli pasta sauces business. Savoury and dressings both grew but spreads declined due to lower consumer demand for margarine in Europe and North America. We gained market share in margarine but this was insufficient to offset the decline of the category which also saw price deflation in a benign commodity cost environment.
  Core operating profit was 72 million lower than the prior year after a 95 million adverse impact from exchange rates, a reduction of 105 million from disposals and a 23 million reduction from declining underlying sales. Improved margin added 152 million driven by savings in supply chain costs and our overheads reduction programme, particularly in Europe where we have a large Foods business.
 

 

REFRESHMENT

       2014           2013       

 

 

%

Change

 

  

  

 

 

Turnover ( million)

       9,172             9,369        (2.1

Operating profit ( million)

     538           851        (36.8

Core operating profit ( million)

     811           856        (5.3

Core operating margin (%)

     8.8           9.1        (0.3

Underlying sales growth (%)

     3.8           1.1     

Underlying volume growth (%)

     2.0           (1.8  

Effect of price changes (%)

 

    

 

1.8  

 

  

 

    

 

2.9

 

  

 

       

HOME CARE

       2014           2013        

 

 

%

Change

 

  

  

 

 

Turnover ( million)

       9,164             8,946         2.4   

Operating profit ( million)

     576           524         9.9   

Core operating profit ( million)

     579           577         0.3   

Core operating margin (%)

     6.3           6.4         (0.1

Underlying sales growth (%)

     5.8           8.0      

Underlying volume growth (%)

     2.4           5.7      

Effect of price changes (%)

 

    

 

3.4  

 

  

 

    

 

2.1

 

  

 

        
 

KEY DEVELOPMENTS

  Refreshment turnover declined due to exchange rate movements (4.6%) and business disposals (1.6%), primarily SlimŸFast, offset by acquisitions of 0.4%, primarily Talenti Gelato & Sorbetto. Underlying sales growth was driven by good volume growth in ice cream due to a strong innovation programme. The more premium brands like Ben & Jerry’s and Magnum grew particularly well. Cornetto also had a strong year with multi-media advertising building the core brand and new smaller products launched at lower price points. Tea grew, with a better performance in the US offsetting weaker sales in Russia and Poland.
  Core operating profit was 45 million lower than the prior year due to underlying sales growth, which added 80 million, offset by a 73 million adverse impact of exchange rates and a 41 million reduction due to disposals. Margins declined, reducing profit by 11 million, as higher dairy and chocolate prices were not fully recovered by pricing and savings.

KEY DEVELOPMENTS

  Home Care turnover showed strong underlying growth, supported by the impact of the Qinyuan acquisition in March of 1.8%, but this was partially offset by exchange rate movements (4.8%). This is the result of a strong portfolio of brands across price points, the depth of our distribution and sustained investment in product performance. We have successfully extended the Omo brand into Saudi Arabia and the Gulf, and we have launched a range of Omo stain removers and pre-treaters in Brazil.
  Core operating profit at 579 million was broadly unchanged on last year after an adverse 84 million from exchange rates was offset by underlying sales growth adding 100 million with acquisitions adding 5 million. Decreasing margin reduced profit by 19 million as gross margins were impacted by cost increases from weaker currencies in emerging markets which were not fully offset by pricing and savings. There was a strong improvement in the second half of the year, which was boosted by gains from property sales in India.
 

 

32                Strategic Report   Unilever Annual Report and Accounts 2014


Table of Contents

    

    

    

CASH FLOW

 

LOGO   Net cash flow from operating activities and free cash flow were down by 0.8 billion mainly due to tax on disposal profits which were 0.8 billion versus 0.2 billion in 2013. Year-end working capital was in line with the prior year. Our net capital expenditure of 2.0 billion, or 4.2% of turnover, reflects the investment in capacity to support our growing business.

 

     

 million

2014

 

    

 million

2013

 

 
Operating profit      7,980         7,517   

Depreciation, amortisation and impairment

     1,432         1,151   

Changes in working capital

     8         200   

Pensions and similar obligations less payments

     (364      (383

Provisions less payments

     32         126   

Elimination of (profits)/losses on disposals

     (1,460      (725

Non-cash charge for share-based compensation

     188         228   

Other adjustments

     38         (15
Cash flow from operating activities      7,854         8,099   

Income tax paid

     (2,311      (1,805

Net capital expenditure

     (2,045      (2,027

Net interest and preference dividends paid

     (398      (411
Free cash flow      3,100         3,856   
Net cash flow (used in)/from investing activities      (341      (1,161
Net cash flow (used in)/from financing activities      (5,190      (5,390

The net outflow from investing activities was 0.8 billion lower than the previous year. While net capital expenditure and interest were broadly unchanged, the net inflow of acquisitions, disposals and other investing activities increased 0.8 billion compared with 2013. The increase was principally driven by the disposal of the Ragu and Bertolli pasta sauces business partially offset by the acquisition of Qinyuan and Talenti Gelato & Sorbetto.

Net cash outflow from financing activities was 0.2 billion lower than the prior year. Of the 5.2 billion outflow, 3.2 billion was used to fund our dividend payments and 0.9 billion to purchase the rights left in trust by the first Viscount Leverhulme. The prior year included 2.5 billion in relation to the acquisition of an increased stake in Hindustan Unilever Limited as well as an increase in borrowings of 1.3 billion, which was flat in 2014.

BALANCE SHEET

In the year to December 2014, Unilever’s combined market capitalisation rose from 83.8 billion to 93.9 billion.

Goodwill and intangible assets increased by 1.3 billion mainly due to business acquisitions and currency movements. All material goodwill and indefinite-life intangible assets have been tested for impairment. An impairment charge of 0.3 billion was recognised assets related to the SlimŸFast business as part of the disposal. Increases in other non-current assets of 1.0 billion were driven by capital expenditure and favourable currency movements.

     

 million

2014

 

    

 million

2013

 

 

Goodwill and intangible assets

     22,174         20,904   

Other non-current assets

     13,506         12,487   

Current assets

     12,347         12,122   
Total assets      48,027         45,513   

Current liabilities

     19,642         17,382   

Non-current liabilities

     14,122         13,316   
Total liabilities      33,764         30,698   

Shareholders’ equity

     13,651         14,344   

Non-controlling interest

     612         471   

Total equity

     14,263         14,815   
Total liabilities and equity      48,027         45,513   

Current assets were up 0.2 billion largely due to the impact of currency. Cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheet amounted to 2.2 billion compared to 2.3 billion at the end of 2013. Closing net debt was 9.9 billion versus 8.5 billion as at 31 December 2013. The increase was driven by payment of dividends, the repurchase of the Leverhulme Estate shares and adverse currency movements, offset by free cash flow generated by operations and net cash inflow from acquisitions and disposals.

Current liabilities were 2.3 billion higher mainly driven by an increase in current financial liabilities of 1.4 billion due to bonds maturing in 2015 and by the impact of currency and other underlying movements of 0.9 billion.

Non-current liabilities (excluding pensions) were broadly flat with increases as a result of currency offset by a decrease in financial liabilities due to the bond movements noted above. During the year the following bonds matured and were repaid: (i) US $750 million 3.65%, (ii) Renminbi 300 million 1.15%, and (iii) £350 million 4.00%. On 20 February 2014, we issued Renminbi 300 million 2.95% fixed rate notes due February 2017. On 19 March 2014 we issued £250 million 2% fixed rate notes due December 2018.

The net movement in assets and liabilities for all pension arrangements during the year was as follows:

     

 million

2014

 

 

1 January

     (1,977

Current service cost

     (259

Employee contributions

     16   

Actual return on plan assets (excluding interest)

     1,316   

Net interest cost

     (94

Actuarial loss

     (3,026

Employer contributions

     537   

Currency retranslation

     (137

Other movements(1)

     53   

31 December

     (3,571

 

(1)  Other movements relate to special termination benefits, past service costs including losses/(gains) on curtailment, settlements and reclassification of benefits. For more detail see Governance and Financial Report note 4B on page 96.

The overall net liability for all pension arrangements was 3.6 billion at the end of 2014, up 1.6 billion from the end of 2013. The increase in the net obligation reflects the impact of changes in actuarial assumptions, largely due to decreases in the discount rates, partially offset by returns on plan assets. Cash expenditure on pensions was 0.7 billion, the same as in the prior year.

 

 

Unilever Annual Report and Accounts 2014   Strategic Report                33


Table of Contents

FINANCIAL REVIEW 2014

CONTINUED

    

 

 

FINANCE AND LIQUIDITY

We concentrate cash in the parent and central finance companies for maximum flexibility. These companies provide loans to our subsidiaries that are also funded through retained earnings and third-party borrowings. We maintain access to global debt markets through an infrastructure of short and long-term debt programmes. We make use of plain vanilla derivatives, such as interest rate swaps and foreign exchange contracts, to help mitigate risks. More detail is provided on pages 114 to 119 of our Governance and Financial Report.

Approximately 1.7 billion (or 81%) of the Group’s cash and cash equivalents are held in foreign subsidiaries which repatriate distributable reserves on a regular basis. For most countries this is done through dividends free of tax. In a few countries we face cross-border foreign exchange controls and/or other legal restrictions that inhibit our ability to make these balances available in any means for general use by the wider business. The amount of cash held in these countries was 452 million (2013: 243 million, 2012: 220 million). The cash will generally be invested or held in the relevant country and, given the other capital resources available to the Group, does not significantly affect the ability of the Group to meet its cash obligations.

We closely monitor all our exposures and counter-party limits. Unilever has committed credit facilities in place for general corporate purposes. The undrawn bilateral committed credit facilities in place on 31 December 2014 were US $6,550 million.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AT 31 DECEMBER 2014

million

 

  

Total

 

    

Due

within

1 year

 

    

Due in

1-3

years

 

    

Due in

3-5

years

 

    

Due in

over

5 years

 

 
Total contractual obligations(1)      19,015         6,812         4,016         2,623         5,564   

 

(1)  Included within total contractual obligations are long-term debt, interest on financial liabilities, operating lease obligations, purchase obligations for raw and packing materials and finished goods, finance leases and other long-term obligations (not including pensions).

Further details are set out in the Governance and Financial Report in the following notes to the consolidated financial statements: note 10 on pages 105 and 106, note 15C on pages 112 and 113, and note 20 on pages 124 to 125. Unilever is satisfied that its financing arrangements are adequate to meet its working capital needs for the foreseeable future. In relation to the facilities available to the Group, borrowing requirements do not fluctuate materially during the year and are not seasonal.

AUDIT FEES

Included within operating profit is 14 million (2013: 21 million) paid to the external auditor, of which 14 million (2013: 16 million) related to statutory audit services. Remuneration of the external auditor in respect of 2014 was payable to KPMG while in respect of 2013 it was payable to PricewaterhouseCoopers.

NON-GAAP MEASURES

Certain discussions and analyses set out in this Annual Report and Accounts include measures which are not defined by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) such as IFRS. We believe this information, along with comparable GAAP measurements, is useful to investors because it provides a basis for measuring our operating performance, ability to retire debt and invest in new business opportunities. Our management uses these financial measures, along with the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, in evaluating our operating performance and value creation. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information presented in compliance with GAAP.

Non-GAAP financial measures as reported by us may not be comparable with similarly titled amounts reported by other companies.

In the following sections we set out our definitions of the following non-GAAP measures and provide reconciliations to relevant GAAP measures:

 

  underlying sales growth;
  underlying volume growth;
  core operating profit and core operating margin;
  core earnings per share (core EPS);
  free cash flow; and
  net debt.

UNDERLYING SALES GROWTH (USG)

Underlying sales growth (USG) refers to the increase in turnover for the period, excluding any change in turnover resulting from acquisitions, disposals and changes in currency. The impact of acquisitions and disposals is excluded from USG for a period of 12 calendar months from the applicable closing date. Turnover from acquired brands that are launched in countries where they were not previously sold is included in USG as such turnover is more attributable to our existing sales and distribution network than the acquisition itself.

The reconciliation of USG to changes in the GAAP measure turnover is as follows:

 

TOTAL GROUP   

 

2014

vs 2013

    

2013

vs 2012

 

Underlying sales growth (%)

     2.9         4.3   

Effect of acquisitions (%)

     0.4           

Effect of disposals (%)

     (1.3      (1.1

Effect of exchange rates (%)

     (4.6      (5.9

Turnover growth (%)(a)

     (2.7      (3.0
PERSONAL CARE   

 

2014
vs 2013

    

2013

vs 2012

 

Underlying sales growth (%)

     3.5         7.3   

Effect of acquisitions (%)

               

Effect of disposals (%)

     (0.1      (0.2

Effect of exchange rates (%)

     (5.0      (6.8

Turnover growth (%)(a)

     (1.8      (0.2
FOODS   

 

2014

vs 2013

    

2013

vs 2012

 

Underlying sales growth (%)

     (0.6      0.3   

Effect of acquisitions (%)

               

Effect of disposals (%)

     (3.6      (3.7

Effect of exchange rates (%)

     (3.9      (3.8

Turnover growth (%)(a)

     (7.9      (7.0
REFRESHMENT   

 

2014

vs 2013

    

2013

vs 2012

 

Underlying sales growth (%)

     3.8         1.1   

Effect of acquisitions (%)

     0.4         0.1   

Effect of disposals (%)

     (1.6        

Effect of exchange rates (%)

     (4.6      (4.7

Turnover growth (%)(a)

     (2.1      (3.7
 

 

34                Strategic Report   Unilever Annual Report and Accounts 2014


Table of Contents

    

    

 

 

 

HOME CARE   

 

2014

vs 2013

    

2013

vs 2012

 

Underlying sales growth (%)

     5.8         8.0   

Effect of acquisitions (%)

     1.8         0.1   

Effect of disposals (%)

               

Effect of exchange rates (%)

     (4.8      (8.6

Turnover growth (%)(a)

     2.4         (1.2

 

(a)  Turnover growth is made up of distinct individual growth components namely underlying sales, currency impact, acquisitions and disposals. Turnover growth is arrived at by multiplying these individual components on a compounded basis as there is a currency impact on each of the other components. Accordingly, turnover growth is more than just the sum of the individual components.

UNDERLYING VOLUME GROWTH (UVG)

Underlying volume growth (UVG) is part of USG and means, for the applicable period, the increase in turnover in such period calculated as the sum of (i) the increase in turnover attributable to the volume of products sold; and (ii) the increase in turnover attributable to the composition of products sold during such period. UVG therefore excludes any impact to USG due to changes in prices.

The relationship between the two measures is set out below:

 

     

2014

vs 2013

    

2013

vs 2012

 

Underlying volume growth (%)

     1.0         2.5   

Effect of price changes (%)

     1.9         1.8   

Underlying sales growth (%)

     2.9         4.3   

CORE OPERATING PROFIT AND CORE OPERATING MARGIN

Core operating profit and core operating margin mean operating profit and operating margin, respectively, before the impact of business disposals, acquisition and disposal related costs, impairments and other one-off items, which we collectively term non-core items, due to their nature and frequency of occurrence.

The reconciliation of core operating profit to operating profit is as follows:

 

     

 million

2014

   

 million

2013

 

Operating profit

     7,980        7,517   

Acquisition and disposal related cost

     97        112   

(Gain)/loss on disposal of group companies

     (1,392     (733

Impairments and other one-off items

     335        120   

Core operating profit

     7,020        7,016   

Turnover

     48,436        49,797   

Operating margin

     16.5     15.1

Core operating margin

     14.5     14.1

Further details of non-core items can be found in note 3 on page 92 of the Governance and Financial Report.

CORE EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Group also refers to core earnings per share (core EPS). In calculating core earnings, net profit attributable to shareholders’ equity is adjusted to eliminate the post tax impact of non-core items. Refer to note 7 on page 102 of the Governance and Financial Report for reconciliation of core earnings to net profit attributable to shareholders’ equity.

FREE CASH FLOW (FCF)

Within the Unilever Group, free cash flow (FCF) is defined as cash flow from operating activities, less income taxes paid, net capital expenditures and net interest payments and preference dividends paid. It does not represent residual cash flows entirely available for discretionary purposes; for example, the repayment of principal amounts borrowed is not deducted from FCF. Free cash flow reflects an additional way of viewing our liquidity that we believe is useful to investors because it represents cash flows that could be used for distribution of dividends, repayment of debt or to fund our strategic initiatives, including acquisitions, if any.

The reconciliation of FCF to net profit is as follows:

 

     

 million

2014

    

 million

2013

 
Net profit      5,515         5,263   

Taxation

     2,131         1,851   

Share of net profit of joint ventures/associates and other income from non-current investments

     (143      (127

Net finance costs

     477         530   

Depreciation, amortisation and impairment

     1,432         1,151   

Changes in working capital

     8         200   

Pensions and similar obligations less payments

     (364      (383

Provisions less payments

     32         126   

Elimination of (profits)/losses on disposals

     (1,460      (725

Non-cash charge for share-based compensation

     188         228   

Other adjustments

     38         (15
Cash flow from operating activities      7,854         8,099   

Income tax paid

     (2,311      (1,805

Net capital expenditure

     (2,045      (2,027

Net interest and preference dividends paid

     (398      (411
Free cash flow      3,100         3,856   

Net cash flow (used in)/from investing activities

     (341      (1,161

Net cash flow (used in)/from financing activities

     (5,190      (5,390
     

NET DEBT

Net debt is defined as the excess of total financial liabilities, excluding trade and other payables, over cash, cash equivalents and current financial assets, excluding trade and other receivables. It is a measure that provides valuable additional information on the summary presentation of the Group’s net financial liabilities and is a measure in common use elsewhere.

 

The reconciliation of net debt to the GAAP measure total financial liabilities is as follows:

 

  

       

   

     

 million

2014

    

 million

2013

 

Total financial liabilities

 

    

 

(12,722

 

 

    

 

(11,501

 

 

Current financial liabilities

     (5,536      (4,010

Non-current financial liabilities

     (7,186      (7,491

Cash and cash equivalents as per balance sheet

 

    

 

2,151

 

  

 

    

 

2,285

 

  

 

Cash and cash equivalents as per cash flow statement

     1,910         2,044   

Add bank overdrafts deducted therein

     241         241   
Other current financial assets      671         760   
Net debt      (9,900      (8,456
 

 

Unilever Annual Report and Accounts 2014   Strategic Report                35


Table of Contents

   OUR PRINCIPAL RISKS

 

   

 

Our business is subject to risks and uncertainties. On the following pages we have identified risks that we regard as the most relevant to our business. These are the risks that we see as material to Unilever’s business and performance at this time. There may be other risks that could emerge in the future. Further details of risks and mitigating factors can be found on pages 49 to 53.

 

LOGO  pages 49 to 53 of the Governance and Financial Report

 

   

 

PRINCIPAL RISK

     DESCRIPTION OF RISK
   

 

BRAND PREFERENCE

 

      
   

As a branded goods business, Unilever’s success depends on the value and relevance of our brands and products to consumers across the world and on our ability to innovate and remain competitive.

      

Consumer tastes, preferences and behaviours are constantly changing and Unilever’s ability to anticipate and respond to these changes and to continue to differentiate our brands and products is vital to our business.

 

We are dependent on creating innovative products that continue to meet the needs of our consumers. If we are unable to innovate effectively, Unilever’s sales or margins could be materially adversely affected.

 

   

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT

 

      
    Unilever’s strategic investment choices will affect the long-term growth and profits of our business.       

Unilever’s growth and profitability are determined by our portfolio of categories, geographies and channels and how these evolve over time. If Unilever does not make optimal strategic investment decisions then opportunities for growth and improved margin could be missed.

 

   

 

SUSTAINABILITY

 

      
    The success of our business depends on finding sustainable solutions to support long-term growth.       

Unilever’s Vision to double the size of our business while reducing our environmental footprint and increasing our positive social impact will require more sustainable ways of doing business. This means reducing our environmental footprint while increasing the positive social benefits of Unilever’s activities. We are dependent on the efforts of partners and various certification bodies to achieve our sustainability goals. There can be no assurance that sustainable business solutions will be developed and failure to do so could limit Unilever’s growth and profit potential and damage our corporate reputation.

 

   

 

CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS

 

      
    Successful customer relationships are vital to our business and continued growth.       

Maintaining strong relationships with our customers is necessary for our brands to be well presented to our consumers and available for purchase at all times.

 

The strength of our customer relationships also affects our ability to obtain pricing and secure favourable trade terms. Unilever may not be able to maintain strong relationships with customers and failure to do so could negatively impact the terms of business with the affected customers and reduce the availability of our products to consumers.

 

   

 

TALENT

 

      
    A skilled workforce is essential for the continued success of our business.       

Our ability to attract, develop and retain the right number of appropriately qualified people is critical if we are to compete and grow effectively.

 

This is especially true in our key emerging markets where there can be a high level of competition for a limited talent pool. The loss of management or other key personnel or the inability to identify, attract and retain qualified personnel could make it difficult to manage the business and could adversely affect operations and financial results.

 

   

 

SUPPLY CHAIN

 

      
    Our business depends on purchasing materials, efficient manufacturing and the timely distribution of products to our customers.       

Our supply chain network is exposed to potentially adverse events such as physical disruptions, environmental and industrial accidents or bankruptcy of a key supplier which could impact our ability to deliver orders to our customers.

 

The cost of our products can be significantly affected by the cost of the underlying commodities and materials from which they are made. Fluctuations in these costs cannot always be passed on to the consumer through pricing.

 

   

 

SAFE AND HIGH QUALITY PRODUCTS

 

      
    The quality and safety of our products are of paramount importance for our brands and our reputation.       

The risk that raw materials are accidentally or maliciously contaminated throughout the supply chain or that other product defects occur due to human error, equipment failure or other factors cannot be excluded.

 

   

 

SYSTEMS AND INFORMATION

 

      
    Unilever’s operations are increasingly dependent on IT systems and the management of information.       

We interact electronically with customers, suppliers and consumers in ways which place ever greater emphasis on the need for secure and reliable IT systems and infrastructure and careful management of the information that is in our possession.

 

Disruption of our IT systems could inhibit our business operations in a number of ways, including disruption to sales, production and cash flows, ultimately impacting our results.

 

There is also a threat from unauthorised access and misuse of sensitive information. Unilever’s information systems could be subject to unauthorised access or the mistaken disclosure of information which disrupts Unilever’s business and/or leads to loss of assets.

 

 

36                Strategic Report   Unilever Annual Report and Accounts 2014


Table of Contents

    

    

 

   

 

PRINCIPAL RISK

       DESCRIPTION OF RISK
   

 

BUSINESS TRANSFORMATION

 

      
   

Successful execution of business transformation projects is key to delivering their intended business benefits and avoiding disruption to other business activities.

      

Unilever is continually engaged in major change projects, including acquisitions and disposals and outsourcing, to drive continuous improvement in our business and to strengthen our portfolio and capabilities.

 

Failure to execute such transactions or change projects successfully, or performance issues with third party outsourced providers on which we are dependent, could result in under-delivery of the expected benefits. Furthermore, disruption may be caused in other parts of the business.

 

   

 

EXTERNAL ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL RISKS AND NATURAL DISASTERS

 

      
    Unilever operates across the globe and is exposed to a range of external economic and political risks and natural disasters that may affect the execution of our strategy or the running of our operations.       

Adverse economic conditions may result in reduced consumer demand for our products, and may affect one or more countries within a region, or may extend globally.

 

Government actions such as fiscal stimulus, changes to taxation and price controls can impact on the growth and profitability of our local operations.

 

Social and political upheavals and natural disasters can disrupt sales and operations.

 

In 2014, more than half of Unilever’s turnover came from emerging markets including Brazil, India, Indonesia, Turkey, South Africa, China, Mexico and Russia. These markets offer greater growth opportunities but also expose Unilever to economic, political and social volatility in these markets.

 

   

 

TREASURY AND PENSIONS

 

      
    Unilever is exposed to a variety of external financial risks in relation to Treasury and Pensions.       

Changes to the relative value of currencies can fluctuate widely and could have a significant impact on business results. Further, because Unilever consolidates its financial statements in euros it is subject to exchange risks associated with the translation of the underlying net assets and earnings of its foreign subsidiaries.

 

We are also subject to the imposition of exchange controls by individual countries which could limit our ability to import materials paid in foreign currency or to remit dividends to the parent company.

 

Currency rates, along with demand cycles, can also result in significant swings in the prices of the raw materials needed to produce our goods.

 

Unilever may face liquidity risk, ie difficulty in meeting its obligations, associated with its financial liabilities. A material and sustained shortfall in our cash flow could undermine Unilever’s credit rating, impair investor confidence and also restrict Unilever’s ability to raise funds.

 

We are exposed to market interest rate fluctuations on our floating rate debt. Increases in benchmark interest rates could increase the interest cost of our floating rate debt and increase the cost of future borrowings.

 

In times of financial market volatility, we are also potentially exposed to counter-party risks with banks, suppliers and customers.

 

Certain businesses have defined benefit pension plans, most now closed to new employees, which are exposed to movements in interest rates, fluctuating values of underlying investments and increased life expectancy. Changes in any or all of these inputs could potentially increase the cost to Unilever of funding the schemes and therefore have an adverse impact on profitability and cash flow.

 

   

 

ETHICAL

 

      
    Acting in an ethical manner, consistent with the expectations of customers, consumers and other stakeholders, is essential for the protection of the reputation of Unilever and its brands.       

Unilever’s brands and reputation are valuable assets and the way in which we operate, contribute to society and engage with the world around us is always under scrutiny both internally and externally. Despite the commitment of Unilever to ethical business and the steps we take to adhere to this commitment, there remains a risk that activities or events cause us to fall short of our desired standard, resulting in damage to Unilever’s corporate reputation and business results.

 

   

 

LEGAL AND REGULATORY

 

      
    Compliance with laws and regulations is an essential part of Unilever’s business operations.       

Unilever is subject to local, regional and global laws and regulations in such diverse areas as product safety, product claims, trademarks, copyright, patents, competition, employee health and safety, the environment, corporate governance, listing and disclosure, employment and taxes.

 

Failure to comply with laws and regulations could expose Unilever to civil and/or criminal actions leading to damages, fines and criminal sanctions against us and/or our employees with possible consequences for our corporate reputation.

 

Changes to laws and regulations could have a material impact on the cost of doing business. Tax, in particular, is a complex area where laws and their interpretation are changing regularly, leading to the risk of unexpected tax exposure.

 

 

Unilever Annual Report and Accounts 2014   Strategic Report                37


Table of Contents

SUMMARY REMUNERATION REPORT

CHAIRMAN’S LETTER

 

 

DEAR SHAREHOLDERS,

I am pleased to report that our Remuneration Policy was adopted at the 2014 NV and PLC AGMs with strong levels of support and remains unchanged for 2015.

REMUNERATION POLICY – AVAILABLE ON OUR WEBSITE

To simplify this year’s report we have chosen not to repeat our Remuneration Policy, which is available on our website. To reflect the reward decisions taken for 2015 by the Compensation Committee we have updated the supporting information in the remuneration policy table and other contextual information.

LOGO   www.unilever.com/ara2014/downloads

BUSINESS PERFORMANCE AND REMUNERATION OUTCOMES FOR 2014

ANNUAL BONUS – A YEAR OF RESILIENT PERFORMANCE

During the year Unilever faced an increasingly challenging external environment. In addition to fierce competition, we also saw weakening consumer demand across many parts of the world and increasing external volatility. The business responded to the combination of these events with resilience by heightening focus on cost control and margin improvement. Although our overall underlying sales growth lowered to 2.9% we continued to outperform our markets, as we have done consistently since Paul Polman’s appointment as CEO. Through rigorous control of overheads, we delivered a core operating margin improvement of 0.4 percentage points despite adverse currency movements. With the quality of these results in mind, the Committee exercised its judgement to uplift the annual bonus outcome from 68% to 80% of target and decided to pay a bonus of 132% of salary (66% of maximum) to the CEO, Paul Polman, and a bonus of 88% of salary (59% of maximum) to the CFO, Jean-Marc Huët. The Committee believes that these awards fairly reflect the performance delivered in 2014. This consistency in performance delivery, now established over the last six years, shows that Unilever is building a more resilient company. We are better able to withstand the challenges of an increasingly uncertain business environment because we are moving towards a business model with long-term sustainability at its core.

GSIP AND MCIP – STRONG FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OVER THE LAST THREE YEARS

Over the past three years, Unilever has again delivered very strong financial performance. Underlying sales growth during this period was 4.7% per annum. Core operating margin improvement over the period was an average of 0.37 percentage points per year, demonstrating management’s drive for consistent top and bottom line growth. Unilever has also generated very strong operating cash in the period, with cumulative operating cash flow of 15.5 billion. Total shareholder return (TSR) over this three-year period was below the performance of our peers, and, as a result, no part of the GSIP and MCIP awards related to TSR will vest. The Committee believes the outcomes of the long-term share incentive plans represent a fair reflection of Unilever’s underlying performance over the last three years. On the basis of this performance, the Committee determined that the GSIP awards to the end of 2014 together with MCIP awards, which were granted to Executive Directors for the first time in 2012, will vest at 121% of initial award levels (ie 61% of maximum for GSIP and 81% of maximum awards for MCIP, which is capped at 150%).

EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS TURN DOWN SALARY INCREASES FOR 2015

In our 2011 Directors’ Remuneration Report, the Committee drew shareholders’ attention to our concern that the CEO’s salary was positioned at the lower end of market practice compared to similar sized UK and European companies. At that time the Committee stated that it would look to make further increases, as appropriate, to address this over the next few years. Since then, largely at the CEO and CFO’s own insistence, we have consistently awarded less of a salary increase than we believed was merited by the performance of the Executive Directors. Having held their salaries steady for longer than intended and in view of the sustained track record of performance delivery, the Committee recommended, and the Boards approved, salary increases for the CEO and CFO with effect from January 2015. In making these recommendations the Committee considered the strong performance of Unilever and alignment, both to increases in pay for the broader employee population and externally. The CEO and CFO have turned down the salary increases recommended by the Committee for 2015.

STRATEGIC LINKAGE OF REWARD TO BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

As in previous years, the Committee continues to use performance-based incentives to drive the business towards delivering sustainable long-term value for shareholders. For 2015, the Committee has decided to focus on the importance of cash generation in an environment of lower global growth rates by replacing underlying volume growth with growth in free cash flow (FCF) as a performance measure for the annual bonus, in alignment with our strategy as set out earlier in this Report. FCF is a widely reported metric used to evaluate Unilever’s in-year performance. For our shareholders, cash is an important driver of value creation, allowing us to pay attractive and sustainable dividends while continuing to invest in the business.

The performance measures for our long-term share incentive plans remain unchanged for the 2015-2017 performance cycle. Even though FCF is our primary cash measure, we use operating cash flow (OCF) as the cash measure in our long-term incentive plans as it better represents underlying long-term performance at constant exchange rates. To better describe long-term management performance, OCF is also adjusted to exclude the impact of cash inflows and outflows resulting from M&A activity and the impact of pension contributions and interest costs on external borrowings.

For reasons of commercial sensitivity, our practice is to disclose the target ranges for performance measures together with the outcomes of incentive plans at the end of the respective performance period.

In 2015 the Committee plans to undertake a further review of our remuneration framework to ensure that it continues to be fully aligned with Unilever’s business strategy and enables us to respond quickly to the rapidly changing markets in which we operate. Specifically, we will be looking for opportunities to simplify reward arrangements and also to strengthen the linkage between executive pay and the creation of sustainable longer-term shareholder value. To the extent that changes are proposed, the Committee will consult with key shareholders to get their feedback in advance of recommending changes to shareholders.

Paul Walsh

Chairman of the Compensation Committee

 

 

38                Strategic Report Unilever Annual Report and Accounts 2014


Table of Contents

    

    

    

 

 

The following sets out how Unilever’s Remuneration Policy, to be found at www.unilever.com/ara2014/downloads, was implemented in 2014. Further details of remuneration can be found on pages 62 to 77 of the Governance and Financial Report.

SINGLE FIGURE OF REMUNERATION IN 2014 FOR EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS (AUDITED)

The table below shows a single figure of remuneration for each of our Executive Directors, for the years 2013 (restated to reflect the final value of GSIP performance shares on the date of vesting) and 2014.

 

                                                                               
        Paul Polman     Jean-Marc Huët  
        CEO (UK)     CFO (UK)  
        (’000)     (’000)  
          2014     2013
(Restated)
    2014     2013
(Restated)
 

(A) Base salary (1)

    1,251        1,189        885        841   

(B) Fixed allowances and other benefits (2)

    787        700        377        594   

(C) Annual bonus

    1,652        1,864        778        879   

Long-term incentives

  (D) MCIP matching shares – (required by UK law)     1,803        n/a        370        n/a   
  (E) GSIP performance shares – (required by UK law)     3,923        3,798        3,022        2,630   

Long-term incentives (sub-total)

    5,726        3,798        3,392        2,630   

(F) Conditional supplemental pension (3)

    145        138        n/a        n/a   

Total remuneration paid – (required by UK law) (A+B+C+D+E+F)

    9,561        7,689        5,432        4,944   

(G) Share awards (required by Dutch law) (4)

    4,206        4,069        2,249        2,652   

Total remuneration paid – (required by Dutch law) (A+B+C+F+G)

        8,041        7,960            4,289        4,966   

Where relevant, amounts for 2014 have been translated into euros using the average exchange rate over 2014 (1 = £0.8071), excluding amounts in respect of long-term incentive plans which have been translated into euros using the exchange rate at vesting date (1 = £0.7383). Amounts for 2013 have been translated into euros using the average exchange rate over 2013 (1 = £0.8492), excluding amounts in respect of GSIP which have been translated into euros using the exchange rate at vesting date (1 = £0.8351).

 

(1)  Salary set in sterling and paid in 2014: CEO – £1,010,000 and CFO – £714,000.
(2)  Includes the fixed allowance, medical insurance cover and actual tax return preparation costs, provision of death-in-service benefits and administration, payment to protect against difference between employee social security obligations in country of residence versus UK (not applicable to Jean-Marc Huët) and Paul Polman’s notional gain due to exercising his options under the Unilever 2005 Share Save Plan.
(3)  Conditional supplemental pension provision agreed with Paul Polman on hiring, which is conditional on his remaining in employment with Unilever to age 60 and subsequently retiring from active service or his death or total disability prior to retirement. This was £117,123 based on 12% of a capped salary of £976,028 for 2014.
(4)  As per the Dutch requirements, these costs are non-cash costs and relate to the expenses recognised for the period following IFRS 2. This is based on share prices on grant dates, a 98% adjustment factor for GSIP shares and MCIP matching shares awarded in 2014, 2013 and 2012.

SINGLE FIGURE OF REMUNERATION IN 2014 FOR NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS (AUDITED)

The table below shows a single figure of remuneration for each of our Non-Executive Directors, for the years 2013 and 2014.

 

                                                                                               
     2014      2013  
                 Total                  Total  
     Fees (a)      Benefits (b)      remuneration         Fees (a)      Benefits (b)      remuneration   
Non-Executive Director    ’000     ’000     ’000      ’000     ’000     ’000  

Michael Treschow(c)

     654        3        657         637        1        638   

Laura Cha

     101               101         62               62   

Louise Fresco(d)

     113               113         106               106   

Ann Fudge

     101        11        112         103        17        120   

Charles Golden(e)

     42               42         101        14        115   

Byron Grote(f)

     125               125         127        2        129   

Mary Ma

     107               107         66               66   

Sunil Bharti Mittal(g)

                           32               32   

Hixonia Nyasulu

     107               107         102        12        114   

Sir Malcolm Rifkind

     101               101         103               103   

John Rishton

     107               107         66               66   

Feike Sijbesma

     15        1        16         n/a        n/a        n/a   

Kees Storm(h)

     196        3        199         191               191   

Paul Walsh(i)

     113        2        115         119               119   

Total

     1,882        20        1,902         1,815        46        1,861   

 

(a)  This includes fees received from both NV in euros and PLC in sterling for both 2013 and 2014 respectively. Includes basic Non-Executive Director fee and Committee chairmanship and/or membership.
(b)  The only benefit received relates to travel by spouses or partners where they are invited by Unilever.
(c)  Chairman.
(d)  Chair, Corporate Responsibility Committee.
(e)  Chose not to put himself forward for re-election at the May 2014 AGMs.
(f)  Chair, Audit Committee.
(g)  Chose not to put himself forward for re-election at the May 2013 AGMs.
(h)  Vice-Chairman and Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.
(i)  Chair, Compensation Committee.
 

 

Unilever Annual Report and Accounts 2014   Strategic Report                39


Table of Contents

SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

FINANCIAL CALENDAR

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETINGS

 

      Date              Voting Record date              Voting & Registration date  

 

NV

 

    

 

1.30pm 29 April 2015

 

  

 

    

 

1 April 2015

 

  

 

    

 

22 April 2015

 

  

 

 

PLC

 

    

 

1.30pm 30 April 2015

 

  

 

    

 

 

  

 

    

 

28 April 2015

 

  

 

QUARTERLY DIVIDENDS

Dates listed below are applicable to all four Unilever listings (NV ordinary shares, PLC ordinary shares, NV New York shares, and PLC ADRs).

 

          NV NY and PLC ADR     NV and PLC              
     Announced     ex-dividend date     ex-dividend date     Record date     Payment date  
Quarterly dividend announced with the Q4 2014 results     20 January 2015        4 February 2015        5 February 2015        6 February 2015        11 March 2015   
Quarterly dividend announced with the Q1 2015 results     16 April 2015        22 April 2015        23 April 2015        24 April 2015        3 June 2015   
Quarterly dividend announced with the Q2 2015 results     23 July 2015        5 August 2015        6 August 2015        7 August 2015        9 September 2015   
Quarterly dividend announced with the Q3 2015 results     15 October 2015        28 October 2015        29 October 2015        30 October 2015        9 December 2015   
PREFERENTIAL DIVIDENDS – NV          
            Announced     Ex-dividend date     Record date     Payment date  

 

6% and 7%

 

         

 

 

 

 

23 July 2015

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

6 August 2015

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

7 August 2015

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

9 September 2015

 

 

  

 

 

CONTACT DETAILS

Unilever N.V. and Unilever PLC

100 Victoria Embankment

London EC4Y 0DY

United Kingdom

Institutional Investors telephone   +44 (0)20 7822 6830

Any queries can also be sent to us electronically via

www.unilever.com/resource/contactus

Private Shareholders can email us at

shareholder.services@unilever.com

SHARE REGISTRATION

THE NETHERLANDS

SGG Netherlands N.V.

Claude Debussylaan 24

1082 MD Amsterdam

Telephone   +31 (0)20 522 25 55
Telefax   +31 (0)20 522 25 00
Website   www.sgggroup.com
Email   registers@sgggroup.com

 

UK

Computershare Investor Services PLC

The Pavilions

Bridgwater Road

Bristol BS99 6ZZ

Telephone   +44 (0)870 600 3977
Telefax   +44 (0)870 703 6101
Website   www.investorcentre.co.uk/contactus
Email   webcorres@computershare.co.uk

 

US

American Stock Transfer & Trust Company

Operations Center

6201 15th Avenue

Brooklyn, NY 11219

Toll-free number   +1 (800) 937-5449
Direct dial   +1 718 921 8124
Email   DB@amstock.com

WEBSITE

Shareholders are encouraged to visit our website www.unilever.com which has a wealth of information about Unilever.

There is a section designed specifically for investors at www.unilever.com/investorrelations. It includes detailed coverage of the Unilever share price, our quarterly and annual results, performance charts, financial news and investor relations speeches and presentations. It also includes conference and investor/analyst presentations.

You can also view this year’s Annual Report and Accounts, and prior years’ Annual Review and Annual Report and Accounts documents, at www.unilever.com/investorrelations.

PLC shareholders can elect to receive their shareholder communications such as the Annual Report and Accounts and other shareholder documents electronically by registering at www.unilever.com/shareholderservices.

PUBLICATIONS

The Strategic Report is only part of the Annual Report and Accounts 2014 and, together with the governance section of the Governance and Financial Report, constitutes the report of the Directors within the meaning of Section 2:391 of the Dutch Civil Code. Copies of the Strategic Report, the Governance and Financial Report, and the public documents referred to below can be accessed directly or ordered through www.unilever.com/investorrelations.

UNILEVER ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS 2014

The Unilever Annual Report and Accounts 2014 comprises the Strategic Report and the Governance and Financial Report which is available in English with figures in euros. It forms the basis for the Form 20-F that is filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, which is also available free of charge at www.sec.gov.

QUARTERLY RESULTS ANNOUNCEMENTS

Available in English with figures in euros.

 

 

40                Strategic Report   Unilever Annual Report and Accounts 2014


Table of Contents

 

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT

This document may contain forward-looking statements, including ‘forward-looking statements’ within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as ‘will’, ‘aim’, ‘expects’, ‘anticipates’, ‘intends’, ‘looks’, ‘believes’, ‘vision’, or the negative of these terms and other similar expressions of future performance or results, and their negatives, are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based upon current expectations and assumptions regarding anticipated developments and other factors affecting the Group. They are not historical facts, nor are they guarantees of future performance.

Because these forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, there are important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Among other risks and uncertainties, the material or principal factors which cause actual results to differ materially are: Unilever’s global brands not meeting consumer preferences; Unilever’s ability to innovate and remain competitive; Unilever’s investment choices in its portfolio management; inability to find sustainable solutions to support long-term growth; customer relationships; the recruitment and retention of talented employees; disruptions in our supply chain; the cost of raw materials and commodities; the production of safe and high quality products; secure and reliable IT infrastructure; successful execution of acquisitions, divestitures and business transformation projects; economic and political risks and natural disasters; financial risks; failure to meet high and ethical standards; and managing regulatory, tax and legal matters. Further details of potential risks and uncertainties affecting the Group are described in the Group’s filings with the London Stock Exchange, Euronext Amsterdam and the US Securities and Exchange Commission, including in the Group’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended 31 December 2014 and the Annual Report and Accounts 2014. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this document. Except as required by any applicable law or regulation, the Group expressly disclaims any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in the Group’s expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.

This document is not prepared in accordance with US GAAP and should not therefore be relied upon by readers as such. The Group’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2014 is separately filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission and is available on our corporate website www.unilever.com.

In addition, a printed copy of the Annual Report on Form 20-F is available, free of charge, upon request to Unilever, Investor Relations Department, 100 Victoria Embankment, London EC4Y 0DY, United Kingdom.

This report comprises regulated information within the meaning of Sections 1:1 and 5:25c of the Act on Financial Supervision (“Wet op het financieel toezicht (Wft)”) in the Netherlands.

The brand names shown in this report are trademarks owned by or licensed to companies within the Unilever Group.

References in this document to information on websites (and/or social media sites) are included as an aid to their location and such information is not incorporated in, and does not form part of, the Annual Report and Accounts 2014 or Annual Report on Form 20-F with the exception of the explanations and disclaimers which can be accessed via KPMG’s website: www.kpmg.com/uk/auditscopeukco2014b, which is incorporated into the Auditor’s Report in the Annual Report and Accounts 2014 as if set out in full.

 

 

Designed and produced by Unilever Communications in conjunction with Addison Group at www.addison-group.net.

Photography by Samuel Olusegun Ajayi, Angga Aria, Oliver Edwards, Igor Emmerich, Philip Gatward, Angelo Giampiccolo, Michael Heffernan, Frans Lemmens, Atul Loke, Chris Moyse, Suwit Ngaokaew, Muhittin Tüylüce, Rian Ardi Wakito, Martin Wanyoike, Jessie Watford, Aht Yomyai, Yan Zhen, The Pack Shot Company and from the Unilever image library and content hub.

Printed at Pureprint Group, ISO 14001. FSC® certified and CarbonNeutral®.

This document is printed on Amadeus 100% Recycled Silk and Offset. These papers have been exclusively supplied by Denmaur Independent Papers which has offset the carbon produced by the production and delivery of them to the printer.

These papers are 100% recycled and manufactured using de-inked post-consumer waste. All the pulp is bleached using an elemental chlorine free process (ECF). Printed in the UK by Pureprint using its alcofree® and pureprint® environmental printing technology. Vegetable inks were used throughout. Pureprint is a CarbonNeutral® company. Both the manufacturing mill and the printer are registered to the Environmental Management System ISO 14001 and are Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC) chain-of-custody certified.

If you have finished with this document and no longer wish to retain it, please pass it on to other interested readers or dispose of it in your recycled paper waste. Thank you.

 

LOGO


Table of Contents

LOGO


Table of Contents

 

LOGO


Table of Contents

CONTENTS

 

GOVERNANCE   
Corporate governance   41   
Risks   49   
Biographies   54   
Report of the Audit Committee   56   
Report of the Corporate Responsibility Committee   58   
Report of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee   60   
Directors’ Remuneration Report   62   
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS   
Statement of Directors’ responsibilities   78   
Independent auditors’ reports   79   
Consolidated income statement   84   
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income   84   
Consolidated statement of changes in equity   85   
Consolidated balance sheet   86   
Consolidated cash flow statement   87   
Notes to the consolidated financial statements   88   
   1 Accounting information and policies   88   
   2 Segment information   90   
   3 Gross profit and operating costs   92   
   4 Employees   93   
4A Staff and management costs   93   
4B Pensions and similar obligations   93   
4C Share-based compensation plans   98   
   5 Net finance costs   99   
   6 Taxation   100   
6A Income tax   100   
6B Deferred tax   100   
6C Tax on other comprehensive income   102   
   7 Combined earnings per share   102   
   8 Dividends on ordinary capital   103   
   9 Goodwill and intangible assets   103   
 10 Property, plant and equipment   105   
 11 Other non-current assets   106   
 12 Inventories   107   
Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)
 13 Trade and other current receivables   107   
 14 Trade payables and other liabilities   108   
 15 Capital and funding   109   
15A Share capital   110   
15B Equity   111   
15C Financial liabilities   112   
 16 Treasury risk management   114   
16A Management of liquidity risk   114   
16B Management of market risk   116   
16C Derivatives and hedging   118   
 17 Investment and return   119   
17A Financial assets   120   
17B Credit risk   121   
 18 Financial instruments fair value risk   121   
 19 Provisions   123   
 20 Commitments and contingent liabilities   124   
 21 Acquisitions and disposals   125   
 22 Assets and liabilities held for sale   127   
 23 Related party transactions   127   
 24 Purchase of Estate shares convertible to Unilever PLC shares in 2038   128   
 25 Remuneration of auditors   128   
 26 Events after the balance sheet date   128   
 27 Principal group companies and non-current investments   129   
Company accounts – Unilever N.V.   131   
Notes to the Company accounts – Unilever N.V.   132   
Further statutory and other information – Unilever N.V.   135   
Responsibilities of KPMG Accountants N.V.   136   
Company accounts – Unilever PLC   137   
Notes to the Company accounts – Unilever PLC   138   
Index   140   

The Directors’ Report of Unilever PLC on pages 41-61, 78 (Statement of Directors’ responsibilities), 103 (Dividends on ordinary capital), 114-119 (Treasury risk management) and 135 and 139 (Post balance sheet event) has been approved by the PLC Board and signed on its behalf by Tonia Lovell – Group Secretary.

The Strategic Report, together with the governance section of the Governance and Financial Report, constitutes the report of the Directors within the meaning of Section 2:391 of the Dutch Civil Code and has been approved by the NV Board and signed on its behalf by Tonia Lovell – Group Secretary.

 

 

ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS 2014

 

OUR ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS 2014 IS IN TWO PARTS:

OUR STRATEGIC REPORT

The Strategic Report contains information about us, how we make money and how we run our business. It includes our strategy, business model, markets and Key Performance Indicators, as well as our approach to sustainability and risk.

GOVERNANCE AND FINANCIAL REPORT

The Governance and Financial Report contains detailed corporate governance information, how we mitigate risk, our Committee reports and how we remunerate our Directors, plus our Financial Statements and Notes.

ONLINE

 

 

LOGO You can find more information about Unilever online at www.unilever.com.
  For the latest information on the USLP visit www.unilever.com/sustainable-living.
  Our Strategic Report and Governance and Financial Report, along with other relevant documents, can be downloaded at www.unilever.com/ara2014/downloads.


Table of Contents

CORPORATE

GOVERNANCE

 

GOVERNANCE OF UNILEVER

ABOUT UNILEVER

Unilever N.V. (NV) and Unilever PLC (PLC), together with their group companies have, since the Unilever Group was formed in 1930, operated as nearly as practicable as a single economic entity. This is achieved by special provisions in the Articles of Association of NV and PLC, together with a series of agreements between NV and PLC which are together known as the Foundation Agreements (described below). These agreements enable Unilever to achieve unity of management, operations, shareholders’ rights, purpose and mission and can be found on our website.

The Equalisation Agreement makes the economic position of the shareholders of NV and PLC, as far as possible, the same as if they held shares in a single company. The Equalisation Agreement regulates the mutual rights of the shareholders of NV and PLC. Under the Equalisation Agreement, NV and PLC must adopt the same financial periods and accounting policies.

The Deed of Mutual Covenants provides that NV and PLC and their respective subsidiary companies shall co-operate in every way for the purpose of maintaining a common operating policy. They shall exchange all relevant information about their respective businesses – the intention being to create and maintain a common operating platform for the Group throughout the world. The Deed also contains provisions for the allocation of assets between NV and PLC.

Under the Agreement for Mutual Guarantees of Borrowing between NV and PLC, each company will, if asked by the other, guarantee the borrowings of the other and the other’s subsidiaries. These arrangements are used, as a matter of financial policy, for certain significant borrowings. They enable lenders to rely on our combined financial strength.

NV’s Articles of Association contain, among other things, the objects clause, which sets out the scope of activities that NV is authorised to undertake. They are drafted to give a wide scope and provide that the primary objectives are: to carry on business as a holding company, to manage any companies in which it has an interest and to operate and carry into effect the Equalisation Agreement. At the 2010 PLC AGM, the shareholders agreed that the objects clause be removed from PLC’s Articles of Association so that there are no restrictions on its objects.

Each NV ordinary share represents the same underlying economic interest in the Unilever Group as each PLC ordinary share. However, NV and PLC remain separate legal entities with different shareholder constituencies and separate stock exchange listings. Shareholders cannot convert or exchange the shares of one for the shares of the other.

LOGO www.unilever.com/legalstructure

BOARDS

The Boards of NV and PLC have ultimate responsibility for the management, general affairs, direction, performance and long-term success of our business as a whole. The Boards are one-tier boards, the same people are on both Boards and the responsibility of the Directors is collective, taking into account their respective roles as Executive Directors and Non-Executive Directors. During 2014, Unilever continued to have two Executive Directors, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), who are also members of the Unilever Leadership Executive (ULE) and are full-time employees of Unilever. The majority of the Directors are Non-Executive Directors who essentially have a supervisory role.

A list of our current Directors, their roles on the Boards, their dates of appointments and their other major appointments is set out on page 54.

The Boards have delegated the operational running of the Group to the CEO with the exception of the following matters which are reserved for the Boards: structural and constitutional matters, corporate governance, approval of dividends, approval of overall strategy for the Group and approval of significant transactions or arrangements in relation to mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures and disposals, capital expenditure, contracts, litigation, financing and pensions. The CEO is responsible to the Boards and is able to delegate any of his powers and discretions which he does to members of the ULE. The ULE is chaired by and reports to the CEO. The biographies of ULE members are on page 55.

BOARD COMMITTEES

The Boards have established four Board Committees: the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, the Corporate Responsibility Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The terms of reference of these Committees can be found on our website and the reports of each Committee can be found on pages 56 to 77. Attendance tables can be found within each Committee Report.

LOGO www.unilever.com/committees

THE GOVERNANCE OF UNILEVER

Further details of the roles and responsibilities of the Chairman, Vice Chairman, CEO and other corporate officers and how our Boards effectively operate as one board, govern themselves and delegate their authorities are set out in the document entitled ‘The Governance of Unilever’, which can be found on our website.

The Governance of Unilever also describes the Foundation Agreements, Directors’ appointment, tenure, induction and training, Directors’ ability to seek independent advice at Unilever’s expense and details about Board and Management Committees (including the Disclosure Committee).

LOGO www.unilever.com/corporategovernance

BOARD EFFECTIVENESS

BOARD MEETINGS

A minimum of five face-to-face meetings are planned throughout the calendar year to consider, for example, the half-year and full-year results announcements of the Group and the Annual Report and Accounts. Other Board meetings and telephone conferences are held to discuss matters that arise as well as Group strategic issues. Meetings of the Boards may be held either in London or in Rotterdam or such other locations as the Boards think fit, with one or two off-site Board meetings a year. The Chairman sets the Boards’ agenda, ensures the Directors receive accurate, timely and clear information, and promotes effective relationships and open communication between the Executive and Non-Executive Directors.

 

 

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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE CONTINUED

 

 

 

In 2014 the Boards met physically in January, March, May, July, September and November and considered important corporate events and actions, such as:

  developing and approval of the overall strategy;
  oversight of the performance of the business;
  review of risks and internal risk management and control systems;
  authorisation of major transactions;
  declaration of dividends;
  convening of shareholders’ meetings;
  nominations for Board appointments;
  review of Directors’ remuneration policy;
  review of the functioning of the Boards and their Committees; and
  review of corporate responsibility and sustainability, in particular the Unilever Sustainable Living Plan.

ATTENDANCE

The following table shows the attendance of Directors at Board meetings in 2014. If Directors are unable to attend a Board meeting they have the opportunity beforehand to discuss any agenda items with the Chairman. Attendance is expressed as the number of meetings attended out of the number eligible to be attended.

 

      Main Board    

Michael Treschow(a)

   7/7

Kees Storm(b)

   6/7

Paul Polman(c)

   7/7

Jean-Marc Huët(c)

   7/7

Laura Cha

   7/7

Louise Fresco

   7/7

Ann Fudge

   7/7

Charles Golden(d)

   3/3

Byron Grote

   7/7

Mary Ma

   7/7

Hixonia Nyasulu

   7/7

Sir Malcolm Rifkind

   6/7

John Rishton

   7/7

Feike Sijbesma(e)

   1/1

Paul Walsh

   7/7

(a) Chairman

(b) Vice-Chairman/Senior Independent Director

(c) Executive Director

(d) Retired from the Boards on 14 May 2014

(e) Appointed to the Boards with effect from 1 November 2014

NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR MEETINGS

The Non-Executive Directors meet as a group, without the Executive Directors present, to consider specific agenda items set by them, usually four or five times a year. In 2014 they met five times. The Chairman, or in his absence the Vice-Chairman/Senior Independent Director, chairs such meetings.

BOARD EVALUATION

Each year the Boards formally assess their own performance with the aim of helping to improve the effectiveness of both the Boards and the Committees and at least once every three years an independent third party facilitates the evaluation. The evaluation consists of individual interviews with the Directors by the Chairman and also, every three years, by the external evaluator. These interviews complement our annual process of completion by all Directors of three full and confidential online evaluation questionnaires on our Boards, CEO and Chairman. The detailed Board questionnaire invites comments on a number of key areas including Board responsibility, operations, effectiveness, training and knowledge.

As in 2011 Mr J. de Leeuw, an independent external consultant, facilitated the 2014 Board evaluation. Mr J. de Leeuw has no other connection with the Unilever Group. The Chairman’s Statement on page 2 describes the key actions agreed by the Boards following that evaluation.

LOGO page 2 of the Strategic Report

In addition to the evaluation of the Boards’ effectiveness, each year the Chairman conducts a process of evaluating the performance and contribution of each Director which includes a one-to-one performance and feedback discussion with each Director. The evaluation of the performance of the Chairman is led by the Vice-Chairman/Senior Independent Director and the Chairman leads the evaluation of the CEO, both using bespoke questionnaires. Committees of the Boards evaluate themselves annually under supervision of their respective Chairmen taking into account the views of respective Committee members and the Boards.

APPOINTMENT

In seeking to ensure that NV and PLC have the same Directors, the Articles of Association of NV and PLC contain provisions which are designed to ensure that both NV and PLC shareholders are presented with the same candidates for election as Directors. Anyone being elected as a Director of NV must also be elected as a Director of PLC and vice versa. Therefore, if an individual fails to be elected to both companies he or she will be unable to take his or her place on either Board. These provisions of the Articles cannot be changed without the permission, in the case of NV, of the holders of the NV special ordinary shares and, in the case of PLC, of the holders of the PLC deferred stock.

The report of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (NCGC) on pages 60 and 61 describes the work of the NCGC in Board appointments and recommendations for re-election. In addition, shareholders are able to nominate Directors. The procedure for shareholders to nominate Directors can be found in the ‘Appointment procedure for NV & PLC Directors’ document under ‘download links’ on our website. To do so they must put a resolution to both the NV and PLC AGMs in line with local requirements. Directors are appointed by shareholders by a simple majority vote at each AGM.

LOGO www.unilever.com/boardsofunilever

DIRECTOR INDUCTION AND TRAINING

All Directors receive induction on joining the Boards and the Chairman ensures that ongoing training is provided for Directors by way of site visits, presentations and circulated updates at (and between) Board and Board Committee meetings on, among other things, Unilever’s business, environmental, social and corporate governance, regulatory developments and investor relations matters. Details of the training provided to the Directors in 2014 can be found in the Chairman’s Statement on page 2.

LOGO page 2 of the Strategic Report

INDEPENDENCE AND CONFLICTS

As the Non-Executive Directors make up the Committees of the Boards, it is important that they can be considered to be independent. Each year the Boards conduct a thorough review of the Non-Executive Directors’, and their related or connected persons’, relevant relationships referencing the criteria set out in ‘The Governance of Unilever’ which is derived from the relevant best practice guidelines in the Netherlands, UK and US.

 

 

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The Boards currently consider all our Non-Executive Directors to be independent of Unilever. Furthermore, the Boards have determined that Byron Grote’s current position of serving on the audit committees of more than three public companies does not impair his ability to effectively serve on the Audit Committee.

We attach special importance to avoiding conflicts of interest between NV and PLC and their respective Directors. The Boards ensure that there are effective procedures in place to avoid conflicts of interest by Board members. If appropriate, authorisation of situational conflicts is given by the Boards to the relevant Director. The authorisation includes conditions relating to keeping Unilever information confidential and to the Director’s exclusion from receiving and discussing relevant information at Board meetings. Situational conflicts are reviewed annually by the Boards as part of the determination of Director independence. In between those reviews Directors have a duty to inform the Boards of any relevant changes to the situation. A Director may not vote on, or be counted in a quorum in relation to, any resolution of the Boards in respect of any situation in which he or she has a conflict of interest. The procedures that Unilever has put in place to deal with conflicts of interest operate effectively.

Unilever recognises the benefit to the individual and the Group of senior executives acting as directors of other companies but, to ensure outside directorships of our Executive Directors do not involve an excessive commitment or conflict of interest, the number of outside directorships of listed companies is generally limited to one per Executive Director and approval is required from the Chairman.

INDEMNIFICATION

The terms of NV Directors’ indemnification are provided for in NV’s Articles of Association. The power to indemnify PLC Directors is provided for in PLC’s Articles of Association and deeds of indemnity have been issued to all PLC Directors. Appropriate qualifying third party directors’ and officers’ liability insurance was in place for all Unilever Directors throughout 2014 and is currently in force.

In addition, PLC provides indemnities (including, where applicable, a qualifying pension scheme indemnity provision) to the Directors of three subsidiaries which each acts as trustee of a Unilever UK pension fund. Appropriate trustee liability insurance is also in place.

OUR SHARES

NV SHARES

SHARE CAPITAL

NV’s issued share capital on 31 December 2014 was made up of:

  274,356,432 split into 1,714,727,700 ordinary shares of 0.16 each;
  1,028,568 split into 2,400 ordinary shares numbered 1 to 2,400 known as special shares; and
  81,454,014 split into two classes (6% and 7%) of cumulative preference shares (financing preference shares)*.

* These shares are included within liabilities (note 15C).

LISTINGS

NV has listings of shares and depositary receipts for shares on Euronext Amsterdam and of New York Registry Shares on the New York Stock Exchange.

VOTING RIGHTS

NV shareholders can cast one vote for each 0.16 nominal capital they hold. Therefore, the voting rights attached to NV’s outstanding shares are split as follows:

 

   Total number of votes   % of issued capital  

1,714,727,700 ordinary shares

  1,714,727,700 (a)    76.89   

2,400 special shares

  6,428,550      0.29   

161,060 6% cumulative preference shares

  431,409,276 (b)    19.34   

29,000 7% cumulative preference shares

  77,678,313 (c)    3.48   

As at 31 December 2014:

(a)  141,560,629 shares were held in treasury and 12,368,368 shares were held to satisfy obligations under share-based incentive schemes.
(b)  37,679 6% cumulative preference shares were held in treasury.
(c)  7,562 7% cumulative preference shares were held in treasury.

The special shares and the shares under (a), (b) and (c) are not voted on.

SHARE ISSUES AND BUY BACKS

NV may issue shares not yet issued and grant rights to subscribe for shares only pursuant to a resolution of the General Meeting or of another corporate body designated for such purpose by a resolution of the General Meeting. At the NV AGM held on 14 May 2014 the Board was designated as the corporate body authorised to resolve on the issue of, or on the granting of rights to subscribe for, shares not yet issued and to restrict or exclude the statutory pre-emption rights that accrue to shareholders upon issue of shares, on the understanding that this authority is limited to 10% of the issued share capital of NV, plus an additional 10% of the issued share capital of NV in connection with or on the occasion of mergers, acquisitions or strategic alliances.

At the 2014 NV AGM the Board of NV was also authorised to cause NV to buy back its own shares or depositary receipts thereof, with a maximum of 10% of issued share capital, either through purchase on a stock exchange or otherwise, at a price, excluding expenses, not lower than 0.01 (one euro cent) and not higher than 10% above the average of the closing price of the shares on the Euronext stock exchange in Amsterdam for the five business days before the day on which the purchase is made.

These authorities expire on the earlier of the conclusion of the 2015 NV AGM or the close of business on 30 June 2015 (the last date by which NV must hold an AGM in 2015). Such authorities are renewed annually and authority will be sought at NV’s 2015 AGM.

During 2014 Unilever group companies purchased 7,304,993 NV New York Registry Shares, each representing one NV ordinary share with a nominal value of 0.16 for 227.5 million to facilitate grants made in connection with its employee compensation programmes. This represents 0.426% of the called-up share capital of NV. No NV 6% cumulative preference shares nor NV 7% cumulative preference shares were purchased by Unilever group companies during 2014. Further information on this and on NV shares held by an employee share trust can be found in note 4 to the consolidated accounts on pages 98 and 99.

NV SPECIAL ORDINARY SHARES

The NV special ordinary shares may only be transferred to one or more other holders of such shares. The joint holders of these shares are N.V. Elma and United Holdings Limited, which are subsidiaries of NV and PLC respectively. The Boards of N.V. Elma and United Holdings Limited comprise the members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.

TRUST OFFICE

The Foundation Unilever N.V. Trust Office (Stichting Administratiekantoor Unilever N.V.) is a trust office with a board independent of Unilever. As part of its corporate objects, the Trust

 

 

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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE CONTINUED

 

 

 

Office issues depositary receipts in exchange for the NV ordinary shares and NV 7% preference shares. These depositary receipts are listed on Euronext Amsterdam, as are the NV ordinary and 7% preference shares themselves.

Holders of depositary receipts can under all circumstances exchange their depositary receipts for the underlying shares (and vice versa) and are entitled to dividends and all economic benefits on the underlying shares held by the Trust Office. There are no limitations on the holders’ voting rights, they can attend all General Meetings of NV, either personally or by proxy, and have the right to speak. The Trust Office only votes shares that are not represented at a General Meeting. The Trust Office votes in such a way as it deems to be in the interests of the holders of the depositary receipts. This voting policy is laid down in the Conditions of Administration that apply to the depositary receipts.

The Trust Office’s shareholding fluctuates daily. Its holdings on 31 December 2014 were 1,331,829,935 NV ordinary shares (77.67%) and 9,776 NV 7% cumulative preference shares (33.71%).

The members of the board at the Trust Office are Mr J H Schraven (chairman), Mr P P de Koning, Ms C M S Smits-Nusteling and Mr A A Olijslager. Prof Emeritus Dr L. Koopmans retired on 11 February 2015. The Trust Office reports periodically on its activities. Further information on the Trust Office, including its Articles of Association and Conditions of Administration, can be found on its website.

Unilever considers the arrangements of the Trust Office to be appropriate and in the interests of NV and its shareholders given the size of the voting rights attached to the financing preference shares and the relatively low attendance of holders of ordinary shares at the General Meetings of NV.

LOGO www.administratiekantoor-unilever.nl

PLC SHARES

SHARE CAPITAL

PLC’s issued share capital on 31 December 2014 was made up of:

  £40,760,420 split into 1,310,156,361 ordinary shares of 31/9p each; and
  £100,000 of deferred stock of £1 each.

LISTINGS

PLC has shares listed on the London Stock Exchange and, as American Depositary Receipts, on the New York Stock Exchange.

VOTING RIGHTS

PLC shareholders can cast one vote for each 31/9p nominal capital they hold. This means that shareholders can cast one vote for each PLC ordinary share or PLC American Depositary Receipt of Shares. Therefore, the total number of voting rights attached to PLC’s outstanding shares is as follows:

 

   Total number of votes   % of issued capital  

1,310,156,361 ordinary shares

  1,310,156,361 (a)    99.76   

£100,000 deferred stock

  3,214,285      0.24   

 

(a)  Of which 26,696,994 shares were held by PLC in treasury and 7,507,715 shares were held by NV group companies or by share trusts as at 31 December 2014. These shares are not voted on.

SHARE ISSUES AND BUY BACKS

The PLC Board may, subject to the UK Companies Act 2006 and the passing of the appropriate resolutions at a General Meeting, issue shares within the limits prescribed within the resolutions. At PLC’s 2014 AGM the PLC Directors were authorised to issue new shares,

up to a maximum of £13,300,000 nominal value (which at the time represented approximately 33% of PLC’s issued ordinary share capital) and to disapply pre-emption rights up to approximately 5% of PLC’s issued ordinary share capital.

In addition, at PLC’s 2014 AGM the PLC Board was authorised by a resolution of PLC to make market purchases of its ordinary shares, up to a maximum of 128,345,000 shares representing just under 10% of PLC’s issued ordinary share capital and within the limits prescribed in the resolution until the earlier of the conclusion of PLC’s 2015 AGM and 30 June 2015. These authorities are renewed annually and authority will be sought at PLC’s 2015 AGM.

During 2014 Unilever group companies purchased 6,058,733 PLC American Depositary Receipt of shares, each representing one PLC ordinary share with a nominal value of 31/9p for 201.07 million to facilitate grants made in connection with its employee compensation programmes. This represents 0.462% of the called-up share capital of PLC. Further information on this and on PLC shares held by an employee share trust can be found in note 4 to the consolidated accounts on pages 98 and 99.

PLC DEFERRED STOCK

The joint holders of the PLC deferred stock are N.V. Elma and United Holdings Limited, which are subsidiaries of NV and PLC respectively. The Boards of N.V. Elma and United Holdings Limited comprise the members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.

OUR SHAREHOLDERS

SIGNIFICANT SHAREHOLDERS OF NV

As far as Unilever is aware, the only holders of more than 3% of, or 3% of voting rights attributable to, NV’s share capital on 31 December 2014 (apart from the Foundation Unilever N.V. Trust Office, see pages 43 and 44, and shares held in treasury by NV, see page 43), are ING Groep N.V. (ING), ASR Nederland N.V. (ASR) and BlackRock, Inc. (BlackRock) as indicated in the table below.

 

Shareholder Class of shares

Total number of

shares held

 

% of relevant

class

 

ING

ordinary shares   5,653,749      0.33   
7% cumulative
  preference shares   20,665      71.26   
6% cumulative
    preference shares   74,088      46.0   

ASR

ordinary shares   3,169,339      0.18   
6% cumulative
    preference shares   46,000      28.56   

BlackRock

ordinary shares   66,568,832      3.88 (a) 

 

(a)  Representing 2.98% capital interest and 3.71% voting rights in the NV share capital.

As far as Unilever is aware, no disclosable changes in interests in the share capital of NV have been notified to the AFM between 1 January 2015 and 25 February 2015 (the latest practicable date for inclusion in this report). Between 1 January 2012 and 25 February 2015, ING, BlackRock and ASR have held more than 3% in the share capital of NV. Deutsche Bank, Bank of America Corporation and UBS AG also held more than 3% in the share capital of NV, however, during this period, and as notified, these holdings reduced to below the 3% reporting threshold.

 

 

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SIGNIFICANT SHAREHOLDERS OF PLC

As far as Unilever is aware, the only holders of more than 3% of, or 3% of voting rights attributable to, PLC’s share capital on 31 December 2014 (apart from deferred stock held by Naamlooze Vennootschap Elma and United Holdings Limited, see page 44, and shares held in treasury by PLC, see page 44), are BlackRock, Inc. and the Leverhulme Trust as indicated in the table below.

 

Shareholder Class of shares

Total number of

shares held

  % of relevant
class
 

Naamlooze Vennootschap Elma

deferred shares   50,000      50   

United Holdings Limited

deferred shares   50,000      50   

BlackRock

ordinary shares   71,832,960      5.5   

The Leverhulme Trust

ordinary shares   68,531,182      5.3   

No disclosable changes in interests in the share capital of PLC have been notified to PLC between 1 January 2015 and 25 February 2015 (the latest practicable date for inclusion in this report). Between 1 January 2012 and 25 February 2015, Legal & General Group plc, BlackRock and the Trustees of the Leverhulme Trust and the Leverhulme Trade Charities Trust have held more than 3% of, or 3% of voting rights attributable to, PLC’s ordinary shares. During this period, and as notified, these holdings reduced to below the 3% reporting threshold.

During 2014, the trustees of the Leverhulme Trust and the trustees of the Leverhulme Trade Charities Trust (comprising the same individuals (together the ‘Trustees’)) together held 70,566,764 ordinary shares amounting to 5.5% of the voting rights of PLC. On 31 December 2014 the Leverhulme Trust and the Leverhulme Trade Charities Trust became charitable incorporated organisations. As a consequence of these changes, the balance of shares held by the Trustees has reduced to zero and only the Leverhulme Trust has a disclosable interest as shown in the table above.

SHAREHOLDER ENGAGEMENT

Unilever values open, constructive and effective communication with our shareholders. Our shareholders can raise issues directly with the Chairman and, if appropriate, the Vice-Chairman/Senior Independent Director. The CFO has lead responsibility for investor relations, with the active involvement of the CEO. They are supported by our Investor Relations department which organises presentations for analysts and investors. These and other materials (eg an Introduction to Unilever and AGM materials) are generally made available on our website.

Principal shareholders: the Executive Directors’ investor relations programme continued in 2014 with meetings in nine major cities in Europe, North America and Asia. In all, they met more than 90 investors during these roadshows. In addition, the Chairman maintained contact with principal shareholders with one to one and group governance and strategy meetings in the UK and the Netherlands in June and in the US in September.

Quarterly announcements: briefings on quarterly results are given via teleconference and are accessible by telephone or via our website.

Annual investor seminar: this annual event was held in our London offices in December 2014. It focused on ‘Driving Profitable Growth and Agility’ and included presentations on brands, R&D and supply chain. The event was attended by members of the Unilever Leadership Executive and other senior management. The slides shown and an audio-recording of the presentations

 

were made available and can be accessed on our website. This allows those investors not attending in person to access the information provided at the event.

Investor conferences: the Executive Directors and members of the Investor Relations team also meet a large number of investors at the industry conferences they attend. In 2014 the conferences that were attended by Unilever representatives included broker sponsored conferences in London, Paris, Brussels, San Francisco and Singapore.

Feedback from shareholders: we maintain a frequent dialogue with our principal shareholders and regularly collect feedback. In addition, in 2014 we asked a cross section of investors to participate in a detailed perception study. We use this feedback to help shape our investor programme and future shareholder communications. Private shareholders are encouraged to give feedback via shareholder.services@unilever.com. The Chairman, Executive Directors and Chairmen of the Committees are also generally available to answer questions from the shareholders at the AGMs each year.

Board awareness: the Boards are briefed on investor reactions to the Group’s quarterly results announcements and are briefed on any issues raised by shareholders that are relevant to their responsibilities.

LOGO www.unilever.com/investorrelations

GENERAL MEETINGS

Both Unilever N.V. and Unilever PLC hold an AGM each year. At the AGMs the Chairman gives his thoughts on governance aspects of the preceding year and the CEO gives a detailed review of the performance of the Group over the last year. Shareholders are encouraged to attend the relevant meeting and to ask questions at or in advance of the meeting. Indeed, the question and answer session forms an important part of each meeting. The external auditors are welcomed to the AGMs and are entitled to address the meetings.

The 2014 AGMs were held in London and in Rotterdam in May and the topics raised by shareholders included: Non-Executive Directors’ shareholdings, Non-Executive Director succession planning, the PLC Dividend Reinvestment Plan, the NV Cumulative Preference shares, the termination of the certification of the NV shares and how Unilever’s values are reflected across its brand portfolio.

VOTING

Shareholders can vote in person or by proxy. Similar arrangements apply to holders of depositary receipts issued for NV shares and the holders of NV preference shares. The Trustees of the PLC employee share trusts may vote or abstain in any way they think fit and in doing so may take into account both financial and non-financial interests of the beneficiaries of the employee share trusts or their dependants. Historically the Trustees tend not to exercise this right.

The shares held by NV and PLC in treasury are not voted on. More information on the exercise of voting rights can be found in NV’s and PLC’s Articles of Association and in the respective Notices of Meetings, all of which can be found on our website.

LOGO www.unilever.com/corporategovernance

LOGO www.unilever.com/agm

 

 

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SHAREHOLDER PROPOSED RESOLUTIONS

Shareholders of NV may propose resolutions if they individually or together hold at least 1% of NV’s issued capital in the form of shares or depositary receipts issued for NV shares. Shareholders who together represent at least 10% of the issued capital of NV can also requisition Extraordinary General Meetings to deal with specific resolutions.

Shareholders of PLC may propose resolutions if they individually or together hold shares representing at least 5% of the total voting rights of PLC, or 100 shareholders who hold on average £100 each in nominal value of PLC share capital can require PLC to propose a resolution at a General Meeting. PLC shareholders holding in aggregate 5% of the issued PLC ordinary shares are able to convene a General Meeting of PLC.

REQUIRED MAJORITIES

Resolutions are usually adopted at NV and PLC General Meetings by an absolute majority of votes cast, unless there are other requirements under the applicable laws or NV’s or PLC’s Articles of Association. For example, there are special requirements for resolutions relating to the alteration of the Articles of Association, the liquidation of NV or PLC and the alteration of the Equalisation Agreement.

A proposal to alter the Articles of Association of NV can only be made by the NV Board. A proposal to alter the Articles of Association of PLC can be made either by the PLC Board or by requisition of shareholders in accordance with the UK Companies Act 2006. Unless expressly specified to the contrary in PLC’s Articles of Association, PLC’s Articles of Association may be amended by a special resolution. Proposals to alter the provisions in the Articles of Association of NV and PLC respectively relating to the unity of management require the prior approval of meetings of the holders of the NV special ordinary shares and the PLC deferred stock. The Articles of Association of both NV and PLC can be found on our website.

LOGO www.unilever.com/corporategovernance

RIGHT TO HOLD SHARES

Unilever’s constitutional documents place no limitations on the right to hold NV and PLC shares. There are no limitations on the right to hold or exercise voting rights on the ordinary shares of NV and PLC imposed by Dutch or English law.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE COMPLIANCE

GENERAL

We conduct our operations in accordance with internationally accepted principles of good governance and best practice, whilst ensuring compliance with the corporate governance requirements applicable in the countries in which we operate. Unilever is subject to corporate governance requirements (legislation, codes and/or standards) in the Netherlands, the UK and the US and in this section we report on our compliance against these.

MATERIAL CONTRACTS

Under the European Takeover Directive as implemented in the Netherlands and the UK, the UK Companies Act 2006 and rules of the US Securities and Exchange Commission, Unilever is required to provide information on contracts and other arrangements

essential or material to the business of the Group. Other than the Foundation Agreements referred to on page 41, we believe we do not have any such contracts or arrangements.

THE NETHERLANDS

NV complies with almost all of the principles and best practice provisions of the Dutch Corporate Governance Code (Dutch Code), which is available on the Commissie Corporate Governance’s website.

LOGO www.commissiecorporategovernance.nl

Statements required by the Dutch Code and explanations of the NV compliance position are set out below.

Non-Financial Performance Indicator: In determining the level and structure of the remuneration of the Executive Directors, among other things, the results, the share price performance and non-financial indicators relevant to the long-term objectives of the Company, with due regard for the risks to which variable remuneration may expose the enterprise, shall be taken into account (bpp II.2.3).

Unilever places a great deal of importance on corporate responsibility and sustainability and is keen to ensure focus on key financial performance measures which we believe to be the drivers of shareholder value creation and relative total shareholder return. Unilever therefore believes that the interests of the business and shareholders are best served by linking our long-term share plans to such measures as described above, and which are further set out in the Directors’ Remuneration Report, and has therefore not included a non-financial performance indicator.

Risk Management and control: With regard to financial reporting risks, as advised by the Audit Committee (as described in its report on pages 56 and 57, the NV Board believes that the risk management and control systems provide reasonable assurance that the financial statements do not contain any errors of material importance and the risk management and control systems have worked properly in 2014 (bpp II.1.5). The statements in this paragraph are not statements in accordance with the requirements of Section 404 of the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Retention Period of Shares: The Dutch Code recommends that shares granted to the Executive Directors without financial consideration shall be retained for a period of at least five years or until at least the end of the employment, if this period is shorter (bpp II.2.5).

Our remuneration policy requires Executive Directors to build and retain a personal shareholding in Unilever. In addition, Executive Directors are required to hold 100% of the shares needed to maintain their minimum shareholding requirement until 12 months after they leave Unilever and 50% of these shares for 24 months after they leave Unilever.

Severance Pay: It is our policy to set the level of severance payments for Directors at no more than one year’s salary, unless the Boards, on the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, find this manifestly unreasonable given circumstances or unless otherwise dictated by applicable law (bpp II 2.8).

Financing Preference Shares: The voting rights of the 6% and 7% cumulative preference shares issued by NV are based on their nominal value, as prescribed by Dutch law. NV agrees with the principle in the Dutch Code that the voting rights of any newly issued preference shares should be based on their economic value rather than on their nominal value (bpp IV.1.2), but cannot unilaterally reduce voting rights of its outstanding preference shares.

 

 

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Anti-takeover constructions and control over the company: NV confirms that it has no anti-takeover constructions, in the sense of constructions that are intended solely, or primarily to block future hostile public offers for its shares (bpp IV.3.11). Nor does NV have any constructions whose specific purpose is to prevent a bidder, after acquiring 75% of the capital, from appointing or dismissing members of the Board and subsequently altering the Articles of Association. The acquisition through a public offer of a majority of the shares in a company does not, under Dutch law, preclude the continued right of the board of the company to exercise its powers.

Corporate Governance Statement: NV is required to make a statement concerning corporate governance as referred to in article 2a of the decree on additional requirements for annual reports (Vaststellingsbesluit nadere voorschriften inhoud jaarverslag) with effect from 1 January 2010 (the Decree). The information required to be included in this corporate governance statement as described in articles 3, 3a and 3b of the Decree can be found on our website.

LOGO www.unilever.com/corporategovernance

THE UNITED KINGDOM

PLC, being a company that is incorporated in the UK and listed on the London Stock Exchange, is required to state how it has applied the main principles and how far it has complied with the provisions set out in the 2012 UK Corporate Governance Code (UK Code), which is available on the Financial Reporting Council’s (FRC) website. In 2014 PLC complied with all UK Code provisions.

LOGO www.frc.org.uk

Risk Management and Control: Our approach to risk management and systems of internal control is in line with the recommendations in the report on ‘Internal Control – Revised Guidance for Directors on the UK Combined Code’ (The Turnbull guidance). It is Unilever’s practice to bring acquired companies within the Group’s governance procedures as soon as is practicable and in any event by the end of the first full year of operation.

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions: As part of our Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP), we have set ambitious eco-efficiency targets which include carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from energy used in manufacturing as well as water and waste and targets for the new factories we are building.

In line with the Companies Act 2006 (Strategic Report and Directors’ Report) Regulations 2013 our greenhouse gas performance is set out below. We have used the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard (GHG Protocol) to calculate emissions of carbon dioxide from the combustion of fuels and the operation of facilities (Scope 1) and from purchased electricity, heat, steam and cooling (Scope 2) for our manufacturing facilities.

Carbon emission factors are used to convert energy used in manufacturing to emissions of CO2. Carbon emission factors for fuels are provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Carbon emission factors for electricity reflect the country or sub-region where each manufacturing site is located and are provided by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and local regulatory authorities, for example the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). We have selected an intensity ratio based on production; this aligns with our long-standing reporting of manufacturing performance.

The GHG data relates to emissions during the 12-month period from 1 October 2013 to 30 September 2014. This period is different

from that for which the remainder of the Directors’ Report is prepared (which is the calendar year 2014).

Emissions of CO2 from manufacturing (tonnes),

1 October 2013 to 30 September 2014 (1 October 2012 to 30 September 2013)

 

Scope 1 929,360 tonnes CO2 (1,013,690 tonnes CO2)
Scope 2 919,803 tonnes CO2 (939,457 tonnes CO2 )
Total Scope 1 & 2 1,849,163 tonnes CO2+ (1,953,147 tonnes CO2+)
Intensity ratio 91.93 kg CO2 per tonne of production+
  (98.85 kg CO2 per tonne of production+)

Emissions data includes material sources of Scope 1 and 2 emissions that have been subject to external assurance, ie emissions of CO2 from energy used in manufacturing. Emissions from the combustion of biogenic fuels (biomass, fuel crops etc) at our manufacturing sites are reported separately to other Scope 1 and 2 emissions, as recommended by the GHG Protocol, and excluded from our intensity ratio calculation.

Our GHG data does not include minor emissions sources that are beyond our boundary of financial control or that are not material. For example, emissions of CO2 from energy used in our offices and warehouses are excluded, although we continue to drive improvements in these areas through our USLP targets. The data also excludes Scope 3 emissions (including consumer use of our products) which we report as part of our USLP (see below).

One of the three big goals of the USLP is to halve the environmental footprint of the making and use of our products by 2020 (see page 11). This is expressed on a per consumer use basis – ie a single use, portion or serving of a product and measures the GHG emissions associated with the lifecycle of a product from raw materials to manufacturing to consumer use and disposal. To calculate this we consider emissions spanning Scopes 1, 2 and 3. See page 11 and our online Unilever Sustainable Living Report 2014 (to be published in May 2015) for further detail.

LOGO page 11 of the Strategic Report

LOGO www.unilever.com/sustainable-living

Progress During the Year: Total Scope 1 and 2 emissions during the reporting period have demonstrated significant reduction compared to the previous reporting period. They have also decreased significantly compared to the 2008 baseline year of the target to reduce GHG in manufacturing in the USLP (2008 baseline).

Absolute emissions reduced by 5.3% compared to the previous 12 months (a reduction of 7.0% per tonne of production) and by over 930,000 tonnes+ (37% per tonne of production+) compared to the 2008 baseline. Some of the biggest contributors to our reductions in CO2 emissions from energy used in manufacturing during the reporting year were:

 

  energy savings through adoption of a wide range of technologies, behaviours and the sharing of best practice. Energy use reduced by 7.2% per tonne of production during the reporting period compared to the previous 12 months; and
  investment in cost-effective renewable energy technologies. At the end of the calendar year, the number of manufacturing sites that use either renewable fuels or other renewable energy generated on site increased to 50 out of our total of 247.

+ PwC assured. For further details and the basis of preparation see our website.

LOGO www.unilever.com/ara2014/downloads

 

 

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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE CONTINUED

 

 

 

 

Employee Involvement and Communication: Unilever’s UK companies maintain formal processes to inform, consult and involve employees and their representatives. A National Consultative Forum comprising employees and management representatives meets regularly to provide a forum for discussing issues relating to all Unilever sites in the United Kingdom. We recognise collective bargaining on a number of sites and engage with employees via the Sourcing Unit Forum, which includes national officer representation from the three recognised trade unions. A European Works Council, embracing employee and management representatives from countries within Europe, has been in existence for several years and provides a forum for discussing issues that extend across national boundaries.

The Directors’ Reports of the United Kingdom operating companies contain more details about how they have communicated with their employees during 2014.

Equal Opportunities and Diversity: In accordance with our Code of Business Principles, Unilever aims to ensure that applications for employment from everyone are given full and fair consideration and that everyone is given access to training, development and career opportunities. Every effort is also made to retrain and support employees who become disabled while working within the Group.

Independent Auditors and Disclosure of Information to Auditors: To the best of each of the Directors’ knowledge and belief, and having made appropriate enquiries, all information relevant to enabling the auditors to provide their opinions on PLC’s consolidated and parent company accounts has been provided. Each of the Directors has taken all reasonable steps to ensure their awareness of any relevant audit information and to establish that Unilever PLC’s auditors are aware of any such information.

THE UNITED STATES

Both NV and PLC are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). As such, both companies must comply with the requirements of US legislation, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, regulations enacted under US securities laws and the Listing Standards of the NYSE, that are applicable to foreign private issuers, copies of which are available on their websites.

LOGO www.sec.gov

LOGO www.nyse.com

We are substantially compliant with the Listing Standards of the NYSE applicable to foreign private issuers except as set out below.

We are required to disclose any significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those typically followed by US companies listed on the NYSE. Our corporate governance practices are primarily based on the requirements of the UK Listing Rules, the UK Code and the Dutch Code but substantially conform to those required of US companies listed on the NYSE. The only significant way in which our corporate governance practices differ from those followed by domestic companies under Section 303A Corporate Governance Standards of the NYSE is that the NYSE rules require that shareholders must be given the opportunity to vote on all equity-compensation plans and material revisions thereto, with certain limited exemptions. The UK Listing Rules require shareholder approval of equity-compensation plans only if new or treasury shares are issued for the purpose of satisfying obligations under the plan or if the plan is a long-term incentive plan in which a director may participate. Amendments to plans approved by shareholders generally only require approval if they are to the advantage of the

plan participants. Furthermore, Dutch law and NV’s Articles of Association require shareholder approval of equity-compensation plans only if the Executive Directors are able to participate in such plans. Under Dutch law, shareholder approval is not required for material revisions to equity-compensation plans unless the Executive Directors participate in a plan and the plan does not contain its own procedure for revisions.

Attention is drawn to the Report of the Audit Committee on pages 56 and 57. In addition, further details about our corporate governance are provided in the document entitled ‘The Governance of Unilever’ which can be found on our website.

All senior executives and senior financial officers have declared their understanding of and compliance with Unilever’s Code of Business Principles and the related Code Policies. No waiver from any provision of the Code of Business Principles or Code Policies was granted in 2014 to any of the persons falling within the scope of the SEC requirements. Our Code of Business Principles can be found on our website.

LOGO www.unilever.com/corporategovernance

Risk Management and Control: Following a review by the Disclosure Committee, Audit Committee and Boards, the CEO and the CFO concluded that the design and operation of the Group’s disclosure controls and procedures, including those defined in the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934 – Rule 13a – 15(e), as at 31 December 2014 were effective, and that subsequently until 3 March 2015, the date of the approval of the Annual Report and Accounts by the Boards, there have been no significant changes in the Group’s internal controls, or in other factors that could significantly affect those controls.

Unilever is required by Section 404 of the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to report on the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting. This requirement will be reported on separately and will form part of Unilever’s Annual Report on Form 20-F.

 

 

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RISKS

 

OUR RISK APPETITE AND

APPROACH TO RISK MANAGEMENT

Risk management is integral to Unilever’s strategy and to the achievement of Unilever’s long-term goals. Our success as an organisation depends on our ability to identify and exploit the opportunities generated by our business and the markets we are in. In doing this we take an embedded approach to risk management which puts risk and opportunity assessment at the core of the leadership team agenda, which is where we believe it should be.

Unilever adopts a risk profile that is aligned to our Vision to double the size of our business while reducing our environmental footprint and increasing our positive social impact. Our available capital and other resources are applied to underpin our priorities. We aim to maintain a strong single A credit rating on a long-term basis.

Our approach to risk management is designed to provide reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that our assets are safeguarded, the risks facing the business are being assessed and mitigated and all information that may be required to be disclosed is reported to Unilever’s senior management including, where appropriate, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.

ORGANISATION

The Unilever Boards assume overall accountability for the management of risk and for reviewing the effectiveness of Unilever’s risk management and internal control systems.

The Boards have established a clear organisational structure with well defined accountabilities for the principal risks that Unilever faces in the short, medium and long term. This organisational structure and distribution of accountabilities and responsibilities ensures that every country in which we operate has specific resources and processes for risk review and risk mitigation. This is supported by the Unilever Leadership Executive, which takes an active responsibility for focusing on the principal areas of risk to Unilever. The Boards regularly review these risk areas, including consideration of environmental, social and governance matters, and retain responsibility for determining the nature and extent of the significant risks that Unilever is prepared to take to achieve its strategic objectives.

FOUNDATION AND PRINCIPLES

Unilever’s approach to doing business is framed by our Purpose. Our Code of Business Principles sets out the standards of behaviour that we expect all employees to adhere to. Day-to-day responsibility for ensuring these principles are applied throughout Unilever rests with senior management across categories, geographies and functions. A network of Code Officers and Committees supports the activities necessary to communicate the Code, deliver training, maintain processes and procedures (including support lines) to report and respond to alleged breaches, and to capture and communicate learnings.

We have a framework of Code Policies that underpin the Code of Business Principles and set out the non-negotiable standards of behaviour expected from all our employees.

For each of our principal risks we have a risk management framework detailing the controls we have in place and who is responsible for both managing the overall risk and the individual controls mitigating that risk.

Unilever’s functional standards define mandatory requirements across a range of specialist areas such as health and safety, accounting and reporting and financial risk management.

PROCESSES

Unilever operates a wide range of processes and activities across all its operations covering strategy, planning, execution and performance management. Risk management is integrated into every stage of this business cycle. These procedures are formalised and documented and are increasingly being centralised and automated into transactional and other information technology systems.

ASSURANCE AND RE-ASSURANCE

Assurance on compliance with the Code of Business Principles and all of our Code Policies is obtained annually from Unilever management via a formal Code declaration. In addition, there are specialist compliance programmes which run during the year and vary depending on the business priorities. These specialist compliance programmes supplement the Code declaration. Our Corporate Audit function plays a vital role in providing to both management and the Boards an objective and independent review of the effectiveness of risk management and internal control systems throughout Unilever.

BOARDS’ ASSESSMENT OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORKS

The Boards, advised by the Committees where appropriate, regularly review the significant risks and decisions that could have a material impact on Unilever. These reviews consider the level of risk that Unilever is prepared to take in pursuit of the business strategy and the effectiveness of the management controls in place to mitigate the risk exposure.

The Boards, through the Audit Committee, have reviewed the assessment of risks, internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures in operation within Unilever. They have also considered the effectiveness of any remedial actions taken for the year covered by this report and up to the date of its approval by the Boards.

Details of the activities of the Audit Committee in relation to this can be found in the Report of the Audit Committee on pages 56 to 57.

Further statements on compliance with the specific risk management and control requirements in the Dutch Corporate Governance Code, the UK Corporate Governance Code, the US Securities Exchange Act (1934) and the Sarbanes-Oxley (2002) Act can be found on pages 46, 47 and 48.

PRINCIPAL RISK FACTORS

Our business is subject to risks and uncertainties. On the following pages we have identified the risks that we regard as the most relevant to our business. These are the risks that we see as most material to Unilever’s business and performance at this time. There may be other risks that could emerge in the future. We have also commented below on certain mitigating actions that we believe help us to manage these risks. However, we may not be successful in deploying some or all of these mitigating actions. If the circumstances in these risks occur or are not successfully mitigated, our cash flow, operating results, financial position, business and reputation could be materially adversely affected. In addition, risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to vary from those described, which may include forward-looking statements, or could impact on our ability to meet our targets or be detrimental to our profitability or reputation.

 

 

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RISKS CONTINUED

 

 

 

DESCRIPTION OF RISK WHAT WE ARE DOING TO MANAGE THE RISK
BRAND PREFERENCE  

 

As a branded goods business, Unilever’s success depends on the value and relevance of our brands and products to consumers across the world and on our ability to innovate and remain competitive.

 

Consumer tastes, preferences and behaviours are constantly changing and Unilever’s ability to anticipate and respond to these changes and to continue to differentiate our brands and products is vital to our business.

 

We are dependent on creating innovative products that continue to meet the needs of our consumers. If we are unable to innovate effectively, Unilever’s sales or margins could be materially adversely affected.

 

We continuously monitor external market trends and collate consumer, customer and shopper insight in order to develop category and brand strategies.

 

Our strategy focuses on investing in markets and segments which we identify as attractive because we have already built, or are confident that we can build, competitive advantage.

 

Our Research and Development function actively searches for ways in which to translate the trends in consumer preference and taste into new technologies for incorporation into future products.

 

Our innovation management process deploys tools, technologies and resources to convert category strategies into projects and category plans, develop products and relevant brand communication and successfully roll out new products to our consumers.

 

   
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT  

 

Unilever’s strategic investment choices will affect the long-term growth and profits of our business.

 

Unilever’s growth and profitability are determined by our portfolio of categories, geographies and channels and how these evolve over time. If Unilever does not make optimal strategic investment decisions then opportunities for growth and improved margin could be missed.

 

Our Compass strategy and our business plans are designed to ensure that resources are prioritised towards those categories and markets having the greatest long-term potential for Unilever.

 

Our acquisition activity is driven by our portfolio strategy with a clear, defined evaluation process.

   
SUSTAINABILITY  

 

The success of our business depends on finding sustainable solutions to support long-term growth.

 

Unilever’s Vision to double the size of our business while reducing our environmental footprint and increasing our positive social impact will require more sustainable ways of doing business. This means reducing our environmental footprint while increasing the positive social benefits of Unilever’s activities. We are dependent on the efforts of partners and various certification bodies to achieve our sustainability goals. There can be no assurance that sustainable business solutions will be developed and failure to do so could limit Unilever’s growth and profit potential and damage our corporate reputation.

The Unilever Sustainable Living Plan sets clear long-term commitments to improve health and well-being, reduce environmental impact and enhance livelihoods. Underpinning these are targets in areas such as hygiene, nutrition, sustainable sourcing, fairness in the workplace, opportunities for women and inclusive business as well as greenhouse gas emissions, water and waste. These targets and more sustainable ways of operating are being integrated into Unilever’s day-to-day business.

 

Progress towards the Unilever Sustainable Living Plan is monitored by the Unilever Leadership Executive and the Boards. The Unilever Sustainable Living Plan Council, comprising six external specialists in sustainability, guides and critiques the development of our strategy.

 

   
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS  

 

Successful customer relationships are vital to our business and continued growth.

 

Maintaining strong relationships with our customers is necessary for our brands to be well presented to our consumers and available for purchase at all times.

 

The strength of our customer relationships also affects our ability to obtain pricing and secure favourable trade terms. Unilever may not be able to maintain strong relationships with customers and failure to do so could negatively impact the terms of business with the affected customers and reduce the availability of our products to consumers.

 

We build and maintain trading relationships across a broad spectrum of channels ranging from centrally managed multinational customers through to small traders accessed via distributors in many developing countries.

 

We develop joint business plans with our key customers that include detailed investment plans and customer service objectives and we regularly monitor progress.

 

We have developed capabilities for customer sales and outlet design which enable us to find new ways to improve customer performance and enhance our customer relationships.

 

 

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TALENT  
   

A skilled workforce is essential for the continued success of our business.

 

Our ability to attract, develop and retain the right number of appropriately qualified people is critical if we are to compete and grow effectively.

 

This is especially true in our key emerging markets where there can be a high level of competition for a limited talent pool. The loss of management or other key personnel or the inability to identify, attract and retain qualified personnel could make it difficult to manage the business and could adversely affect operations and financial results.

Resource committees have been established and implemented throughout our business. These committees have responsibility for identifying future skills and capability needs, developing career paths and identifying the key talent and leaders of the future.

 

We have an integrated management development process which includes regular performance reviews underpinned by a common set of leadership behaviours, skills and competencies.

 

We have targeted programmes to attract and retain top talent and we actively monitor our performance in retaining talent within Unilever.

 

   
SUPPLY CHAIN  
   

Our business depends on purchasing materials, efficient manufacturing and the timely distribution of products to our customers.

 

Our supply chain network is exposed to potentially adverse events such as physical disruptions, environmental and industrial accidents or bankruptcy of a key supplier which could impact our ability to deliver orders to our customers.

 

The cost of our products can be significantly affected by the cost of the underlying commodities and materials from which they are made. Fluctuations in these costs cannot always be passed on to the consumer through pricing.

We have contingency plans designed to enable us to secure alternative key material supplies at short notice, to transfer or share production between manufacturing sites and to use substitute materials in our product formulations and recipes.

 

These contingency plans also extend to an ability to intervene directly to support a key supplier should it for any reason find itself in difficulty or be at risk of negatively affecting a Unilever product.

 

We have policies and procedures designed to ensure the health and safety of our employees and the products in our facilities, and to deal with major incidents or crises including business continuity and disaster recovery.

 

Commodity price risk is actively managed through forward buying of traded commodities and other hedging mechanisms. Trends are monitored and modelled regularly and integrated into our forecasting process.

 

   
SAFE AND HIGH QUALITY PRODUCTS  
   

The quality and safety of our products are of paramount importance for our brands and our reputation.

 

The risk that raw materials are accidentally or maliciously contaminated throughout the supply chain or that other product defects occur due to human error, equipment failure or other factors cannot be excluded.

Our product quality processes and controls are comprehensive, from product design to customer shelf. They are verified annually, and regularly monitored through performance indicators that drive continuous improvement activities. Our key suppliers are externally certified and the quality of material received is regularly monitored to ensure that it meets the rigorous quality standards that our products demand.

 

In the event of an incident relating to the safety of our consumers or the quality of our products, incident management teams are activated in the affected markets under the direction of our product quality, science, and communications experts, to ensure timely and effective market place action.

 

   
SYSTEMS AND INFORMATION  
   

Unilever’s operations are increasingly dependent on IT systems and the management of information.

 

We interact electronically with customers, suppliers and consumers in ways which place ever greater emphasis on the need for secure and reliable IT systems and infrastructure and careful management of the information that is in our possession.

 

Disruption of our IT systems could inhibit our business operations in a number of ways, including disruption to sales, production and cash flows, ultimately impacting our results.

 

There is also a threat from unauthorised access and misuse of sensitive information. Unilever’s information systems could be subject to unauthorised access or the mistaken disclosure of information which disrupts Unilever’s business and/or leads to loss of assets.

Hardware that runs and manages core operating data is fully backed up with separate contingency systems to provide real time back-up operations should they ever be required.

 

We maintain a global system for the control and reporting of access to our critical IT systems. This is supported by an annual programme of testing of access controls.

 

We have policies covering the protection of both business and personal information, as well as the use of IT systems and applications by our employees. Our employees are trained to understand these requirements.

 

We have standardised ways of hosting information on our public websites and have systems in place to monitor compliance with appropriate privacy laws and regulations, and with our own policies.

 

 

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RISKS CONTINUED

 

 

DESCRIPTION OF RISK WHAT WE ARE DOING TO MANAGE THE RISK
BUSINESS TRANSFORMATION  
   

Successful execution of business transformation projects is key to delivering their intended business benefits and avoiding disruption to other business activities.

 

Unilever is continually engaged in major change projects, including acquisitions and disposals and outsourcing, to drive continuous improvement in our business and to strengthen our portfolio and capabilities.

 

Failure to execute such transactions or change projects successfully, or performance issues with third party outsourced providers on which we are dependent, could result in under-delivery of the expected benefits. Furthermore, disruption may be caused in other parts of the business.

All acquisitions, disposals and global restructuring projects are sponsored by a member of the Unilever Leadership Executive. Regular progress updates are provided to the Unilever Leadership Executive.

 

Sound project disciplines are used in all merger, acquisitions, restructuring and outsourcing projects and these projects are resourced by dedicated and appropriately qualified personnel. The performance of third party outsourced providers is kept under constant review, with potential disruption limited to the time and cost required to install alternative providers.

 

Unilever also monitors the volume of change programmes under way in an effort to stagger the impact on current operations and to ensure minimal disruption.

 

   
EXTERNAL ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL RISKS AND NATURAL DISASTERS  
   

Unilever operates across the globe and is exposed to a range of external economic and political risks and natural disasters that may affect the execution of our strategy or the running of our operations.

 

Adverse economic conditions may result in reduced consumer demand for our products, and may affect one or more countries within a region, or may extend globally.

 

Government actions such as fiscal stimulus, changes to taxation and price controls can impact on the growth and profitability of our local operations.

 

Social and political upheavals and natural disasters can disrupt sales and operations.

 

In 2014, more than half of Unilever’s turnover came from emerging markets including Brazil, India, Indonesia, Turkey, South Africa, China, Mexico and Russia. These markets offer greater growth opportunities but also expose Unilever to economic, political and social volatility in these markets.

 

The breadth of Unilever’s portfolio and our geographic reach help to mitigate our exposure to any particular localised risk to an extent. Our flexible business model allows us to adapt our portfolio and respond quickly to develop new offerings that suit consumers’ and customers’ changing needs during economic downturns.

 

We regularly update our forecast of business results and cash flows and, where necessary, rebalance investment priorities.

 

We have continuity planning designed to deal with crisis management in the event of political and social events and natural disasters.

 

We believe that many years of exposure to emerging markets have given us experience operating and developing our business successfully during periods of economic, political or social change.

   
TREASURY AND PENSIONS  
   

Unilever is exposed to a variety of external financial risks in relation to Treasury and Pensions.

 

Changes to the relative value of currencies can fluctuate widely and could have a significant impact on business results. Further, because Unilever consolidates its financial statements in euros it is subject to exchange risks associated with the translation of the underlying net assets and earnings of its foreign subsidiaries.

 

We are also subject to the imposition of exchange controls by individual countries which could limit our ability to import materials paid in foreign currency or to remit dividends to the parent company.

 

Currency rates, along with demand cycles, can also result in significant swings in the prices of the raw materials needed to produce our goods.

 

Unilever may face liquidity risk, ie difficulty in meeting its obligations, associated with its financial liabilities. A material and sustained shortfall in our cash flow could undermine Unilever’s credit rating, impair investor confidence and also restrict Unilever’s ability to raise funds.

 

Currency exposures are managed within prescribed limits and by the use of forward foreign exchange contracts. Further, operating companies borrow in local currency except where inhibited by local regulations, lack of local liquidity or local market conditions. We also hedge some of our exposures through the use of foreign currency borrowing or forward exchange contracts.

 

Our interest rate management approach aims to achieve an optimal balance between fixed and floating rate interest exposures on expected net debt.

 

We seek to manage our liquidity requirements by maintaining access to global debt markets through short-term and long-term debt programmes. In addition, we have high committed credit facilities for general corporate purposes.

 

Group treasury regularly monitors exposure to our banks, tightening counter-party limits where appropriate. Unilever actively manages its banking exposures on a daily basis.

 

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We are exposed to market interest rate fluctuations on our floating rate debt. Increases in benchmark interest rates could increase the interest cost of our floating rate debt and increase the cost of future borrowings.

 

In times of financial market volatility, we are also potentially exposed to counter-party risks with banks, suppliers and customers.

 

Certain businesses have defined benefit pension plans, most now closed to new employees, which are exposed to movements in interest rates, fluctuating values of underlying investments and increased life expectancy. Changes in any or all of these inputs could potentially increase the cost to Unilever of funding the schemes and therefore have an adverse impact on profitability and cash flow.

We regularly assess and monitor counter-party risk in our customers and take appropriate action to manage our exposures.

 

Our pension investment standards require us to invest across a range of equities, bonds, property, alternative assets and cash such that the failure of any single investment will not have a material impact on the overall value of assets.

 

The majority of our assets, including those held in our ‘pooled’ investment vehicle, Univest, are managed by external fund managers and are regularly monitored by pension trustees and central pensions and investment teams.

 

Further information on financial instruments and capital and treasury risk management is included in note 16 on pages 114 to 119.

 

   
ETHICAL  
   

Acting in an ethical manner, consistent with the expectations of customers, consumers and other stakeholders, is essential for the protection of the reputation of Unilever and its brands.

 

Unilever’s brands and reputation are valuable assets and the way in which we operate, contribute to society and engage with the world around us is always under scrutiny both internally and externally. Despite the commitment of Unilever to ethical business and the steps we take to adhere to this commitment, there remains a risk that activities or events cause us to fall short of our desired standard, resulting in damage to Unilever’s corporate reputation and business results.

 

Our Code of Business Principles and our Code Policies govern the behaviour of our employees, suppliers, distributors and other third parties who work with us.

 

Our processes for identifying and resolving breaches of our Code of Business Principles and our Code Policies are clearly defined and regularly communicated throughout Unilever. Data relating to such breaches is reviewed by the Unilever Leadership Executive and by relevant Board committees and helps to determine the allocation of resources for future policy development, process improvement, training and awareness initiatives.

   
LEGAL AND REGULATORY  
   

Compliance with laws and regulations is an essential part of Unilever’s business operations.

 

Unilever is subject to local, regional and global laws and regulations in such diverse areas as product safety, product claims, trademarks, copyright, patents, competition, employee health and safety, the environment, corporate governance, listing and disclosure, employment and taxes.

 

Failure to comply with laws and regulations could expose Unilever to civil and/or criminal actions leading to damages, fines and criminal sanctions against us and/or our employees with possible consequences for our corporate reputation.

 

Changes to laws and regulations could have a material impact on the cost of doing business. Tax, in particular, is a complex area where laws and their interpretation are changing regularly, leading to the risk of unexpected tax exposure.

 

Unilever is committed to complying with the laws and regulations of the countries in which we operate. In specialist areas the relevant teams at global, regional or local levels are responsible for setting detailed standards and ensuring that all employees are aware of and comply with regulations and laws specific and relevant to their roles.

 

Our legal and regulatory specialists are heavily involved in monitoring and reviewing our practices to provide reasonable assurance that we remain aware of and in line with all relevant laws and legal obligations.

 

We have a Tax Risk Framework in place which sets out the controls established to assess and monitor tax risk for direct and indirect taxes.

 

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BIOGRAPHIES

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MICHAEL TRESCHOW KEES STORM PAUL POLMAN JEAN-MARC HUËT
Chairman Vice-Chairman and Senior Chief Executive Officer Chief Financial Officer
Independent Director Executive Director Executive Director

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nationality Swedish Age 71, Male

Appointed Chairman May 2007

Committee membership: Nominating and Corporate Governance;

Compensation

Key areas of experience: Consumer, science & technology

Current external appointments:

ABB Group (NED); Eli Lilly and Company (European Advisory Board member)

Previous relevant experience: Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Chairman); AB Electrolux (Chairman); Confederation of Swedish Enterprise (Chairman); AB Electrolux (CEO)

Nationality Dutch Age 72, Male

Appointed May 2006

Committee membership:

Nominating and Corporate Governance (Chairman); Compensation

Key areas of experience: Finance

Current external appointments:

Anheuser-Busch InBev S.A. (Chairman); Baxter International, Inc. (Board member); Pon Holdings B.V. (Vice-Chairman, Supervisory Board); Confederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers (VNO-NCW) (Member).

Previous relevant experience: AEGON N.V. (Chairman, Executive Board)

Nationality Dutch Age 58, Male

Appointed CEO January 2009

Appointed Director October 2008

Key areas of experience: Finance, consumer, sales & marketing

Current external appointments:

The Dow Chemical Company (NED); World Business Council for Sustainable Development (Chairman, Executive Committee); UN Global Compact (Board member); UK Business Ambassador

Previous relevant experience:

Procter & Gamble Co. (Group president, Europe); Nestlé S.A. (CFO); Alcon Inc (Director)

Nationality Dutch Age 45, Male

Appointed CFO February 2010

Appointed Director May 2010

Key areas of experience:

Finance, consumer

Current external appointments:

Delta Topco Limited (NED); Heineken N.V. (Supervisory Board member)

Previous relevant experience:

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (EVP and CFO); Mead Johnson Nutrition (NED); Royal Numico NV (CFO); Goldman Sachs International (Investment Banking)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LAURA CHA PROFESSOR LOUISE FRESCO ANN FUDGE DR BYRON GROTE
Non-Executive Director Non-Executive Director Non-Executive Director Non-Executive Director

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nationality Chinese Age 65, Female

Appointed May 2013

Committee membership: Corporate Responsibility

Key areas of experience:

Finance, government, legal & regulatory affairs

Current external appointments:
HSBC Holdings plc (Independent NED); China Telecom Corporation Limited (Independent NED); The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (Non-executive deputy Chairman); Foundation Asset Management AB (Senior international adviser)

Previous relevant experience:

Securities and Futures Commission, Hong Kong. China Securities Regulatory Commission

Nationality Dutch Age 63, Female

Appointed May 2009

Committee membership:

Corporate Responsibility (Chairman)

Key areas of experience:

Science & technology, academia

Current external appointments: Wageningen UR (President of the Executive Board)

Previous relevant experience:

Agriculture Department of the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation (Assistant director-general for agriculture)

Nationality American Age 63, Female

Appointed May 2009

Committee membership: Compensation

Key areas of experience: Consumer, sales & marketing

Current external appointments:

Novartis AG (NED); General Electric Co. (NED); US Programs Advisory Panel of Gates Foundation (Chairman)

Previous relevant experience:

Marriott International (NED); Young & Rubicam (Chairman and CEO)

Nationality American/British

Age 66, Male

Appointed May 2006

Committee membership:

Audit (Chairman)

Key areas of experience: Finance

Current external appointments:

Anglo American plc (NED); Standard Chartered Bank (NED); Akzo Nobel N.V. (Supervisory Board member)

Previous relevant experience: BP plc (CFO); UK Business – Government Forum on Tax and Globalisation (Member); UK Government’s Public Services Productivity Panel (Vice-Chairman)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MARY MA HIXONIA NYASULU SIR MALCOLM RIFKIND JOHN RISHTON
Non-Executive Director Non-Executive Director Non-Executive Director Non-Executive Director

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nationality Chinese Age 62, Female

Appointed May 2013

Committee membership: Audit

Key areas of experience:

Finance, consumer, science & technology

Current external appointments:

Boyu Capital (Chairman); MXZ Investment Limited (Director); Lenovo Group Limited (NED); Securities and Futures Commission in Hong Kong (NED); Stelux Holdings International Limited (NED)

Previous relevant experience:

TPG Capital (Partner); TPG China
(Co-Chairman)

Nationality South African

Age 60, Female

Appointed May 2007

Committee membership: Audit

Key areas of experience:

Sales & marketing

Current external appointments: Sasol Oil (Pty) Limited (Director); Sequel Property Investments (Beneficiary)

Previous relevant experience: Sasol Ltd (Chairman); Ithala Development Finance Corporation (Chairman); Nedbank Limited (Deputy Chairman); AVI Ltd (NED)

Nationality British Age 68, Male

Appointed May 2010

Committee membership: Nominating and Corporate Governance

Key areas of experience: Government, legal & regulatory affairs

Current external appointments:

Adam Smith International (NED); Alliance Medical Holdings Limited (NED); Member of UK Parliament

Previous relevant experience:

Queen’s Counsel; Served in Cabinets of Margaret Thatcher and John Major, last position being that of UK Foreign Secretary; Continental Farmers Group plc (NED)

Nationality British Age 57, Male

Appointed May 2013

Committee membership: Audit

Key areas of experience:

Finance, sales & marketing

Current external appointments:

Rolls-Royce Holdings plc (CEO); AeroSpace and Defence Trade Organisation (ASD) (Board member)

Previous relevant experience:

Royal Ahold N.V. (CEO, President and CFO); ICA AB (NED); Allied Domecq plc (NED); British Airways plc (CFO)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FEIKE SIJBESMA PAUL WALSH

DIRECTORS’ KEY AREAS OF EXPERTISE

 

LOGO

Non-Executive Director Non-Executive Director

 

 

 

 

Nationality Dutch Age 55, Male

Appointed November 2014.

Key areas of experience:

Finance, consumer, science & technology

Current external appointments:

Royal DSM N.V. (CEO and Chairman); De Nederlandsche Bank (Member); CEFIC (European Chemical Industry Council) (Board member)

Previous relevant experience:

Supervisory board of DSM Netherlands (Chairman); Dutch Genomics Initiative (NGI) (Member); University Utrecht (Board member);

Dutch cancer Institute (NKI/AVL) (Board member)

Nationality British Age 59, Male

Appointed May 2009

Committee membership: Compensation (Chairman)

Key areas of experience: Finance, consumer, sales & marketing

Current external appointments:

Compass Group plc (Chairman); FedEx Corporation Inc. (NED); Avanti Communications Group plc (NED); Ontex (Chairman); United Spirits Limited (NED); RM2 (NED)

Previous relevant experience:

Diageo plc (CEO); Centrica plc (NED)

 

 

 

   

 

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UNILEVER LEADERSHIP EXECUTIVE (ULE)

FOR PAUL POLMAN AND JEAN-MARC HUËT SEE PAGE 54

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DOUG BAILLIE DAVID BLANCHARD KEVIN HAVELOCK ALAN JOPE
Chief Human Resources Chief R&D Officer President, Refreshment President, Personal Care
Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nationality British Age 59, Male

Appointed Chief HR Officer in February 2011

Appointed to ULE as President of Western Europe in May 2008

Joined Unilever 1978

Previous Unilever posts include:

Hindustan Unilever Limited (CEO); South Asia (Group VP); Africa, Middle East and Turkey (Group VP)

Current external appointments:

Synergos (Board member)

Nationality British Age 50, Male

Appointed to ULE February 2013

Joined Unilever 1986

Previous Unilever posts include:

Unilever Research & Development (SVP); Unilever Canada Inc. (Chairman); Foods America (SVP Marketing Operations); Global Dressings (VP R&D); Margarine and Spreads (Director of Product Development)

Current external appointments: Ingleby Farms and Forests (NED)

Nationality British Age 57, Male

Appointed to ULE November 2011

Joined Unilever 1985

Previous Unilever posts include:

FRALIB France (Président Directeur Général); Unilever Arabia (Chairman); Unilever UK (Chairman); Unilever USA (President)

Current External Appointments: Pepsi/ Lipton JV (Co-Chairman)

Nationality British Age 50, Male

Appointed to ULE November 2011

Joined Unilever 1985

Previous Unilever posts include: Unilever Russia, Africa and Middle East (President); Unilever North Asia (President); SCC and Dressings (Global Category Leader); Home and Personal Care business in North America (President)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

KEES KRUYTHOFF NITIN PARANJPE ANTOINE DE SAINT-AFFRIQUE PIER LUIGI SIGISMONDI
President, North America President, Home Care President, Foods Chief Supply Chain Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nationality Dutch Age 46, Male

Appointed to ULE November 2011

Joined Unilever 1993

Previous Unilever posts include: Brazil (EVP); Unilever Foods South Africa (CEO); Unilever Bestfoods Asia (SVP and Board member)

Current external appointments:

Enactus (Worldwide Board member); USA Grocery Manufacturing Association (Board member)

Nationality Indian Age 51, Male

Appointed to ULE October 2013

Joined Unilever 1987

Previous Unilever posts include: Hindustan Unilever Limited (CEO); Home and Personal Care, India (Executive Director); Home Care (VP); Fabric Wash (Category Head); Laundry and Household Cleaning, Asia (Regional Brand Director)

Current external appointments: Bhavishya Alliance Child Nutrition Initiatives (Director)

Nationality French Age 50, Male

Appointed to ULE November 2011

First joined Unilever 1989 until 1997; re-joined Unilever 2000

Previous Unilever posts include: Skin category (EVP); Unilever Central and Eastern Europe (EVP);

Current external appointments:

Conseiller du Commerce Extérieur de la France; Essilor International (NED)

Nationality Italian Age 49, Male

Appointed to ULE September 2009

Previous posts include: Nestlé Mexico. (VP, Operations and R&D); Nestlé S.A.; A T Kearney (VP, Operations)

Current external appointments: Rexel S.A. (NED)

 

 

 

 

 

 
RITVA SOTAMAA KEITH WEED JAN ZIJDERVELD
Chief Legal Officer Chief Marketing and President, Europe
Communications Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nationality Finnish Age 51, Female

Appointed to ULE February 2013

Previous posts include: Siemens AG – Siemens Healthcare (GC); General Electric Company – GE Healthcare (various positions including GE Healthcare Systems (GC)); Instrumentarium Corporation (GC)

Nationality British Age 53, Male

Appointed to ULE April 2010

Joined Unilever 1983

Previous Unilever posts include: Global Home Care and Hygiene (EVP); Lever Fabergé (Chairman); Hair and Oral Care (SVP)

Current external appointments: Sun Products Corporation (NED); Collectively Limited (Chairman); Business in the Community International Board (Board member); World Economic Forum Consumer Industry (Board member)

Nationality Dutch Age 50, Male

Appointed to ULE February 2011

Joined Unilever 1988

Previous Unilever posts include: South East Asia and Australasia (EVP); Unilever Middle East North Africa (Chairman); Nordic ice cream business (Chairman)

Current external appointments:
AIM (Board member); FoodDrinkEurope (Board member); Pepsi/Lipton JV (Board member); ECR Europe (Efficient Consumer Response) (Board member and Co-Chairman)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Key:

 

NED Non-Executive Director
EVP Executive Vice President
SVP Senior Vice President
VP Vice President
GC General Counsel

 

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REPORT OF THE

AUDIT COMMITTEE

 

 

COMMITTEE MEMBERS AND ATTENDANCE

 

    ATTENDANCE  
 

 

 

  

Byron Grote

7 / 8   

Chairman of the Audit Committee

Mary Ma

8 / 8

Hixonia Nyasulu

8 / 8

John Rishton

8 / 8

This table shows the membership of the Committee together with their attendance at meetings during 2014. If Directors are unable to attend a meeting, they have the opportunity beforehand to discuss any agenda items with the Committee Chairman. Attendance is expressed as the number of meetings attended out of the number eligible to be attended.

 

 

 

HIGHLIGHTS OF 2014

 

  

 

•  Review of the Annual Report & Accounts

•  Oversight of transition to the new external auditors

•  Review of management’s improvements to reporting and internal control arrangements

•  Review of Unilever’s major change programmes

•  Review of IT security and data privacy

 

  

 

 

PRIORITIES FOR 2015

 

  

 

•  Ongoing assessment of new regulatory requirements for audit committees with respect to reporting and governance

•  Review of Unilever’s major change programmes

•  Review of non-financial KPIs

•  Review of IT security and resilience

•  Impact of new global tax regulations

 

  

 

MEMBERSHIP OF THE COMMITTEE

The Audit Committee is comprised only of independent Non-Executive Directors with a minimum requirement of three such members. It is chaired by Byron Grote. The other members are Mary Ma, Hixonia Nyasulu and John Rishton. For the purposes of the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Byron Grote is the Audit Committee’s financial expert. The Boards have satisfied themselves that the current members of the Audit Committee are competent in financial matters and have recent and relevant experience. Other attendees at Committee meetings (or part thereof) were the Chief Financial Officer, Chief Auditor, Group Controller, Chief Legal Officer, Group Secretary and the external auditor. Throughout the year the Committee members periodically met without others present and also held separate private sessions with the Chief Financial Officer, Chief Auditor and the external auditor, allowing the Committee to discuss any issues in more detail directly.

ROLE OF THE COMMITTEE

The role and responsibilities of the Audit Committee are set out in written terms of reference which are reviewed annually by the Committee taking into account relevant legislation and

recommended good practice. The terms of reference are contained within ‘The Governance of Unilever’ which is available on our website at www.unilever.com/corporategovernance. The Committee’s responsibilities include, but are not limited to, the following matters with a view to bringing any relevant issues to the attention of the Boards:

  Oversight of the integrity of Unilever’s financial statements;
  Review of Unilever’s quarterly and annual financial statements (including clarity and completeness of disclosure), and approval of the quarterly trading statements for quarter 1 and quarter 3;
  Oversight of risk management and internal control arrangements;
  Oversight of compliance with legal and regulatory requirements;
  Oversight of the external auditors’ performance, objectivity, qualifications and independence; the approval process of non-audit services; recommendation to the Boards of their nomination for shareholder approval; and approval of their fees, refer to note 25 on page 128;
  The performance of the internal audit function; and
  Approval of Unilever Leadership Executive (ULE) expense policy and review of Executive Director expenses.

In order to help the Committee meet its oversight responsibilities, each year management organise knowledge sessions for the Committee on subject areas within their remit. In 2014, sessions on corporate governance and reporting updates and cyber security were held.

HOW THE COMMITTEE HAS DISCHARGED ITS RESPONSIBILITIES

During the year, the Committee’s principal activities were as follows:

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Committee reviewed the quarterly financial press releases together with the associated internal quarterly reports from the Chief Financial Officer and the Disclosure Committee, and with respect to the half-year, and full-year results the external auditors’ reports, prior to their publication. They also reviewed the Annual Report and Accounts and Annual Report on Form 20-F. These reviews incorporated the accounting policies and significant judgements and estimates underpinning the financial statements as disclosed within note 1 on pages 88 and 89. Particular attention was paid to the following significant issues in relation to the financial statements:

  Revenue recognition – estimation of discounts, incentives on sales made during the year, refer to note 2 on page 90;
  Direct tax provisions and contingencies, refer to note 6 on pages 100 to 102;
  Indirect tax provisions and contingencies, refer to note 19 on page 123.

The external auditors have agreed the list of significant issues discussed by the Audit Committee.

For each of the above areas the Committee considered the key facts and judgements outlined by management. Members of management attended the section of the meeting of the Committee where their item was discussed to answer any questions or challenges posed by the Committee. The issues were also discussed with the external auditor and further information can be found on page 80. The Committee was satisfied that there are relevant accounting policies in place in relation to these significant issues and management have correctly applied these policies.

At the request of the Board the Committee considered whether the 2014 Annual Report and Accounts was fair, balanced and understandable and whether it provided the necessary information for shareholders to assess the Group’s performance, business model and strategy. The Committee were satisfied that, taken as a whole, the 2014 Annual Report and Accounts is fair, balanced and understandable.

 

 

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RISK MANAGEMENT AND INTERNAL CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS

The Committee reviewed Unilever’s overall approach to risk management and control, and its processes, outcomes and disclosure. It reviewed:

  the Controller’s Quarterly Risk and Control Status Report, including Code of Business Principles cases relating to frauds and financial crimes and significant complaints received through the Unilever Code Support Line;
  the 2014 corporate risks for which the Audit Committee had oversight and the proposed 2015 corporate risks identified by the ULE;
  management’s improvements to reporting and internal financial control arrangements;
  processes related to cyber security, information management and privacy;
  tax planning, insurance arrangements and related risk management;
  treasury policies, including debt issuance and hedging; and
  litigation and regulatory investigations.

The Committee reviewed the application of the requirements under Section 404 of the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 with respect to internal controls over financial reporting. In addition, the Committee reviewed the annual financial plan and Unilever’s dividend policy and dividend proposals.

During 2014 the Committee oversaw the independent assurance work that is performed on a number of our Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP) metrics (selected on the basis of their materiality to the USLP).

In fulfilling its oversight responsibilities in relation to risk management, internal control and the financial statements, the Committee met regularly with senior members of management and is fully satisfied with the key judgements taken.

INTERNAL AUDIT FUNCTION

The Committee reviewed Corporate Audit’s audit plan for the year and agreed its budget and resource requirements. It reviewed interim and year-end summary reports and management’s response. The Committee carried out an evaluation of the performance of the internal audit function and was satisfied with the effectiveness of the function. The Committee met independently with the Chief Auditor during the year and discussed the results of the audits performed during the year.

AUDIT OF THE ANNUAL ACCOUNTS

KPMG, Unilever’s external auditors and independent registered public accounting firm, reported in depth to the Committee on the scope and outcome of the annual audit, including their audit of internal controls over financial reporting as required by Section 404 of the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Their reports included accounting matters, governance and control, and accounting developments.

The Committee held independent meetings with the external auditors during the year and reviewed, agreed, discussed and challenged their audit plan, including their assessment of the financial reporting risk profile of the Group. The Committee discussed the views and conclusions of KPMG regarding management’s treatment of significant transactions and areas of judgement during the year and KPMG confirmed they were satisfied that these had been treated appropriately in the financial statements.

EXTERNAL AUDITORS

As a result of the tender performed in 2013, shareholders approved the appointment of KPMG as the Group’s external auditor at the 2014 AGMs in May and throughout the year the Committee oversaw and helped facilitate a smooth transition from the former auditors. The Committee has approved the extension of the current external

audit contract by one year, and recommended to the Boards the re-appointment of the external auditors. On the recommendation of the Committee, the Directors will be proposing the re-appointment of KPMG at the AGMs in April 2015.

Both Unilever and KPMG have safeguards in place to avoid the possibility that the auditors’ objectivity and independence could be compromised, such as audit partner rotation and the restriction on non-audit services that the external auditors can perform as described below. The Committee reviewed the report from KPMG on the actions they take to comply with the professional and regulatory requirements and best practice designed to ensure their independence from Unilever.

Each year, the Committee assesses the effectiveness of the external audit process which includes gaining feedback from key stakeholders at all levels across Unilever.

The Committee also reviewed the statutory audit, audit related and non-audit related services provided by KPMG and compliance with Unilever’s documented approach, which prescribes in detail the types of engagements, listed below, for which the external auditors can be used:

  statutory audit services, including audit of subsidiaries;
  audit related engagements – services that involve attestation, assurance or certification of factual information that may be required by external parties;
  non-audit related services – work that our auditors are best placed to undertake, which may include:
  tax services – all significant tax work is put to tender;
  acquisition and disposal services, including related due diligence, audits and accountants’ reports; and
  internal control reviews.

Several types of engagements are prohibited, including:

  bookkeeping or similar services;
  systems design and implementation related to financial information or risk management;
  valuation services;
  actuarial services;
  internal audit;
  broker, dealer, investment adviser or investment bank services;
  legal services;
  design and/or implementation of risk management processes and systems; and
  staff secondments to a management function.

All audit related engagements over 250,000 and non-audit related engagements over 100,000 required specific advance approval by the Audit Committee Chairman. The Committee further approved all engagements below these levels which have been authorised by the Group Controller. These authorities are reviewed regularly and, where necessary, updated in the light of internal developments, external developments and best practice.

EVALUATION OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

As part of the external Board evaluation carried out in 2014, the Boards evaluated the performance of the Committee. The Committee also carried out an assessment of its own performance. Each concluded that the Committee is performing effectively. Nevertheless, the Committee agreed that to enhance its effectiveness it would seek opportunities for all Committee members to visit a key accounting and reporting centre.

Byron Grote

Chairman of the Audit Committee

Mary Ma

Hixonia Nyasulu

John Rishton

 

 

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Table of Contents

REPORT OF THE CORPORATE

RESPONSIBILITY COMMITTEE

 

COMMITTEE MEMBERS AND ATTENDANCE

 

    ATTENDANCE  
 

 

 

  

Louise Fresco

4 / 4

Chairman of the Corporate

  

Responsibility Committee

Laura Cha

4 / 4

Charles Golden

2 / 2

This table shows the membership of the Committee together with their attendance at meetings during 2014. If Directors are unable to attend a meeting, they have the opportunity beforehand to discuss any agenda items with the Committee Chairman. Attendance is expressed as the number of meetings attended out of the number eligible to be attended.

 

 

 

HIGHLIGHTS OF 2014

 

  

 

•  Scrutiny of Unilever’s Code of Business Principles and Unilever’s new Responsible Sourcing Policy

•  Review of progress on the Unilever Sustainable Living Plan

•  Product quality and food safety

 

  

 

 

PRIORITIES FOR 2015

 

  

 

•  Compliance with Code of Business Principles, particularly by third parties

•  The Unilever Sustainable Living Plan:
progress on delivering the Plan

•  Product quality and safety

•  Corporate reputation

 

  

 

TERMS OF REFERENCE

The Corporate Responsibility Committee oversees Unilever’s conduct as a responsible multinational business. The Committee is also charged with ensuring that Unilever’s reputation is protected and enhanced. A key element of the Committee’s role is the need to identify any external developments which are likely to have an influence upon Unilever’s standing in society and to bring these to the attention of the Boards.

The Committee currently comprises two Non-Executive Directors: Louise Fresco, who chairs the Committee, and Laura Cha. The Chief Marketing & Communications Officer attends the Committee’s meetings. Charles Golden retired as a Non-Executive Director of Unilever at the 2014 AGMs in May.

The Committee’s discussions are informed by the perspectives of the Group’s two sustainability leadership groups, both of which are chaired by the Chief Marketing & Communications Officer. The first is the Unilever Sustainable Living Plan Council (formerly called the Unilever Sustainable Development Group) – a group of experts from outside the Group who advise Unilever’s senior leadership on its sustainability strategy. The second is the Unilever Sustainable Living Plan Steering Team – the group of Unilever’s senior executives who are accountable for driving sustainable growth. The insights from these groups help to keep the Boards informed of current and emerging trends and any potential risks arising from sustainability issues.

During 2014 the Committee reviewed its terms of reference of the Committee and, on the recommendation of the Committee, the Boards approved minor changes to the terms.

The Committee’s terms of reference and details of the Unilever Sustainable Living Plan Council are available on our website at www.unilever.com/corporategovernance and www.unilever.com/sustainable-living/governance respectively.

MEETINGS

Meetings are held quarterly and ad hoc as required. The Committee Chairman reports the conclusions to the Boards. Four meetings were held in 2014. Following the Committee’s terms of reference, Unilever’s corporate risks and the ‘3+1’ goals set for individual committees, the Committee works to a structured agenda, enabling members to focus in detail on the responsibilities assigned to them.

The agenda covers the Code of Business Principles (the Code) and litigation as well as occupational safety, product safety and quality, the Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP) and corporate reputation as well as a range of strategic and current issues.

CODE OF BUSINESS PRINCIPLES

The Committee is responsible for the oversight of the Code and associated Code Policies which set out the standards of conduct we expect of our employees.

The Committee ensures that the Code and Code Policies remain fit for purpose and are appropriately applied. The Audit Committee also considers the Code as part of its remit to review risk management.

 

 

58                Governance Unilever Annual Report and Accounts 2014


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The Committee maintains close scrutiny of the mechanisms for compliance with the Code and Code Policies as ongoing compliance is essential to promote and protect Unilever’s values and standards, and hence the good reputation of the Group. At each meeting the Committee reviews the completion of investigations into non-compliance with the Code and Code Policies and progress on training programmes as well as any trends which may emerge from reports of Code non-compliance.

Third parties’ compliance with the Code is essential for the protection of the reputation of Unilever and its brands. This was a priority for the Committee in 2014 and remains high on its agenda for 2015.

LITIGATION REVIEW

The Chief Legal Officer reports to the Committee on litigation and regulatory matters which may have a reputational impact including environmental issues, bribery and corruption compliance and competition law compliance. For further information on ‘legal proceedings’ please see note 20 on page 125.

SAFETY

The Committee reviews a scorecard analysis of progress on occupational safety and product safety and quality at each meeting. These quarterly scorecards are complemented by regular in-depth discussions to reassure committee members that systems and processes remain robust.

Occupational safety, particularly road safety, remains a high priority for Unilever and the Committee noted considerable effort has been made to counter a slight dip in performance at the beginning of 2014.

Having discussed Unilever’s policies and processes for product safety, including incident management, members considered that Unilever adopts a systematic approach that focuses on prevention.

UNILEVER SUSTAINABLE LIVING PLAN

The USLP is at the heart of Unilever’s Vision to double the size of its business while reducing its environmental footprint and increasing its positive social impact. By making sustainability integral to how Unilever does business, the USLP provides the differentiator in Unilever’s business model. Given its strategic importance, the Committee monitors progress on the USLP and reviews any potential risks that could affect Unilever’s reputation.

One of the Committee’s ongoing priorities is to ensure that delivery of the USLP is maintained through appropriate business strategies.

The USLP was launched at the end of 2010 and much has been learned in implementing the plan since then. In 2014 Unilever reviewed its strategy and approach to focus its attention on the areas that matter most to the business and where its contribution can achieve the greatest impact on society.

An important outcome of this review is the expansion of the Enhancing Livelihoods pillar of the USLP to embrace commitments on fairness in the workplace, opportunities for women and inclusive business. The promotion of human rights is an important component in these new commitments and the Committee studied the implications of the UN Guiding Principles on Human Rights. It also welcomed the launch of Unilever’s new Responsible Sourcing Policy as a crucial step in promoting human rights with Unilever’s suppliers (see page 8).

The Committee also discussed Unilever’s ambitions to achieve systemic change in areas that support its business priorities. Unilever has defined three areas where it has the scale and resources to create transformational change. It is deepening its efforts to work towards eliminating deforestation from supply chains; championing sustainable agriculture and the development of smallholder farmers; and improving hygiene through handwashing, safe drinking water and sanitation.

FURTHER ITEMS

Other discussions during the year focused on obesity, progress on alternatives to animal testing and consumer confidence in the use of chemicals. The systems and processes in place for managing issues such as these were also scrutinised as they are essential in helping to maintain Unilever’s good reputation.

EVALUATION OF THE CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY COMMITTEE

As part of the external Board evaluation carried out in 2014, the Boards evaluated the performance of the Committee. The Committee also carried out an assessment of its own performance. Each concluded that the Committee is performing effectively. The Committee agreed that the structure of its meetings and its focus on priority topics were working well and should be continued.

Louise Fresco

Chairman of the Corporate Responsibility Committee

Laura Cha

Further details on the USLP can be found in Unilever’s online Sustainable Living Report 2014 to be published in May 2015.

LOGO www.unilever.com/sustainable-living

 

 

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REPORT OF THE NOMINATING AND

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE

 

COMMITTEE MEMBERS, MEMBERSHIP STATUS AND ATTENDANCE

 

    ATTENDANCE  
 

 

 

  

Kees Storm

7/7   

Chairman of the Nominating and

Corporate Governance Committee

Sir Malcolm Rifkind

7/7

Michael Treschow

7/7

This table shows the membership of the Committee together with their attendance at meetings during 2014. If Directors are unable to attend a meeting, they have the opportunity beforehand to discuss any agenda items with the Committee Chairman. Attendance is expressed as the number of meetings attended out of the number eligible to be attended.

 

 

 

HIGHLIGHTS OF 2014

 

  

 

•  Director and Unilever Leadership
Executive Succession Planning

•  External Board evaluation

 

  

 

 

PRIORITIES FOR 2015

 

  

 

•  Recommendations for new Non-Executive Directors

•  Planning for Chairman succession

•  Monitoring of emerging Corporate Governance developments

•  Active participation in relevant Corporate Governance consultations

 

  

 

ROLE AND MEMBERSHIP OF THE COMMITTEE

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for evaluating the balance of skills, experience, independence and knowledge on the Boards and for drawing up selection criteria, ongoing succession planning and appointment procedures. It also has oversight of all matters relating to corporate governance and brings any issues in this respect to the attention of the Boards.

The Committee’s terms of reference are set out in ‘The Governance of Unilever’ which can be found on our website at www.unilever.com/corporategovernance. During the year, the Committee reviewed the Committee’s terms of reference to ensure they remained in line with relevant corporate governance guidelines and to determine whether its responsibilities are properly described. The amended terms became effective on 1 January 2015.

The Committee is comprised of two Non-Executive Directors and the Chairman. The Group Secretary acts as secretary to the Committee. Other attendees at Committee meetings in 2014 (or part thereof) were the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief HR Officer and the Group Secretary.

In 2014 the Committee met seven times. At the start of the year the Committee considered the results of the Committee’s annual self-evaluation for 2013 and used these to help create an annual plan for meetings for 2014.

APPOINTMENT AND RE-APPOINTMENT OF DIRECTORS

Re-appointment: Non-Executive Directors normally serve for a maximum of nine years. The schedule the Committee uses for orderly succession planning of Non-Executive Directors can be found on our website at www.unilever.com/committees. All existing Executive and Non-Executive Directors, unless they are retiring, submit themselves for evaluation by the Committee every year. An Executive Director stops holding executive officer on ceasing to be a Director. The Chairman will inform the Committee of the outcomes of his discussions with each Director on individual performance. Based upon the evaluation of the Boards, its Committees and the continued good performance of individual Directors, the Committee recommends to each Board a list of Directors for re-election at the relevant company’s AGMs. In 2014, Charles Golden decided not to put himself forward for re-election at the 2014 AGMs in May 2014. The Committee proposed the nomination of all other Directors. Directors are appointed by shareholders by a simple majority vote at the AGMs.

Appointment: Where a vacancy arises on the Boards, the Committee may seek the services of specialist recruitment firms and other external experts to assist in finding individuals with the appropriate skills and expertise. The Committee reviews candidates presented by the recruitment firm, or recommended by Directors and members of the Unilever Leadership Executive (ULE), and all members of the Committee are involved in the interview process before making their recommendations to the Boards for approval. The Committee also recommends to the Boards candidates for election as Chairman and Vice-Chairman/ Senior Independent Director.

When recruiting the Committee will take into account the profile of Unilever’s Boards of Directors set out in the ‘The Governance of Unilever’ which is in line with the recommendations of applicable governance regulations and best practice. Pursuant to the profile the Boards should comprise a majority of Non-Executive Directors who are independent of Unilever, free from any conflicts of interest and are able to allocate sufficient time to perform their responsibilities effectively. With respect to composition and qualities, the Boards should be in keeping with the size of Unilever, its portfolio, culture and geographical spread and its

 

 

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status as a listed company. The objective pursued by the Boards is to have a variety of age, gender, expertise, social background and nationality and, wherever possible, the Boards should reflect Unilever’s consumer base and take into account the footprint and strategy of the Group.

In 2014, the Committee engaged the services of Russell Reynolds Associates, an executive search agency, to assist with the recruitment of a new Non-Executive Director. Russell Reynolds Associates, who also assist Unilever with the recruitment of senior executives, helped to identify Feike Sijbesma as a potential candidate. The Committee recommended to the Boards that Feike Sijbesma be nominated as a new Non-Executive Director at the 2014 AGMs. In May 2014 the AGMs resolved to appoint Feike and his appointment took effect on 1 November 2014. Feike is a leading business figure and brings significant additional expertise to the Boards, including in the important areas of food, nutrition and sustainability.

Succession planning: In consultation with the Committee, the Boards review both the adequacy of succession planning processes and the actual succession planning at each of Board and ULE level.

The Committee, on behalf of the Boards, continued during 2014 to consider succession planning for the Boards given that Byron Grote and Kees Storm (Vice-Chairman/Senior Independent Director) are expected to retire at the AGMs in May 2015 and Michael Treschow (the Chairman), and Hixonia Nyasulu are expected to retire in May 2016. The Committee actively engaged with the Boards in 2014 on potential Non-Executive Director candidates and on the profile of a future Chairman.

In addition, during 2014, the Committee consulted with the Chief Executive Officer on the selection criteria and appointment procedures for senior management changes including changes to the ULE.

DIVERSITY POLICY

Unilever has long understood the importance of diversity within our workforce because of the wide range of consumers we connect with globally. This goes right through our organisation, starting with the Boards. The Boards feel that gender is only one part of diversity, and Unilever Directors will continue to be selected on the basis of their wide-ranging experience, backgrounds, skills, knowledge and insight.

Unilever’s Board Diversity Policy, which is reviewed by the Committee each year, can be found on our website at www.unilever.com/boardsofunilever. The Committee also reviewed and considered relevant recommendations on diversity and remains pleased that over 40% of our Non-Executive Directors are women.

EVALUATION

As part of the external Board evaluation carried out in 2014, the Boards evaluated the performance of the Committee. The Committee also carried out an assessment of its own performance, Each concluded that the Committee is performing effectively. Nevertheless, the Committee agreed that, to enhance its effectiveness, it would give fuller feedback to the Boards on the appointment process of Non-Executive Directors and arrange for the external recruitment firm used to present to the Boards.

Kees Storm

Chairman of the Nominating and Corporate

Governance Committee

Sir Malcolm Rifkind

Michael Treschow

PROFILE OF UNILEVER’S BOARDS OF DIRECTORS

DESIRED EXPERTISE AND EXPERIENCE

In view of Unilever’s objectives and activities, it is important that the Boards have sufficient financial literacy, have at least one financial expert and are composed in such a way that the following expertise and experience are present in one or more of its members:

    Executive management experience and knowledge of corporate governance issues at main board level with a company comparable in size and international spread of activities with multiple stock exchange listings;  
    Understanding of human resources and remuneration in large international companies;  
    Experience in financial administration, accounting policies and internal control;  
    Risk management of multinationals with share listings;  
    Understanding of the markets where Unilever is active;  
    Experience in and understanding of the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) market;  
    Knowledge of marketing and commercial expertise;  
    Awareness of corporate social responsibility issues; and  
    Experience with R&D in those fields where Unilever is active.  

PROFILE

This profile guides the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and the Boards on the occasion of the nomination of Directors. It is reviewed and updated by the Boards periodically.

 

 

 

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DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION

REPORT

 

COMMITTEE MEMBERS AND ATTENDANCE

 

    ATTENDANCE  
 

 

 

  

Paul Walsh

5 / 5   
Chairman of the Compensation Committee (previously called
the Compensation and Management Resources Committee)

Ann Fudge

5 / 5

Kees Storm

4 / 5

Michael Treschow

5 / 5

This table shows the attendance of Directors at Committee meetings held in the year ended 31 December 2014. If Directors are unable to attend a meeting, they have the opportunity beforehand to discuss any agenda items with the Committee Chairman. Attendance is expressed as the number of meetings attended out of the number eligible to be attended.

 

 

 

HIGHLIGHTS OF 2014

 

  

 

•  No changes have been made to the remuneration policy during the year.

•  The Committee approved the implementation and roll-out of the new global employee share plan ‘SHARES’ for employees below management level.

•  The Committee reviewed the remuneration framework and concluded that it continues to serve Unilever well, particularly in light of the strong level of shareholder support for Unilever’s remuneration policy at the 2014 AGMs.

•  Review of the global reward structure for Unilever’s ‘Top 100’ executive management population below Executive Director level, two years after implementation, has proven that it is delivering effectively against the objectives that had been set for it.

 

  

 

 

PRIORITIES FOR 2015

 

  

 

•  Further review and shaping of Unilever’s future reward framework to ensure that it remains aligned with strategy and long-term shareholder value creation.

•  Review of relative competitive position of reward levels for Unilever’s ‘Top 100’ executive management population.

•  Review of progress in implementing SHARES.

 

  

 

 

FORMAT OF THE DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT

Our Directors’ Remuneration Report is split into the following sections:

 

    Chairman’s letter – page 62 to 63
    Remuneration Principles – page 63 to 64
    Annual Remuneration Report – page 65 to 77

 

CHAIRMAN’S LETTER

DEAR SHAREHOLDERS,

I am pleased to report that our Remuneration Policy was adopted at the 2014 NV and PLC AGMs with strong levels of support and remains unchanged for 2015.

REMUNERATION POLICY – AVAILABLE ON OUR WEBSITE

To simplify this year’s report we have chosen not to repeat our Remuneration Policy, which is available on our website. To reflect the reward decisions taken for 2015 by the Compensation Committee we have updated the supporting information in the remuneration policy table and other contextual information.

LOGO www.unilever.com/ara2014/downloads

BUSINESS PERFORMANCE AND REMUNERATION OUTCOMES FOR 2014

Annual bonus – a year of resilient performance

During the year Unilever faced an increasingly challenging external environment. In addition to fierce competition, we also saw weakening consumer demand across many parts of the world and increasing external volatility. The business responded to the combination of these events with resilience by heightening focus on cost control and margin improvement. Although our overall underlying sales growth lowered to 2.9% we continued to outperform our markets, as we have done consistently since Paul Polman’s appointment as CEO. Through rigorous control of overheads, we delivered a core operating margin improvement of 0.4 percentage points despite adverse currency movements. With the quality of these results in mind, the Committee exercised its judgement to uplift the annual bonus outcome from 68% to 80% of target and decided to pay a bonus of 132% of salary (66% of maximum) to the CEO, Paul Polman, and a bonus of 88% of salary (59% of maximum) to the CFO, Jean-Marc Huët. The Committee believes that these awards fairly reflect the performance delivered in 2014. This consistency in performance delivery, now established over the last six years, shows that Unilever is building a more resilient company. We are better able to withstand the challenges of an increasingly uncertain business environment because we are moving towards a business model with long-term sustainability at its core.

GSIP and MCIP – strong financial performance over the last three years

Over the past three years, Unilever has again delivered very strong financial performance. Underlying sales growth during this period was 4.7% per annum. Core operating margin improvement over the period was an average of 0.37 percentage points per year, demonstrating management’s drive for consistent top and bottom line growth. Unilever has also generated very strong operating cash in the period, with cumulative operating cash flow of 15.5 billion. Total shareholder return (TSR) over this three-year period was below the performance of our peers, and, as a result, no part of the GSIP and MCIP awards related to TSR will vest. The Committee believes the outcomes of the long-term share incentive plans represent a fair reflection of Unilever’s underlying performance over the last three years. On the basis of this performance, the Committee determined that the GSIP awards to the end of 2014 together with MCIP awards, which were granted to Executive Directors for the first time in 2012, will vest at 121% of initial award levels (ie 61% of maximum for GSIP and 81% of maximum awards for MCIP, which is capped at 150%).

 

 

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EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS TURN DOWN SALARY INCREASES FOR 2015

In our 2011 Directors’ Remuneration Report, the Committee drew shareholders’ attention to our concern that the CEO’s salary was positioned at the lower end of market practice compared to similar sized UK and European companies. At that time the Committee stated that it would look to make further increases, as appropriate, to address this over the next few years. Since then, largely at the CEO and CFO’s own insistence, we have consistently awarded less of a salary increase than we believed was merited by the performance of the Executive Directors. Having held their salaries steady for longer than intended and in view of the sustained track record of performance delivery, the Committee recommended, and the Boards approved, salary increases for the CEO and CFO with effect from January 2015. In making these recommendations the Committee considered the strong performance of Unilever and alignment, both to increases in pay for the broader employee population and externally. The CEO and CFO have turned down the salary increases recommended by the Committee for 2015.

STRATEGIC LINKAGE OF REWARD TO BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

As in previous years, the Committee continues to use performance-based incentives to drive the business towards delivering sustainable long-term value for shareholders. For 2015, the Committee has decided to focus on the importance of cash generation in an environment of lower global growth rates by replacing underlying volume growth with growth in free cash flow (FCF) as a performance measure for the annual bonus, in alignment with our strategy as set out in the Strategic Report (www.unilever.com/ara2014/downloads). FCF is a widely reported metric used to evaluate Unilever’s in-year performance. For our shareholders, cash is an important driver of value creation, allowing us to pay attractive and sustainable dividends while continuing to invest in the business.

The performance measures for our long-term share incentive plans remain unchanged for the 2015-2017 performance cycle. Even though FCF is our primary cash measure, we use operating cash flow (OCF) as the cash measure in our long-term incentive plans as it better represents underlying long-term performance at constant exchange rates. To better describe long-term management performance, OCF is also adjusted to exclude the impact of cash inflows and outflows resulting from M&A activity and the impact of pension contributions and interest costs on external borrowings.

For reasons of commercial sensitivity, our practice is to disclose the target ranges for performance measures together with the outcomes of incentive plans at the end of the respective performance period.

In 2015 the Committee plans to undertake a further review of our remuneration framework to ensure that it continues to be fully aligned with Unilever’s business strategy and enables us to respond quickly to the rapidly changing markets in which we operate. Specifically, we will be looking for opportunities to simplify reward arrangements and also to strengthen the linkage between executive pay and the creation of sustainable longer- term shareholder value. To the extent that changes are proposed, the Committee will consult with key shareholders to get their feedback in advance of recommending changes to shareholders.

Paul Walsh

Chairman of the Compensation Committee

REMUNERATION PRINCIPLES

SUPPORTING THE DELIVERY OF OUR STRATEGY THROUGH REMUNERATION ARRANGEMENTS

Our business vision is to double the size of Unilever while reducing our environmental footprint and increasing our positive social impact through a focus on our brands, our operations and our people, and the Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP). Remuneration is one of the key tools that we have as a business to help us to motivate our people to achieve our goals.

Our remuneration arrangements are designed to support our business vision and the implementation of our strategy. The key elements of our remuneration package for Executive Directors are summarised below:

 

LOGO

 

 

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DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION

REPORT CONTINUED

 

 

THE PACKAGE HAS BEEN DESIGNED BASED ON THE FOLLOWING KEY PRINCIPLES:

 

PAYING FOR

PERFORMANCE

g

 

The focus of our package is on variable pay based on annual and long-term performance. Performance- related elements are structured so that target levels of reward are competitive, but Executive Directors can only earn higher rewards if they exceed the ongoing standards of performance that Unilever requires.

 

ALIGNING
PERFORMANCE
MEASURES
WITH STRATEGY
g

 

The performance measures for our annual and long-term plans have been selected to support our business strategy and the ongoing enhancement of shareholder value through a focus on increasing sales, improving margin, cash generation and returns for shareholders.

 

DELIVERING
SUSTAINABLE
PERFORMANCE
g

 

Acknowledging that success is not only measured by delivering financial returns, we also consider the quality of performance in terms of business results and leadership, including corporate social responsibility and progress against the USLP, when determining rewards.

 

g

 

To ensure that remuneration arrangements fully support our sustainability agenda, the personal performance goals under the annual bonus include USLP targets.

 

ALIGNMENT
WITH
SHAREHOLDER
INTERESTS
g

 

The majority of the package for our Executive Directors is delivered in Unilever shares to ensure that the interests of executives are aligned with shareholders’ interests. This is further supported by significant shareholding requirements, ensuring that a substantial portion of each Executive Director’s personal wealth is linked to Unilever’s share price performance.

 

g

 

Non-Executive Directors are also encouraged to build up their personal holding of Unilever shares to ensure alignment with shareholders’ interests.

 

PAYING
COMPETITIVELY
g

 

The overall remuneration package offered to Executive Directors should be sufficiently competitive to attract and retain highly experienced and talented individuals, without paying more than is necessary.

 

PREVENTING
INAPPROPRIATE
RISK-TAKING
g

 

The Committee believes that Unilever’s risk management process provides the necessary control to prevent inappropriate risk-taking. When the Committee reviews the structure and levels of performance-related pay for Executive Directors and other members of the Unilever Leadership Executive (ULE), it considers whether these might encourage behaviours that are incompatible with the long-term interests of Unilever and its shareholders or that may raise any environmental, social or governance risks. Where necessary, the Committee would take appropriate steps to address this.

 

 

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ANNUAL REMUNERATION REPORT

The following sets out how Unilever’s Remuneration Policy, which is available on our website, will be implemented in 2015 and how it was implemented in 2014.

LOGO www.unilever.com/ara2014/downloads

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REMUNERATION POLICY IN 2015 FOR EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS

ELEMENTS OF REMUNERATION

 

FIXED ELEMENTS AT A GLANCE DESCRIPTION
OF REMUNERATION     
   
BASE SALARY

Salary effective from 1 January 2015:

 

•    CEO £1,010,000 (unchanged from 2014)

•    CFO £714,000 (unchanged from 2014)

In its 2011 Report, the Committee signalled its concern that the CEO’s salary was positioned at the lower end of market practice compared to similar sized UK and European companies. The Committee expressed its intention to make further increases, as appropriate, to address this over the next few years. Having held their salaries steady for longer than intended and in view of the sustained track record of performance delivery, the Committee recommended, and the Boards approved, salary increases for the CEO and CFO with effect from January 2015. In making these recommendations the Committee considered the strong performance of Unilever and alignment, both to increases in pay for the broader employee population and externally. The CEO and CFO have turned down the salary increases recommended by the Committee for 2015.

 

FIXED ALLOWANCE

Fixed allowance for 2015:

 

•    CEO – £250,000

•    CFO – £220,000

 

The CFO’s allowance has been reduced from £260,000 in 2014 to reflect the final stage of the phasing-out of his annual housing allowance.

 

A fixed allowance not linked to base salary is provided as a simple, competitive alternative to the provision of itemised benefits and pensions.
OTHER BENEFIT ENTITLEMENTS

•    Amounts for other benefits are not known until the year end.

In line with Unilever’s Remuneration Policy, Executive Directors will be provided with death, disability and medical insurance cover and actual tax return preparation costs in 2015.

 

LOGO www.unilever.com/ara2014/downloads

 

In line with the commitments made to the current CEO on recruitment and included in the Remuneration Policy, Unilever also pays the CEO’s social security obligations in his country of residence to protect him against the difference between employee social security obligations in his country of residence versus the UK.

 

Conditional supplemental pension

The CEO also receives a conditional supplemental pension accrual to compensate him for the arrangements for feited on leaving his previous employer. The CEO will receive a contribution to his supplemental pension of 12% of the lower of his actual base salary over the year and his 2011 base salary (£920,000) plus 3% per annum. The cap for 2015 has been kept at £976,028 with a maximum contribution of £117,123.

 

This supplemental pension accrual is conditional on the CEO remaining in employment with Unilever to age 60 and subsequently retiring from active service or his death or total disability prior to retirement.

PERFORMANCE ELEMENTS OF REMUNERATION

The actual targets for the annual bonus and the three business-focused performance measures for the MCIP and GSIP awards to be made in 2015 have not been disclosed up front. The Boards deem this to be commercially sensitive information as targets could reveal information about Unilever’s business plan and budgeting process to competitors, which could be damaging to Unilever’s business interests and therefore to shareholders. Where appropriate, targets will be disclosed in the Directors’ Remuneration Report following the end of the respective performance period.

Performance measures are selected to align with Unilever’s clearly stated growth ambition and our long-term business strategy. Unilever’s primary business objective is to generate a sustainable improvement in business performance through increasing underlying sales while steadily improving core operating margins and cash flow.

The measures chosen for the annual and long-term incentives support the delivery of this objective. Performance measures focus management on the delivery of a combination of top-line revenue growth and bottom-line profit growth that Unilever believes will build shareholder value over the longer term. The use of a performance measure based on total shareholder return measures Unilever’s success relative to peers.

 

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DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION

REPORT CONTINUED

 

 

     

PERFORMANCE ELEMENTS OF REMUNERATION

AT A GLANCE DESCRIPTION

ANNUAL BONUS

•  CEO – target 120% of base salary, maximum 200% of base salary

•  CFO – target 100% of base salary, maximum 150% of base salary

The performance measures for 2015 will be:

 

LOGO

In addition, when determining annual bonus awards, the Committee will also consider personal performance and the quality of results in terms of both business results and leadership, including corporate social responsibility and progress against the delivery of USLP goals.
   

The Committee determined that free cash flow would replace underlying volume growth as a performance measure for 2015. This change will assist Unilever in focusing on cost reduction and improving cash generation, as well as top-line growth, in a challenging market environment. Underlying volume growth will remain a factor that is considered by the Committee as part of the quality of results assessment.

 

MCIP 2015

•  Out of their annual bonus awards, Executive Directors are required to invest 25% of their gross bonus and may invest up to 60% of their gross bonus in the MCIP (investment shares which are held in the individual’s name)

•  They are awarded an equal number of MCIP matching shares

•  Maximum vesting for matching shares is 150% of the initial award

•  The maximum award of matching shares for the CEO and CFO (as a percentage of base salary at grant), assuming maximum bonus, maximum deferral under the MCIP, would be 180% of base salary and 135% of base salary respectively

 

Matching shares awarded under the MCIP in 2015 will be subject to the same measures as GSIP awards made in the year. Further details of the performance measures are disclosed below.

 

The Committee considers that using the same performance measures across both the MCIP and GSIP is appropriate, as the performance measures used reflect our key strategic goals and maintain the alignment of our incentive plans to delivering our clearly stated growth ambitions. Given that we use four different performance measures, the Committee believes that the proportion of remuneration linked to each performance measure is not excessive.

GSIP 2015 AWARDS

•  Target award 200% of base salary for the CEO and 175% of base salary for CFO

•  Maximum vesting of 200% initial award

•  Maximum vesting of 400% of base salary for the CEO and 350% of base salary for the CFO

Performance targets are assessed over a three-year period.

 

Performance measures for 2015 awards:

 

LOGO

 

(a)  For the three business-focused measures, 25% of target awards vest for achieving threshold performance. 200% of target awards vest (capped at 150% under the MCIP) for maximum performance.
(b)  For the relative TSR measure, Unilever’s TSR is measured against a comparator group of other consumer goods companies. TSR measures the return received by a shareholder, capturing both the increase in share price and the value of dividend income (assuming dividends are reinvested). The TSR results are measured on a common currency basis to better reflect the shareholder experience.

The current TSR peer group is as follows:

 

Avon Colgate-Palmolive Henkel L’Oréal Reckitt Benckiser
Beiersdorf Danone Kao Nestlé Shiseido
Campbell Soup General Mills Kellogg’s PepsiCo
Coca-Cola Estée Lauder Kimberly-Clark Procter & Gamble

The TSR comparator group consists of 18 companies (19 including Unilever). No shares in the portion of the award subject to TSR vest if Unilever is ranked below position 10 in the peer group at the end of the three-year period, 50% vests if Unilever is ranked 10th, 100% vests if Unilever is ranked 7th and 200% (150% under the MCIP) vests if Unilever is ranked 3rd or above. Straight-line vesting occurs between these points. The Committee may change the TSR vesting levels set out above if the number of companies in the TSR comparator group changes.

 

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ULTIMATE REMEDY/MALUS

Grants under the GSIP and MCIP are subject to ultimate remedy. Upon vesting of an award, the Committee shall have the discretionary power to adjust the value of the award if the award, in the Committee’s opinion taking all circumstances into account, produces an unfair result. In exercising this discretion, the Committee may take into account Unilever’s performance against non-financial measures. The Committee will only adjust the value of a vesting GSIP and MCIP award upwards after obtaining shareholder consent. With effect from the 2015 GSIP and MCIP awards, the Committee may apply malus to reduce an award or determine that it will not vest or only vest in part in the event of a significant downward restatement of the financial results of Unilever, gross misconduct or gross negligence, material breach of Unilever’s Code of Business Principles or any of the Unilever Code Policies or conduct by the individual that results in significant losses or serious reputational damage to Unilever. With effect from the 2015 annual bonus (based on 2014 performance), the annual bonus will also be subject to malus on the same grounds as apply for GSIP and MCIP awards.

CLAW-BACK

The Committee has discretion to reclaim or claw-back some or all of the value of awards of performance-related payments t